激励教育法在大学生管理中的应用

激励教育法是高校教学管理中常用方法,教育者通过适度的鼓励和惩罚,提高受教育者的积极性,使其将学习和生活中的要求内化为自己的目标。激励教育法应用于大学生管理之中,应注意合理的方法以及避免使用误区。     

助学贷款的不同目标--对贷款的设计、评价及政策可能产生的影响

本文对世界各地助学贷款的不同目标作了简要的回顾和评论 ,着重论述了两种不同目标取向的助学贷款之间的差异 :第一类助学贷款追求经济目标 ,如贷款的设立是为了促进高等教育的成本补偿 ,为紧张的大学财政获取额外财源 ;第二类助学贷款追求社会目标 ,如设立贷款的目的是为了增进高等教育入学机会均等 ,帮助更多贫困家庭的学生上大学。以经济目标为导向的助学贷款一般不含政府补贴 ,以社会目标为导向的助学贷款可能享受政府的补贴 ,但需要对贷款对象进行认真仔细的确认。文章最后指出 ,助学贷款的设计和评价必须考虑到贷款政策的目标。     

A Laboratory-Problem Centered First Course for Electrical Engineers

The objectives of Carnegie's first course for electrical engineering students are the conversion of basic science into "root content" and the development of professional method. Both objectives are met by a program of the solution of a series of professionally difficult but scientifically simple problems, which require both analytical and experimental work. All laboratory work is planned by the student, who takes major responsibility for its conduct and is permitted to make mistakes. Each new problem is used but once. Typical problem solutions require two to three weeks and two to three laboratory periods for completion. Recitation and laboratory work are integrated. Several examples of problems are given, together with typical student plans, student reports, and instructor's comments. General rules for planning such a course are presented. The success of the course and its effect on the rest of the curriculum are discussed.     

《物联网射频卡制作与应用》一体化课程积木式教学方法的研究与实践

根据高职院校理论实践一体化课程的特点,遵循高职学生能力培养目标及认知规律,结合多年的教学经验,将积木式教学方法应用于《物联网射频卡制作与应用》理论实践一体化课程的教学实践过程,培养学生知识运用能力及系统设计实践技能。积木式教学方法具有化繁为易、灵活运用、参与度高、注重拓展、适应性强等特点,能帮助提升学生的综合能力。     

Student Discipline and Psychotherapy:

College and university psychotherapists, and administrators responsible for student discipline, rely upon different methodology to reach harmonious objectives. Those objectives include fostering the development of students as responsible and even moral actors, and projecting the basic safety of the community as a whole. It is precisely because those broad objectives can be shared by pscyhotherapist and disciplinarians that we can adopt a team approach to student behavioral problems, in which differing emphases, practices, and standards of confidentiality are understood and respected. Ongoing discussion and dialogue between psychotherapists and disciplinarians will facilitate such cooperation, while dispelling mutual misconception by some administrators is that psychotherapists do not understand or support the need to set and enforce reasonable standards of student behavior.     

An Analytical Study of the Reading Habits of Deaf Children

The efficacy of behavioral objectives in improving student achievement was assessed in a college setting. The Ss were nineteen senior and graduate students enrolled in a research course in educational psychology. Ss randomly assigned to two groups were separated before treatment. One group received a list of precise instructional objectives, while the other group discussed an unrelated topic. The two groups were reunited, exposed to the same lecture, and then administered a 12-item quiz covering the day’s lesson. Results of an analysis of covariance revealed that behavioral objectives had a desirable effect on student achievement.     

面向OBE的课程目标达成度评价方法——以《工程制图》为例

针对OBE教育模式中课程目标达成度的定量化评价问题,首先阐述OBE定量化评价对教学大纲编写、形成性评价实施、考试题目设计的要求;然后结合实例详细论述课程目标达成度的计算方法。教学实践结果表明,OBE定量化评价方法能根据具体数值给出学生个人、教学班整体各项课程目标的达成度,从而能有效评价学生的学习结果、教师的教学效果,有利于课程教学持续改进。     

Measurement of instructional effectiveness

The problem of measuring instructional effectiveness was examined, and a rationale was offered for employing “student progress on relevant objectives” for this purpose. To assess such progress, it was suggested that instructor ratings of the importance of objectives be combined with student ratings of progress on these objectives. On the basis of this suggestion, data were collected from 708 undergraduate classes at Kansas State University. An analysis of these data resulted in the following conclusions:

1. Faculty members appeared to make reliable judgments of the relative importance of these objectives.
2. Student progress ratings were made with acceptable reliability when there were 20–25 raters. Reliability of the overall progress measure was satisfactory when only 10 raters were used.
3. Students used some discrimination in rating progress on various objectives, but their ratings were also noticeably subject to the halo effect.
4. An indirect test of the validity of class progress ratings yielded positive results.

The proposed method of evaluating instruction appears generally feasible and useful. Its application would provide a practical approach to judging teaching success. Such an approach is essential before investigations can be undertaken of how teaching might be improved.     

Persistence of community college students: The influence of student intent and academic and social integration

This article examines the extent to which social and academic integration and student educational objectives and intents to reenroll are predictive of persistence for community college students. An instrument designed to operationalize the concepts of social and academic integration for four-year college students was largely replicated with the two-year college population. Student educational objectives/intents discriminated most powerfully between persisters and nonpersisters, although academic and social integration and employment status also contributed significantly to differentiating the two groups. The article concludes with a brief discussion about the nature of community colleges and the fact that nonpersistence at the institution may be an indicator of student success if the student has transferred or accomplished his/her goals.     

Validity of student self-reported ratings of learning

This study examined the relationship between individual student self-reported ratings of progress on relevant learning objectives and performance on exams administered during a college course. Across three sections of the same course taught by a single instructor, 188 students rated themselves at the end of the course on two objectives identified by the instructor as either essential or important. They also rated themselves on 10 other objectives the instructor identified as having minor or no importance. Self-ratings on course-relevant objectives correlated significantly and positively with four out of five exams and the course total, whereas ratings on irrelevant objectives did not. Students who rated their progress as either exceptional or substantial generally performed better on course examinations than those who rated their progress as moderate or less. These findings support the validity of student self-reported ratings of learning.     

A Student Portfolio Approach to Conducting Doctoral Social Work Comprehensive Examinations

ABSTRACT

This report describes using a student portfolio approach to the structure and conduct of doctoral-level comprehensive examinations in the field of social work. Portfolios have been used as the primary method (one exception in over 40 students) to conducting social work comprehensive examinations at the author's former university, and this doctoral program appears to be unique in this regard among North American social work programs. The approach to organizing the written and oral components of comprehensive examinations using a portfolio is described, along with some of the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Other doctoral programs are encouraged to include this method as one option in evaluating student readiness to conduct dissertation research and attainment of pedagogical objectives.     

Experience-Based Objectives

Educational objectives focus practice and dictate what happens in US classrooms. Currently, instructional objectives are privileged in K–12 schools over other forms of objectives, thereby marginalizing the implementation of some educational perspectives. We argue that objectives should be expanded to attend to the student experience, promoting a variety of practices to utilize in classroom operations. In so doing, we suggest an addition to the network of objectives: experience-based objectives. We review the history of objectives before presenting experience-based objectives as embodying 5 major shifts in thinking, and as actualized through four criteria.     

Student Scientist Partnerships and Data Quality

The Student Scientist Partnership introduces students to hands-on, minds-on science and provides them an opportunity to participate in a program that is real and important, and also introduces the student to the rigor of science through the focus on data quality. The student has the opportunity to experience and learn the Scientific Method, not just memorize it, to stimulate creative thinking, inquiry based learning, and many other key components of the educational objectives. The scientist should provide skill appropriate scientific inquiry tools that the student uses to help them improve the quality of their data and to understand the science concept being addressed. By making the measurements suggested, and establishing the quality of their data, the student begins the journey of understanding scientific research. The scientist not only uses the student-generated data in their on-going research activities, but also provides higher level information products back to the student. Ultimately, it must be clearly remembered that there are two important but quite different objectives for both the student and the scientist. For the student, the primary objective is the generation of the knowledge of science, while, for the research scientist, the primary objective is the generation of scientific knowledge.     

我国教育技术学本科专业培养目标与学生就业断层因素分析

随着教育信息化的迅速发展,现代教育技术已经成为当今教育改革和发展的制高点和突破口。在上个世纪90年代,教育技术学专业招生就业形势良好,但近几年来,该专业本科毕业生的就业问题日益突显。培养目标在一定程度上能够反映学生的就业情况,而专业课程设置与培养目标是相一致的。文章主要从教育技术学本科专业课程设置的角度,具体分析了我国教育技术学本科专业培养目标与学生就业断层的因素,以期找到当前该专业课程设置等方面存在的问题。     

教学方法浅析

教学方法对于教师实现教学目标意义重大.教师精心组织教学工作、活跃课堂气氛、使师生达到“情感互促“,是有效实施教学方法的保证.教师要在教学实践中不断探索,根据不同的教学目标,多种教学方法有机结合,合理运用,形成自己独特的教学方法.     

Trial and Error: How Student Affairs Staff in Community Colleges Learn to Supervise

Supervisory skills play an important role in individual staff development and the achievement of organizational objectives. These skills are vital to professionals in community college student affairs, who support a diverse student population and a wide array of programming. This study was conducted to describe the kind of supervisory training experience student affairs professionals received. Through interviews with community college student affairs professionals, we found that many experienced a lack of formal training and acquired supervisory skills over time on the job, through trial and error, and from workshops.     

Degree credits,academic learning,and job mobility for adult students through field experience

This paper examines the adaptation of experimental learning modes to the situation of the working adult student who are an increasingly important group on many campuses. Just as the younger student can learn from job situations, so can the adult student. However, there are special situations or problems that are unique to this group. These are illustrated, and methods of designing learning objectives and student, reports are presented.     

新课程标准下情意目标的确立与实践

教学目标是教师专业活动的灵魂,课堂教学的方向,评价教学是否有效的直接依据,学生学习的向导,是有效教学的重要环节。情意目标是教学目标的一个纬度,在新课程标准下情意目标的实践有很大的空间,这里从情意目标的认识、设计调查、反思、达成策略等方面进行论述,以期在教学中对情意目标的实践引起重视。     

Lab Work and Learning in Secondary School Chemistry: The Importance of Teacher and Student Interaction

Laboratory work is considered essential in promoting students’ learning of science and of scientific inquiry. What the students perceive as important to learn from a regular laboratory exercise is probably affected by the teacher’s objectives. We study the extent to which one teacher’s objectives are fulfilled during lab work, and how teacher–student and student–student interactions contribute to developing learning experiences from the laboratory exercise. Do students encounter opportunities to learn in agreement with the teacher’s objectives? This explanatory single case study includes use of a palette of methods, such as pre- and post-interviews, observations and video documentation from an experienced secondary school teacher and her 8th grade (aged 13–14) students’ laboratory work. Our results point to the importance of teacher involvement to help students understand what to look for, how to do it and why. Especially teacher–student interactions during lab work seemed to influence what students perceived as important to learn. In the laboratory exercise in this case, the teacher helped the students to observe and to use their observations in their explanations. The lab work included learning experiences other than those addressed by the teacher, and the teacher’s intentions were partially fulfilled. Not only what the teacher says, but also how the teacher acts is important to help students understand what to learn from a laboratory exercise.     

《混凝土结构设计原理》课程建设

《混凝土结构设计原理》课程是土木工程专业必修的主干课程。阐述该课程的性质及作用,分析课程特点,重点结合应用型人才培养目标,从教师作用、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、考核方法、学生工程素质培养等方面讨论了课程建设过程中的一些改革做法与思考。