壳聚糖/D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐膜的制备和表征

D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和壳聚糖都为甲壳素的衍生物，两者具有良好的相容性，并且D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐具有抗炎、抗反应性等作用，通过两者共混期望减少膜植入后引起的炎症。实验表明，加入D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐后的壳聚糖基膜的降解速度大大提高，比壳聚糖／明胶膜的降解要快。     

丙烯酸十八酯及其聚合物单分子膜性质研究

研究了丙烯酸十八酯、聚丙烯酸十八酯以及丙烯酸十八酯／乙烯基咔唑无规共聚物在气－水界面上的单分子膜性质，发现两种聚合物单分子膜均具有很好的稳定性，采用连续压缩的方法可消除聚合物的松弛特征，获得排列紧密的单分子膜．在聚丙烯酸十八酯分子链上引入咔唑基团可显著改善单分子膜的转移特性，并获得一种含光电功能基团的新型聚合物ＬＢ膜．     

几种甾体性激素类新药

甾体激素类药物大都与天然激素具有相似的化学结构与作用。对于甾体性激素,在药理学教学中一般都介绍得比较简单。但近年来随着计划生育的开展,人们对生育调节的研究日渐深入,有关影响生殖功能药物的作用和应用也增加了很多新内容。本文仅介绍其中已在国内外临床广泛应用,而现行教材中尚未系统叙述的药物,以作补充。 1.地索高诺酮地索高诺酮(clesogestrel)为18-甲炔诺酮的衍生物,在18-甲炔诺酮     

聚邻苯二胺膜修饰电极电催化性能的研究

用电聚合得到聚邻苯二胺膜（Ｐ－ｏ－ＰＤ）修饰电极,研究了其对ＫＩ、Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６、ＦｅＳＯ４、抗坏血酸等体系的电催化作用。实验表明,Ｐ－ｏ－ＰＤ膜具有选择性渗透性能,在其膜内存在一定数量的正电荷,它们对溶液中的阳离子具有排斥作用,而对阴离子具有吸引作用。     

聚吡咯薄膜基底对乳腺癌细胞捕获和释放的研究

介绍了一种基于掺杂生物素聚吡咯膜对乳腺癌细胞的捕获和释放,讨论了电镀电压和时间对细胞捕获效率的影响。利用聚吡咯的优良导电性达到乳腺癌细胞无损坏释放。展望了聚吡咯薄膜在生物和临床研究的生物医学研究趋势。     

第八届药物释放体系最新进展国际会议简介

本文介绍了药物释放体系在组织工程、基因释放、肽和蛋白质释放、靶向和细胞识别以及新型药物释放体系等研究领域的最新进展。展望了多学科交叉渗透及研究与开发相结合的发展趋势。     

胆甾—4,6—二烯—3—酮的合成

以胆固醇为原料，经二甲亚砜－二环己基碳二亚胺系统选择性氧化，生成胆甾－５－烯－３－酮，产率约３３％，胆甾５－烯－３酮经四氯苯酯进一步选择性脱氢生成胆甾－４，６－二烯－３－嘴化合物是合成１μ－羟基维生素Ｄ３的重要中间体。     

基于改进谱聚类算法的生物制药产业专利价值评估研究

有效评估药物专利价值有必要考虑制药基础技术细节以及新药专利保护期限较长的特殊性等有关实际，同时，利用机器学习方法开展专利价值评估的研究仍有待进一步完善，因此，针对生物制药产业专利价值评估准确性问题，结合产业技术因素及其专利特点，以及专利价值评估的共性指标和生物制药产业特征与专利技术特点的个性指标，引入自编码器（AE）模型和谱聚类算法（SC）构建专利价值评估算法模型，以药智专利通数据库的相关专利数据为样本进行实证分析，通过提取专利指标特征、专利聚类来进行专利价值评估，并运用支持向量机方法对专利价值进行分类，以验证AE-SC评估模型的有效性。结果表明：AE-SC评估模型通过自编码器提取专利特征后的专利价值聚类准确度优于谱聚类和传统K-means聚类；专利存在年数、药物专利类型、适应证类别等是评价生物制药产业专利价值必要考虑因素。     

环境敏感药物控制释放专利技术分析

药物控制释放目的是通过延缓药物从制剂中的释放速率从而避免服药初始阶段机体内药物浓度过高的副作用和服药末期阶段药物浓度过低治疗效果不佳的问题。本文通过专利检索和数据统计对国内外环境敏感药物控制释放的专利申请情况进行了分析,采用计量排序、可视化聚类、技术路线等分析方法,揭示了国内外专利申请量的发展现状和趋势,并着重从国内重要申请人东华大学入手,沿着其技术演进路线:材料-组合物-应用-应用材料解析其技术发展脉络,为我国药物控制释放的研发策略及宏观产业政策的指定提供有价值的参考。     

纳米纤维载体与其药物缓释

研制新的药物载体,将纳米纤维作为新的载药体,延长药物在机体的释放速度,减小对机体的副作用,提高生物利用度。     

Sustained release of hydrophobic drugs by the microfluidic assembly of multistage microgel/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle composites

The poor solubility of many newly discovered drugs has resulted in numerous challenges for the time-controlled release of therapeutics. In this study, an advanced drug delivery platform to encapsulate and deliver hydrophobic drugs, consisting of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporated within poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) microgels, was developed. PLGA nanoparticles were used as the hydrophobic drug carrier, while the PEG matrix functioned to slow down the drug release. Encapsulation of the hydrophobic agents was characterized by fluorescence detection of the hydrophobic dye Nile Red within the microgels. In addition, the microcomposites prepared via the droplet-based microfluidic technology showed size tunability and a monodisperse size distribution, along with improved release kinetics of the loaded cargo compared with bare PLGA nanoparticles. This composite system has potential as a universal delivery platform for a variety of hydrophobic molecules.     

Drug Delivery of Hydroxyurea to Breast Cancer Using Liposomes

It is clear that cancer is one of the most mortal diseases in the world and the most prevalent among women is breast cancer. As hydroxyurea (HU)—a drug which is used in chemotherapy—has many adverse effects in long-term despite of its therapeutic properties, we made use of nano drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and increase therapeutic index. Thus, liposomation is a novel way in drug delivery systems. In this study a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was mixed and HU was added to the resultant mixture. The mean diameter of the nanoliposomal HU measured with the Zeta Sizer device (equal to 402.5 nm) and its encapsulation efficiency was 70.8 %. Besides, using dialysis, the pattern of drug release from nanoliposomes has been studied and the results showed that the drug release of nanoliposomal drug within 28 h was equal to 25.85 %. This study showed that the cytotoxicity effect of nanoliposomal drug is more than that of the standard drug.     

农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析

本文基于湖北省农村地区的调查数据,探讨了农户对农膜、农药瓶及化肥包装物等农业生产性废弃物处理方式的选择,并运用Logistic回归模型分析了其影响因素。研究结果表明：农户对农业生产性废弃物资源的回收利用行为主要受到农业收入、农户受教育程度、务农年限、是否参加循环农业相关培训以及是否建立村废弃物集中处理设施的影响。其中,农户受教育程度、农业收入、是否建立村废弃物集中处理设施以及是否参加循环农业相关培训对农户回收行为的影响方向为正;务农年限对农户回收行为的影响方向为负。因此,增加农村废弃物集中处理设施的建立,组织农户参加相关培训,提高农户农业收入以及提升农户的受教育水平,都将引导农户选择科学环保的农业废弃物资源回收处理方式。     

Osmotically driven drug delivery through remote-controlled magnetic nanocomposite membranes

Implantable drug delivery systems can provide long-term reliability, controllability, and biocompatibility, and have been used in many applications, including cancer pain and non-malignant pain treatment. However, many of the available systems are limited to zero-order, inconsistent, or single burst event drug release. To address these limitations, we demonstrate prototypes of a remotely operated drug delivery device that offers controllability of drug release profiles, using osmotic pumping as a pressure source and magnetically triggered membranes as switchable on-demand valves. The membranes are made of either ethyl cellulose, or the proposed stronger cellulose acetate polymer, mixed with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. The prototype devices'' drug diffusion rates are on the order of 0.5–2 μg/h for higher release rate designs, and 12–40 ng/h for lower release rates, with maximum release ratios of 4.2 and 3.2, respectively. The devices exhibit increased drug delivery rates with higher osmotic pumping rates or with magnetically increased membrane porosity. Furthermore, by vapor deposition of a cyanoacrylate layer, a drastic reduction of the drug delivery rate from micrograms down to tens of nanograms per hour is achieved. By utilizing magnetic membranes as the valve-control mechanism, triggered remotely by means of induction heating, the demonstrated drug delivery devices benefit from having the power source external to the system, eliminating the need for a battery. These designs multiply the potential approaches towards increasing the on-demand controllability and customizability of drug delivery profiles in the expanding field of implantable drug delivery systems, with the future possibility of remotely controlling the pressure source.     

蒙脱土—染料修饰电极制备及其对抗坏血酸的催化作用

用蒙脱土制备了蒙脱土/SnO_2/染料(靛蓝胭脂红)化学修饰电极.循环伏安图表明,有机染料分子可以持留在蒙脱上膜中,并显示出电化学活性.用蒙脱土制备的化学修饰电极(CME)可以很大地改进电极反应的稳定性.电活性物在蒙脱土膜中的电化学行为是受扩散控制的.测得扩散系数的数量级为10~(-10)cm~2/s.所制得的蒙脱土/SnO_2/染料化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化显示电催化作用,使它的氧化电位降低了100mV.     

Programmable and on-demand drug release using electrical stimulation

Recent advancement in microfabrication has enabled the implementation of implantable drug delivery devices with precise drug administration and fast release rates at specific locations. This article presents a membrane-based drug delivery device, which can be electrically stimulated to release drugs on demand with a fast release rate. Hydrogels with ionic model drugs are sealed in a cylindrical reservoir with a separation membrane. Electrokinetic forces are then utilized to drive ionic drug molecules from the hydrogels into surrounding bulk solutions. The drug release profiles of a model drug show that release rates from the device can be electrically controlled by adjusting the stimulated voltage. When a square voltage wave is applied, the device can be quickly switched between on and off to achieve pulsatile release. The drug dose released is then determined by the duration and amplitude of the applied voltages. In addition, successive on/off cycles can be programmed in the voltage waveforms to generate consistent and repeatable drug release pulses for on-demand drug delivery.     

Shape controllable microgel particles prepared by microfluidic combining external ionic crosslinking

Alginate microgels with varied shapes, such as mushroom-like, hemi-spherical, red blood cell-like, and others, were generated by combining microfluidic and external ionic crosslinking methods. This novel method allows a continuous fine tuning of the microgel particles shape by simply varying the gelation conditions, e.g., viscosity of the gelation bath, collecting height, interfacial tension. The release behavior of iopamidol-loaded alginate microgel particles with varied morphologies shows significant differences. Our technique can also be extended to microgels formation from different anionic biopolymers, providing new opportunities to produce microgels with various anisotropic dimensions for the applications in drug delivery, optical devices, and in advanced materials formation.     

阳离子染料－蒙脱石化学修饰电极的电化学性质─—与Nafion膜化学修饰电极的比较

用蒙脱石与Ｎａｆｉｏｎ制备了阳离子染料中性红化学修饰电极（ＣＭＥ）．两种ＣＭＥ在支持电解质溶液中有相似的循环伏安行为．蒙脱石ＣＭＥ的峰电流随膜厚增加而增加，而ＮａｆｉｏｎＣＭＥ的峰电流随膜厚增加有所降低．阳离子染料在蒙脱石膜内的扩散系数比在Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜中的扩散系数大一个数量级．阴离子电活性物以及不同的制备方法对两种ＣＭＥ的电化学响应有不同的影响．两种ＣＭＥ在性质上的差异反映了两种膜的微结构与通透性等方面的差别．蒙脱石用作制备化学修饰电极的表面层材料有一定吸引力．     

基于分层模型的苹果种植农户气象灾害适应性行为研究

气象灾害适应性行为已经成为稳定苹果种植户收入,促进苹果产业可持续发展的重要举措。本文利用陕西、山东、甘肃和河南4个苹果主产省的45个村庄与931个农户调查数据,采用分层模型对苹果种植户气象灾害适应性行为进行研究。结果表明：96.67%的样本农户苹果生产受到气象灾害影响,其中85.92%的农户采用了适应性行为,但对包括覆膜、防冻剂等新型适应性措施的采用比例较低;村庄和农户层次的因素共同影响苹果种植户适应气象灾害的行为;村庄层次的苹果种植面积占比、基础设施供给情况,农户层次的户主风险类型、家庭规模、生产特征等因素正向影响农户采取适应性行为,而县年平均温度负向影响农户采取适应性行为;农户采取事前预防性行为和补救性行为的村庄与农户层次的影响因素存在较大差异。     

Refillable and magnetically actuated drug delivery system using pear-shaped viscoelastic membrane

We report a refillable and valveless drug delivery device actuated by an external magnetic field for on-demand drug release to treat localized diseases. The device features a pear-shaped viscoelastic magnetic membrane inducing asymmetrical deflection and consecutive touchdown motion to the bottom of the dome-shaped drug reservoir in response to a magnetic field, thus achieving controlled discharge of the drug. Maximum drug release with 18 ± 1.5 μg per actuation was achieved under a 500 mT magnetic flux density, and various controlled drug doses were investigated with the combination of the number of accumulated actuations and the strength of the magnetic field.