体育需求属性阐释

体育需求不同于体育需要。从经济学角度讲,体育需求包括非经济性的体育需求和经济性的体育需求,两者之间存在着很强的替代关系;群众体育、健身体育中,人们没有直接货币支出的体育需求是生产、消费体育产品的过程,但此类需求不能直接带动经济的增长;体育需求具有弹性、层次性、交叉性等特征。     

大众科学健身的方法与应注意的问题

社会体育是体育的基本环节之一,社会体育在国家宏观政策的影响下,以增强体质、丰富余暇生活、调节社会情感为目的,以形式多样的体育运动,把社会体育方向向前推进。发展社会体育主要是以娱乐健身为目的,在业余时间进行,以社会全体成员为对象的,活动形式多样化。发展群众性的娱乐体育活动,能扩大体育人口,提高人的身体素质和精神素质,丰富广大群众的余暇生活,调节社会感情,预防和治疗职业病或因职业养成的生理缺陷和机能障碍。提出跑走交替、骑车、登楼梯、慢跑、快走等多种全民健身运动途径,并指出不同年龄阶段应注意的运动时间、运动项目及运动量等问题,以期为实现全民健身事业提供理论依据。     

我国农民体育生活方式发展特征研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法对我国农民体育生活方式的发展特征进行研究。结果表明农民体育生活方式的特征有:参加体育锻炼的人数增加与31～50岁年龄阶段的农民主力军的健身状况并没有得到有效改善相矛盾;以现代体育项目为主,农民开始接受城市体育文化和健身手段;农民参与体育活动的场所从私有空间向公共空间转移;大部分农民参加体育活动是自发进行的,农村体育缺乏有效的组织与体育活动严密组织性相冲突;农村体育的发展表现出农村体育文化建设和农民健身行为发展的非同步性;30岁以下青年把参加体育活动作为主要生活方式,青年农民静态活动时间少于身体活动时间;农民体育消费表现出滞后于农民体育参与意识和体育行为发展的矛盾;农民体育消费与收入高度契合,并影响健身手段选择。     

佛山市家庭体育消费状况的调查与分析

采用文献资料分析、问卷调查和数理统计方法,对广东省佛山市的家庭体育消费状况进行了研究.研究结果表明,佛山市家庭体育消费中物质类消费和体育劳务类消费相对较高;体育健身项目上的消费主要集中在羽毛球等室内小球及游泳等项目上;没有时间和缺乏组织、指导等因素是制约家庭体育消费的较大障碍.     

Hurdles for sports consumption? The determining factors of household sports expenditures

The purpose of this article is to explore the determining factors of household expenditures on sports participation. Due to a relatively large amount of zero-expenditures, simple regression methods are not suited. Because of methodological reasons, the two-step Heckman approach is used over the Tobit approach and the Double Hurdle approach. The participation decision (spend money or not) is influenced by sports participation of the parents, family income, education, sports club membership, and sports frequency. Determining factors of the intensity decision (amount of money that is spent on sports participation) are family income, sports participation of parents during their youth, sports club membership, sports frequency, age of youngest child, and household size. Moreover, the results indicate that a two-stage approach is needed because it gives a more in-depth insight in the household spending behavior. For example, higher educated households more often spend money on sports participation. However, this research demonstrates that once higher educated households have decided to spend money on sports participation, the amount of money spent does not differ from lower educated households.     

家庭经济状况对个人健康的影响:体育参与的中介效应

利用中国家庭追踪调查的2016年与2018年的混合截面数据,分析了家庭人均收入、体育参与对个人健康的影响。结论:家庭人均收入、体育参与对个人健康具有显著的正向影响,而且家庭人均收入可以通过影响体育参与进而影响个人健康水平,即体育参与具有明显的中介效应。家庭的食品支出促进了个人健康,而房贷支出抑制了个人健康水平,但是上述两项支出没有显著影响个人的体育参与;个人医疗支付抑制了个人健康水平与体育参与行为,但是医疗支付并不能通过影响体育参与来影响个人健康。针对个人健康的有序logit模型分析可知,家庭人均收入、体育参与对身体健康状态欠佳的居民具有显著负向影响,而对身体状况较好的居民具有显著的正向影响。为促进“健康中国2030”目标的实现,促进健康公平,应该注重提高居民收入水平,减轻居民的医疗负担,普及运动处方,加强运动健身指导。     

Seasonal variation in sports participation

This study explores indicators describing socio-demographics, sports participation characteristics and motives which are associated with variation in sports participation across seasons. Data were drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel which contains detailed information on the sports behaviour of adults in Germany. Overall, two different measures of seasonal variation are developed and used as dependent variables in our regression models. The first variable measures the coefficient of (seasonal) variation in sport-related energy expenditure per week. The second variable measures whether activity drops below the threshold as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results suggest that the organisational setting, the intensity and number of sports practised, and the motive for participation are strongly correlated with the variation measures used. For example, both, participation in a sports club and a commercial facility, are associated with reduced seasonal variation and a significantly higher probability of participating at a volume above the WHO threshold across all seasons. These findings give some impetus for policymaking and the planning of sports programmes as well as future research directions.     

湖北省新农村建设中农民参与体育活动的意愿与态度调查

摘要：采用问卷调查、实地访谈等研究方法，从性别、婚姻状况、年龄结构、经济收入、文化程度、职业身份等6个人口学变量考察了湖北省农民参与体育活动的意愿与态度。结果表明：湖北省农民参与体育活动的主体意识日益增强；农民对发展新农村体育的意愿主要受文化程度、家庭年收入、婚姻状况3个因素的影响，其中文化程度对其影响最大；从农民参与体育活动的意愿与态度来看，男性较女性强，未婚者强于已婚者，离婚或丧偶者最弱，在年龄结构上彰显出“中间小、两头大”的特征，文化程度和家庭年收入状况与之正相关，职业身份则与其存在一定的相关性。提出了加大“农民体育健身工程”的宣传力度、注重培养“消极群体”的积极的体育活动意愿与态度等建议。     

“三民体育”在全民健身中的回归与发展

通过文献资料研究,辨析了"三民体育"的文化内涵,认为"三民体育"是中华体育文化的重要内容,更是开展全民健身的重要途径;随着我国经济社会的发展和文化活动的繁荣,"三民体育"已在全民健身活动中崭露头角,时代呼唤着"三民体育"的回归。建议挖掘和推广"三民体育"项目,积极应用于社会文化、健身、娱乐、休闲等活动中;建立"三民体育"文化实体;利用传统节日、民俗习惯和地域文化开展"三民体育"活动;促进"三民体育"进入校园,传承中华体育文化。     

Exploring the contribution of activity sports tourism to same-day visit expenditure and duration

ABSTRACT

Drawing upon a unique large-scale data source (n=5,004) and motivated by the time allocation model of consumer demand in economics, this paper critically analyses the relationship between the expenditure from, and duration of, same-day visits that comprise a large component of the domestic tourism market in England. It focusses on the contribution of activity sports tourism as a component of same-day visits. Three-stage least squares (3SLS) instrumental variable estimation is employed to account for the simultaneous determination of duration and expenditure as implied by economic theory. Controlling for socio-economic characteristics and general trip behaviours, the research identifies that although total expenditures and trip durations are positively related, there are trade-offs between these when focussing on the direct effects of the activities undertaken. However, accounting for the interrelationship between the duration of visits and the expenditures on them, it is found that walking reduces the expenditures on trips and their duration. Field sports increase them both. No effects are identified for running and cycling, as land-based activity sports tourism, or swimming and water sports, as water-based activity sports tourism. The key drivers of expenditure, which also increase the duration of trips, are visiting attractions and hospitality. The research provides a theoretically informed and empirically robust foundation for a more nuanced and targeted activity sports tourism strategy, which might have implications for how activity sports tourism may contribute to health and well-being and local economic development to better inform tourism planning and policy.     

广州外来工体育参与影响因素与对策研究

采用问卷调查法对广州市外来工体育参与情况进行研究,认为影响外来工体育参与的主要因素是缺乏余暇时间、体育设施严重缺乏、体育健身意识薄弱、经济压力大和政府、社区没有将外来工纳入体育活动对象的范畴之内,提出政府、社区和工厂3方应共同注重培养外来工的体育健身意识、配置体育设施、把外来工纳入城市体育规划之中。     

体育人口形成因素的二项logistic 回归分析

二项logistic回归分析是研究体育人口这种二分类变量与其他变量间关系的较好方法。本文对该方法进行了较为详细的介绍，并用该法研究影响武汉市体育人口形成的因素。结果表明，家庭年体育消费额、年龄、文化程度、职业状况对武汉市体育人口形成有显著影响；个人月收入、家庭人均月收入、每天家务劳动时间等因素对武汉市体育人口形成无显著影响。     

冬季休闲体育与健身

开展冬季休闲体育活动是健身、强体和预防疾病的重要手段之一。冬季休闲体育活动具有促进精神文明与经济的发展,能够强身健体,预防冬季＂心理感冒＂的作用与功能。研究认为冬季休闲体育呈现出社会参与广泛化、大众化和普及化,休闲项目与练习场馆多元化的发展趋势,正在成为人们一种积极的健康生活方式。提出冬季休闲体育与健身应注意积极热身,把握适宜的运动时间,因人而异选择适当运动项目,保持合理的运动量,注意预防疾病等。     

武汉市居民体育旅游消费现状与发展对策

对武汉市居民体育旅游消费进行了调查,从体育旅游人口、消费规模、消费结构等方面对武汉市居民体育旅游消费现状进行了分析,并用扩展线性支出系统模型对武汉市居民体育旅游基本消费需求、边际消费倾向、收入弹性进行了定量分析,提出了促进武汉市居民体育旅游消费增长的对策构想。     

论体育的发展对区域经济发展的促进作用

发展体育对于促进经济发展,增加国民收入方面可以发挥积极的作用。同需要大量资金和技术的其他经济部门相比,通过发展体育来发展区域经济具有较大的优越性。以泉州为例来研究体育的发展对区域经济的影响和作用,对于我国区域经济发展有着重要的借鉴意义。     

Interaction of sedentary behaviour,sports participation and fitness with weight status in elementary school children

Abstract

Even though the effect of single components contributing to weight gain in children have been addressed only limited research is available on the combined association of sports participation, physical fitness and time spent watching TV with body weight in children. Baseline data from 1594 children (809 male; 785 female), 7.1±0.6 years of age participating in a large school-based intervention in southern Germany was used. Height and weight was measured and body mass index (BMI) percentiles (BMIPCT) were determined accordingly. Sports participation and time spent watching TV was assessed via parent questionnaire while fitness was determined via a composite fitness test. Combined and single associations of sports participation, TV time and fitness with BMIPCT and weight status were assessed via ANCOVA as well as logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and sex. A significant interaction of TV time, sports participation and fitness on BMIPCT occurred, despite low correlations among the three components. Further, there was a combined association of sports participation and TV time on BMIPCT. TV time and fitness were also independently associated with BMIPCT. Similarly, only increased TV time and lower fitness were associated with a higher odds ratio for overweight/obesity. These results underline the complex interaction of TV time, sports participation and fitness with BMIPCT. In children, TV time and fitness have a stronger influence on BMIPCT compared to sports participation. Sports participation, however, may not reflect overall activity levels of children appropriately. More research is necessary to examine the complex interaction of various behaviours and fitness with BMIPCT.     

珠江三角洲企业体育的现状及对策研究

对珠江三角洲企业员工的体育现状进行抽样调查,获得了珠江三角洲企业体育的组织机构与管理人员配置、体育经费投入与场馆设施、体育活动的规划与组织运作、体育协会与俱乐部组建、体育人口与体育消费、员工参与体育活动的动机与不参与原因、参与体育活动的时间与地点选择、参与体育活动的形式与项目选择、参与体育活动的次数与运动量情况,并做了系统的分析,指出了珠江三角洲企业体育存在的问题,提出了现阶段发展珠江三角洲企业大众体育的对策与建议。     

陕西省居民体育消费统计指标体系的构建

采用文献资料法、特尔菲法、访谈法等,通过因子分析确立陕西省居民体育消费统计指标体系.包括体育健身活动支出、观赏体育竞赛表演支出、体育用品及体育信息支出、体育消费时间4个一级指标,19个二级指标及众多三级指标.该指标体系已被国家统计局陕西省调查总队用于陕西省城乡居民体育消费调查.     

从火葬习俗看纳西族赛马的起源

畜牧经济、祖先崇拜及送魂习俗的共同作用下,纳西族先民的火葬礼仪形成了献冥马、飞马取死者遗骨、洗马等原始宗教仪式.这些仪式蕴藏着原始的竞争意识,并具备了赛马运动应具有的体育元素和价值,意味着纳西族赛马意识的产生.之后,随着英雄和神灵崇拜的产生,火葬仪式中的洗马仪式演变成对全民进行尚武教育的赛马活动和节庆进行的赛马活动.     

城镇老年人体育生活化的调查研究

运用自行设计的体育生活化调查问卷,从体育健身活动、体育观赏行为和体育消费行为3个维度考察了349名城镇老年人体育生活化水平。结果显示,城镇老年人总体体育生活化水平不高,处于中等水平,主要体现在体育观赏和体育健身活动上,而体育消费最低;个体属性与其体育生活化存在不同程度的正相关,并且对其体育生活化水平的变异有不同程度的解释,其中职业对其解释最大,受教育程度对其解释最小。