视障用户信息查寻行为研究进展述评

[目的/意义] 总结视障用户信息查寻行为研究现状,提出视障用户信息查寻行为研究中值得关注的问题,为以后的研究提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过梳理国内外视障群体信息查寻行为的相关研究成果,在明确相关概念的基础上,对视障用户的信息查寻行为特征、信息查寻障碍和信息查寻行为模型等方面进行归纳和总结。[结果/结论] 现有研究多集中于视障用户日常信息查寻行为;对视障用户的信息查寻行为模型,信息查寻影响因素以及合作信息查寻行为的研究不够深入。     

我国用户信息行为研究进展

通过共词分析、聚类分析和战略坐标图等方法,发现目前国内用户信息行为研究主要集中在信息行为模型、信息意识及信息获取、信息查寻及信息检索、数字图书馆及个性化服务、信息需求及信息服务、信息伦理等领域,并存在如下问题:现有研究集中于对特定信息主体及特定类型信息行为的研究,信息行为的影响因素及研究方法等主题的研究力度不够;定性的理论分析成果较多,基于客观数据的定量研究较少;采用的研究方法单一且规范性不足等.提出信息服务机构如何为用户提供个性化服务以满足用户需求、哪些因素能够影响用户信息行为等是潜在的重要研究领域.     

网络用户信息查寻行为研究述评

从3个方面对国内外网络用户信息查询行为研究领域的主要进展和热点问题进行评介，包括：①网络用户信息查寻行为的相关概念；②主要研究内容，包括用户利用搜索引擎的信息查寻行为研究、特定用户群体信息查询行为研究、用户个体差异对网络信息查寻行为的影响、网络用户信息查寻行为模型的构建；③研究方法，包括查询日志分析法、问卷法、访谈法、观察法、出声思维法。     

国外网络信息查寻行为研究进展

网络信息查寻已成为人们满足信息需求的重要方式,国外已经就用户的网络信息查寻行为展开了许多专门的研究,但是我国在这方面的研究还很薄弱.有鉴于此,本文试图对国外的网络信息查寻行为研究作一回顾和总结,希望为国内有关研究提供一定的参考.     

网络用户信息查寻行为模型构建

首先通过文献调查,分析网络用户信息查寻行为的特点.其次,对国外已有7个典型信息行为模型进行回顾,并从研究关注点、研究视角、研究方法等方面对这几个模型进行比较.再次,结合使用观察法和访谈法,对50名网络用户进行了调查研究,得出一些重要结论.最后,构建网络用户信息查寻行为过程的描述性模型,梳理网络用户信息查寻行为的一般步骤.     

基于用户信息行为的图书馆体验营销策略探析

图书馆体验营销应以用户信息行为过程的主要阶段(信息需求-信息查寻-信息交流-信息吸收)为线索,集中关注读者非逻辑思维形式下,凭兴趣刺激而产生的、具有随机性、波动性的信息行为,并据此制定图书馆体验营销策略--设计体验营销主题,把握用户信息需求;营造特定检索情境,提升信息查寻体验;完善信息交流平台,实现用户体验价值;拓宽信息吸收形式,增强用户感官体验,进而实现图书馆"赢得用户信任、培养用户忠诚、提高资源利用、确立竞争优势"的工作目标.     

用户信息查寻行为的研究——以律师为例

信息查寻行为是指为了满足用户某方面目标的需要而产生的有目的、有意识的信息行为。本研究通过选取律师作为特殊用户的代表,采用调查问卷对32位律师的信息查寻行为进行调查研究,在数据分析的基础上,总结了律师作为一特殊用户群体,他们信息查寻的目的、常用的信息源、紧急的信息需求下的查寻行为。并在此基础上尝试性提出了律师信息查寻过程模型。     

跨学科信息查寻行为研究文献综述

[目的/意义]总结跨学科信息查寻行为研究现状,提出跨学科信息查寻行为研究中值得关注的问题,为今后的研究提供一定的参考。[方法/过程]通过梳理国内外跨学科信息查寻行为的相关理论成果,在明确相关概念的基础之上,对跨学科信息需求、信息查寻渠道、信息查寻障碍、信息查寻行为模型等方面进行归纳和总结。[结果/结论]研究认为,未来跨学科信息查寻行为研究可在以下4个方面开展:①结合已有研究,系统发掘跨学科信息查寻行为的影响因素;②在D.Ellis经典模型的基础上,构建跨学科信息查寻行为模型;③结合创造心理学,探讨跨学科信息查寻对跨学科知识创新的影响;④针对跨学科信息查寻行为特征,改进信息服务。     

日常生活信息查寻研究进展

指出早期用户信息行为研究主要集中在结构化的工作、学习信息查寻行为方面,而日常生活信息查寻行为由于其随机性与高度环境依赖性没有得到足够的重视。从日常生活信息查寻行为的概念界定、行为特征及其影响因素、理论成果与研究框架以及研究方法等方面梳理对该领域的研究进展,凝练出日常生活信息查寻行为研究中值得关注的一些问题,以期能为进一步的研究工作提供参考。     

扎根理论视角下合作信息查寻与检索行为的案例研究

采用出声思维、观察、访谈等方法收集5个真实信息需求语境下群体用户合作信息查寻与检索活动的案例的相关数据,通过扎根理论归纳出合作信息查寻与检索行为的17个主要概念范畴并聚焦为5个核心范畴,对5个案例从主体、情境与行为三个层面展开对比研究并描述合作信息查寻与检索过程。基于对合作相关性判断概念范畴的解析,指出影响群体用户合作相关性判断的5个主要因素,并建构合作信息查寻与检索的相关性判断模型。研究表明:合作信息查寻与检索的相关性判据与个体查寻与检索的相关性判据大致相似,群体交流是两者间的最大差异,语境对形成群体共识具有重要作用。     

Children's information seeking in coping with daily-life problems: An investigation of fifth- and sixth-grade students

Researchers have increasingly paid attention to the personal and emotional growth of youth. However, little research has examined how exactly young people use or seek information for their personal development and growth. The primary goal of this study, therefore, was to explore the students' use of “information seeking” to cope with their day-to-day personal stressors and problems. The sample consisted of 641 children in fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms from an urban public elementary school in Taiwan. Data were collected through semistructured, open-ended surveys. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze the data. This study found that in coping with daily-life problems, nearly two-thirds of the participating children would seek information; that sixth graders were more likely to do so; and that gender did not make information seeking more (or less) probable in this coping context. Findings also revealed some major reasons for children's information seeking in this coping context, for example, to solve problems, to escape, and to find a transition. Finally, five major different information seeking behaviors related to coping emerged from the findings: information seeking for problem solving, information seeking to escape, information seeking for a transition, information seeking to change mood, and information avoidance, which can be used as a platform to develop an explanatory and possibly predictive framework for future studies.     

Health information seeking behaviour during exceptional times: A case study of Persian-speaking minorities in Finland

Literature on minorities' health-related information seeking shows that minorities, like non-minorities, require access to accurate and timely information, but they also need information in a range of languages and from a variety of sources. Health-related information seeking behaviour of Persian-speaking minorities living in Finland, explicitly focused on the COVID-19 pandemic situation, was investigated. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the extended Longo Health Information Model was used as a theoretical lens for analysing the data. The results point to several factors that can improve the outcome of minorities' health-related information seeking behaviours and activities, such as providing information related to their personal health, a deeper understanding of factors influencing the quality of health conditions at the individual or household level and broadcasting the latest health-related information in different languages and emphasize the needs for mental health-related information and services. The findings suggest that not only healthcare providers, immigration officials, and policymakers should be aware of the specific health-related information that minorities require, seek, and use during times of adversity, but also the extent to which how the identified factors influence the process of minorities' seeking health-related information.     

Relationships between information seeking and context: A qualitative study of Internet searching and the goals of personal development

Little research has explored how exactly information processes relate to their context. Context is defined as all those things which are not an inherent part of information phenomena, but which nevertheless bear some relation to these. This article addresses the issue by discussing empirical findings from a study on Internet searching and personal development. The purpose of the article is to construct a general typology for researching the links between information seeking and its context. Grounded analysis of the whole corpus revealed 11 different relationships between Internet searching and the goals of personal development. Because these seem to be quite generalizable to information seeking in other contexts (e.g., parenting or location), too, they were then abstracted into four generic relationships: detachment, unity, direction, and interaction. The classifications are offered as tools for understanding information seeking more contextually and for conducting further research in this area.     

Place,community and information behavior: Spatially oriented information seeking zones and information source preferences

Even in a digitally advanced society, much of our daily lives is based in place, but information behavior research has largely ignored place as theoretically relevant to information behavior. This study explores the implications of a place-based approach to studying information practices, and examines factors that influence information seeking and sharing in place-based communities among parents of individuals with disabilities. Based on qualitative data gathered from 35 parents of individuals with disabilities, it proposes a spatial model of information source preferences based on the theory of information horizons, and discusses implications of the model for future research related to information seeking and places. It also presents substantive place-related findings about local information needs, including discussion of the local parent network as an information seeking system.     

跨源健康信息搜寻的动机、信息源选择及行为路径

本研究旨在探究用户面临多种健康信息源时的跨源健康信息搜寻行为,揭示这类信息搜寻行为的动机、信息源选择和行为路径。结合日记法和半结构化深度访谈法,收集并分析了26名参加者的健康信息搜寻日记及跟踪访谈数据,使用NVivo11分析数据。研究发现医生-用户交流障碍、信任缺失、用户自我调节和用户安全心理的需要是促使跨源健康信息搜寻行为产生的动机。相似病症用户的自我陈述、用户的路径依赖(习惯)、从众心理、信息源的权威性及可信度是影响用户跨源过程中信息源选择的主要因素。此外,用户跨源搜寻健康信息的过程中,其心理需求大于实际需求、凭“感觉”感知网络健康信息质量等特征较明显。本研究构建了跨源健康信息搜寻行为路径模型,研究的结果有助于提升用户健康信息搜寻行为认知,改善其跨源健康信息获取能力,提升其健康信息素养;同时,也为相关部门制定提升公民健康信息素养策略及支持跨源健康信息搜寻行为的信息系统的开发和设计提供了借鉴。     

协同信息搜寻用户情绪影响因素研究——基于自我效能感和任务复杂性

[目的/意义]考察自我效能感与任务复杂性对协同信息搜寻用户情绪的影响,为提升用户信息搜索体验和效率、完善信息搜索系统提供参考。[研究设计/方法]采用模拟实验法,借助一般性自我效能量表(GSES)和情绪自评量表(PANAS)测量自我效能感和情绪体验,研究高/低组自我效能感和低/中/高复杂性任务对协同信息搜寻用户情绪的影响。[结论/发现]自我效能感对协同信息搜寻用户的积极情绪存在显著影响,对消极情绪的影响不显著;任务复杂性对协同信息搜寻用户的积极情绪、消极情绪均不存在显著影响。[创新/价值]对于验证信息行为理论、理解用户信息搜索行为以及完善推送搜索策略具有一定参考价值。     

Rural Libraries- A Comparative Study in Four States of India

Abstract

The role information plays in socio-economic development can not be over-emphasized. People need different types of information in their day-to-day life and their information seeking behaviour also differs from person to person. In India, 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas. The access the rural population has to information sources is very limited. Libraries, in addition to other sources, form a major source of information. However, the libraries in rural areas, as observed from earlier studies, are traditional in nature and not well equipped to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people. Non-existence of library legislation in various states of India is one of the factors which adversely affected the development of a library system. This present study examines the status of rural libraries in four states of India, the information needs of the people in the study area, and their information seeking behaviour. The study also examines the role of the latest IT techniques in improving the present status of rural libraries.

This study concludes that the libraries existing presently in rural areas are in a poor state of affairs. Lack of adequate resources, financial and human, is identified as the major reason for the present status of rural libraries. As far as information needs, a majority of respondents look for information relating to development schemes, employment opportunities, education, health, etc. Mass media including newspaper, TV, and radio are the major sources of information, followed by relatives/friends, and government officials. This study suggests the transformation of existing libraries or establishing a new set up of dynamic information centres with the help of the latest IT to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people.     

Call for Papers

Issues with unemployment, underemployment, and inadequate preparation have raised concerns about what colleges are doing to ready students for post-graduate careers, but little discussion exists regarding students’ roles in the process. Students play active roles in the anticipatory socialization process, so this study examines the factors that influence college students to seek career information from the Internet, using the comprehensive model of information seeking (CMIS) as a framework. Results demonstrated a good fit to the model, with Internet experience exerting the strongest influence on participants’ Internet self-efficacy, perceptions of information source quality, and, in turn, perceptions of information source usefulness and information seeking intentions. However, several proposed paths were not significant, suggesting the need for replication studies and further research. Results provide theoretical support for the CMIS as a viable framework beyond health information seeking and identify multiple practical applications and opportunities for future research on career information seeking.     

网络传播与认知风险:社交媒体环境下的风险信息搜索行为研究

在风险社会中,科技的发展不仅是衡量现代性的核心要素,同时也是催生不确定性的重要原因。社交媒体的发展很大程度改变了风险传播的景观,使得风险认知和媒介信息之间的关系更加复杂。本研究采用问卷调查法对临近核电站建设区域社交媒体用户进行调查,旨在探讨社交媒体环境下的信息对受众风险信息搜索行为的影响。本研究采用结构方程模型的分析方法,从社会认知理论出发考察社交媒体环境中信息的质量对受众反应的作用过程。结果显示信息质量可以通过影响用户的风险认知、风险知识水平和自我效能三个变量影响其风险信息搜索行为,从而证明社交媒体所构建的信息环境会显著作用于人们对于风险的认知和行为反应。本研究的发现期待可以为风险传播中的有效公众沟通策略以及线上风险信息管理提供参考。