基于网络语料库的阅读词汇习得的实证研究

探讨基于网络语料库的语料阅读对中等及中等水平以上英语学习者词汇习得的作用.研究方法是通过教学实验与问卷调查比较语义加工与精细复述这两种不同信息加工方式对实验组与对照组被试者词汇习得的作用.实验结果显示:对于中等及以上外语水平的学习者而言,学习者可以分配一定的心理资源"聚焦于语言形式"从而促进了语言形式加工.基于语料库语料阅读的精细复述显著促进被试者在词汇习得过程中对单词拼写的记忆效果.     

窄式听力对词汇附带习得影响的实证研究

以窄式听力策略为着手点,探讨大学英语听力理解过程中,目标词汇的语义加工类型和词汇类型这两个因素在促成词汇附带习得的作用。基于SPSS完成实验数据分析,实验结果显示,(1)窄式听力策略的培训显著地促进了目标词汇的附带习得效果;(2)有语义加工的显著促进词汇习得;(3)专业词汇的获得要好于学术和低频词汇。     

语义加工与复述对基于语料库的词汇习得的作用

从词汇心理表征的形成与发展这一角度,结合计算机辅助语言教学的其中一个领域--语料库语言学的成果,讨论机械复述与语义加工在英语词汇习得中的作用。通过词汇记忆实验、教学实验、教师行动研究等研究方法,从认知角度研究语料库及其检索方面的成果在外语任务型词汇教学中的实际应用。实验结果显示机械复述在短时记忆中对语言形式加工有显著促进作用而语义加工对词汇在长时记忆中保存也有明显促进作用。结合语义加工与机械复述特点的精细复述在词汇习得中作用显著。     

学习需求分析在商务英语语言习得中的应用

采用专门用途英语（ESP）需求分析的方法对商务英语学习者的信息加工方式、语言能力等个体差异的相互作用进行分析,旨在创设适合商务英语学习者的语言习得语境;通过分析学习者的需求与认知水平与语言能力的相关性,结合ESP需求分析进行教学活动设计,帮助学习者在模拟语境中自然习得商务英语。研究假设学习者的信息加工方式是语言习得的关键变量。教学实验结果显示：学习者的语言水平和学习者信息加工方式之间存在显著相关性;实验组学习者在模拟的语言交际环境中采用语块化的语言输入与聚焦于形的学习策略。有助于平衡语义加工与语言形式的信息加工,实验组受试者在专业词汇与话语能力测试上显著优于对照组受试者。     

认知科学背景下的词汇加工及其深度习得

章试图用基于信息加工观点的认知心理学的思路和方法探讨词汇认知加工，把词汇学习过程作为认知过程来研究。重点分析词汇习得过程中的心理活动和认知过程。提出词汇习得认知机制，即语义变化、隐喻思维和语境效应。同时，强调认知心理分析在词汇教学中的重要性。     

中国英语学习者语音短时记忆与词汇习得关系的实证研究

考察不同水平英语学习者的语音短时记忆与外语词汇习得的关系.结果表明:(1)语音短时记忆对初学者和初中被试具有最强的预测作用.虽然长时语音和词汇-语义知识开始对初中被试的词汇习得具有一定的预测力,但语音短时记忆的预测力仍旧是最强的.(2)长时语音和词汇语义知识则是预测熟练学习者外语词汇习得的唯一因素.由此可见,语音短时记忆与词汇习得之间是一种互相促进的动态发展关系.     

语言输入中“聚焦于形”对大学生英语口语能力的作用

文章以第二语言习得理论与信息加工理论为基础,通过教学实验检验“聚焦于形”对大学生英语口语水平的作用。研究方法是通过对比实验班与对照班被试在英语口语的流利性、准确性和复杂性三个方面的差异。实验结果显示：在语义加工中注重聚焦于语言形式的任务型教学法比以语义加工为中心的任务型教学法能更有效提高大学生英语口语的准确性与语言的复杂性。在教学实验后测试发现注重聚焦于语言形式的任务型语言学习者英语口语水平在准确性与复杂性方面得到显著提高,但在语言的流利性方面,与对照组比较没有明显差异。     

基于修正分级模型(RHM)探究双语字幕对学生词汇习得的影响

本文基于修正分级模型(RHM),试图通过不同种类字幕呈现方式(英文字幕、中文字幕、中英文双语)的视频输入,探查形式表征形式对词汇习得的影响。通过视频加不同字幕的放映形式,本实验对大学英语专业本科随机抽取三个班的学生的词汇习得进行测试。实验数据通过SPSS进行分析,结果表明,呈现方式影响概念表征的形式,进而影响目的语词汇的习得,双语字幕较单一语言字幕的呈现形式,对学习者词汇习得有更加积极的影响。     

第二语言词汇习得的形态加工研究

二语词汇的形态是二语词汇习得中的重要研究内容,也是二语词汇习得研究中词汇的一个重要变量。二语词汇的视觉信息加工过程非常复杂,不同的词汇形态会导致不同的加工方式,从而产生不同的学习效果,形态效应广泛存在于二语词汇习得中,对不同水平的学习者作用各不相同。二语词汇形态的相似处、派生词与屈折词的加工等方面都是二语词汇习得研究的热点。除了二语词汇本身是一个多水平变量,二语词汇学习的效果也受到语言学习本身的综合影响,因此,词频、词汇输入的增显、单词象形等其他因素在词汇研究中也是重点研究的对象,词汇的多模态输入也会影响到二语词汇形态的加工。     

情态记忆模型下的二语词汇习得

词汇习得是二语习得的核心。本文致力于探讨记忆如何影响词汇习得,进而在情态记忆模型中对信息加工理论和记忆结构的进行分析,记忆系统极大地影响着词汇习得效果:读者的记忆能力和信息输入的方式都在词汇习得中有很大作用。在此基础上,本文作者提出了一些词汇习得策略以期能帮助学习者提高语言习得的效率。     

Audience Activity and Reality Television: Identification,Online Activity,and Satisfaction

This study is an examination of audience activity in reality television. This genre was chosen because the program producers encourage activity with Web-based video footage, photos, program summaries and speculations, online discussions, and voting. Hypotheses predicted that audience viewing motives would be significant predictors of identification, online post-exposure activity, and satisfaction. In general, the study's hypotheses were supported. Identification was predicted by watching for social learning and cognitive and emotional involvement. Engaging in online activity after watching was predicted by elaboration and feeling negative emotion. Viewing satisfaction was predicted by viewing motive; cognitive and emotional involvement; and, surprisingly, less online activity after watching.     

Relevant prior knowledge moderates the effect of elaboration during small group discussion on academic achievement

This study set out to test whether relevant prior knowledge would moderate a positive effect on academic achievement of elaboration during small-group discussion. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, 66 undergraduate students observed a video showing a small-group problem-based discussion about thunder and lightning. In the video, a teacher asked questions to the observing participants. Participants either elaborated by responding to these questions, or did not elaborate, but completed a distraction task after each question. They received either relevant or irrelevant prior knowledge before the discussion. After the discussion, all participants studied a text about thunder and lighting and completed immediate and delayed-recall tests for this text. Elaboration had no main effect on recall, but there was a significant interaction effect between relevant prior knowledge and elaboration. The results suggest that elaboration is helpful for students with more prior knowledge, but harmful for students with less prior knowledge.     

Conceptual change through vicarious learning in an authentic physics setting

Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account students’ alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine how well students of quantum mechanics could learn ‘vicariously’ by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic, and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p < .01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video.     

Infants’ and Young Children's Imitation of Linguistic In‐Group and Out‐Group Informants

Although children can use social categories to intelligently select informants, children's preference for in‐group informants has not been consistently demonstrated across age and context. This research clarifies the extent to which children use social categories to guide learning by presenting participants with a live or video‐recorded action demonstration by a linguistic in‐group and/or out‐group model. Participants’ (N = 104) propensity to imitate these actions was assessed. Nineteen‐month‐olds did not selectively imitate the actions of the in‐group model in live contexts, though in‐group preferences were found after watching the demonstration on video. Three‐year‐olds selectively imitated the actions demonstrated by the in‐group member regardless of context. These results indicate that in‐group preferences have a more nuanced effect on social learning than previous research has indicated.     

有、无字幕两种版本的不同观看顺序对视频理解效果的实证研究

多媒体技术的发展使英文电影赏析成为促进大学英语教学的有效手段,而英文字幕也成为一种有效的用于提高EFL学生的视频理解水平的工具。通过测试和访谈,文章探讨了字幕对EFL学生视频理解的影响以及有、无字幕的两种版本不同的观看顺序对学生视频理解的不同效果,并提出教师应根据学生的不同特点,科学合理地把字幕运用于教学的观点。     

The Role of Emotion in Informal Science Learning: Testing an Exploratory Model

Although there is substantial research on the effect of emotions on educational outcomes in the classroom, relatively little is known about how emotion affects learning in informal science contexts. We examined the role of emotion in the context of an informal science learning experience by utilizing a path model to investigate the relationships among emotional arousal, valence, attention, environmental values and learning outcomes. Sixty undergraduate and graduate students participated in one of two treatments consisting of watching an exciting or neutral nature documentary video, reading an associated narrative, and taking a post‐test. Our findings suggested that higher emotional arousal, less pleasant feelings about the content, and stronger environmental values led to greater short‐term learning outcomes. We discuss our findings in relation to current understandings of emotion and learning in informal science education settings.     

Flipped Instruction in a High School Science Classroom

This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study examining the effectiveness of flipped instruction in a 9th grade biology classroom. This study included four sections of freshmen-level biology taught by the first author at a private secondary school in the Pacific Northwest. Using a block randomized design, two sections were flipped and two remained traditional. The quiz and posttest data were adjusted for pretest differences using ANCOVA. The results suggest that flipped instruction had a positive effect student achievement, with effect sizes ranging from +0.16 to +0.44. In addition, some students reported that they preferred watching video lectures outside of class and appreciated more active approaches to learning.     

基于视频观看轨迹的难度感知诊断方法

翻转课堂、混合课堂等新型教学模式的出现,让学生可以通过在线视频提前预习知识。但是,在这种非面对面的课堂,教师无法观察到学生观看视频的状态,不易识别预期的教学难点与学生在视频学习过程中实际感知到的难点是否一致。为解决这一问题,文章通过采集学生预习视频时的交互行为数据还原学生的视频观看轨迹,采用聚类分析法来诊断学生预习视频时感知到的实际难点;同时,通过对在线测试答题正确率进行分析得到的结论、半结构化访谈中学生对视频学习难易度的反馈分别与对学生视频观看轨迹进行聚类得出的结论进行对比,发现结果趋于一致,由此验证了文章提出的难度感知诊断方法的可行性与有效性。难度感知诊断方法依靠客观行为数据更加精准地掌握学生的学习难点,为提高课堂教学效率提供了有力保障。