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在能源与环境双重压力下,医疗废物处理问题已成为当今国际公认的难题,而开展医疗废物管理审计有利于解决现阶段医疗废物处置机构可持续发展存在的困境,提高医疗废物管理和处置水平。文章分析了我国医疗废物管理审计现状,探讨了医疗废物管理审计的重点和具体内容。 相似文献
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随着全世界核技术的发展,核废物的处理成为限制核能发展的重要因素之一。本文通过分析对比现有的放射性核废物处理技术与方法,旨在寻找出科学合理的核废物处理途径,为核废物处理的发展找到方向。本文主要介绍了后处理、固化、地质处置、嬗变、自由电子激光等核废物处理途径。根据目前的核能技术现状,各国普遍采用的方法仍然是地质处置,但是,嬗变及自由电子激光很可能成为以后核废物处理的发展方向。 相似文献
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为全面覆盖医疗废物产生源,降低医疗废物暴露的危害,提出医疗废物三层回收网络结构,并构建三层回收网络优化模型。模型以最小化总回收成本为目标,总回收成本包括中转站固定成本、医废接收成本以及医废转运成本。运用LINGO软件包对模型第一层进行求解,第二层和第三层用遗传算法进行求解。最后,通过算例验证模型及算法的有效性。 相似文献
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我国已经形成较为完整的核工业体系,但随着核能的发展,产生和积存的放射性废物总量不断增多,放射性废物的处置能力与核能的发展不相匹配,废物超期贮存所引起的安全、社会和环境等问题日益突出。通过对美国、法国等核电装机容量高、在放射性废物处置方面有着丰富经验的国家进行调研分析,分别从政策及立法、监管及实施、资金筹措及激励措施3个方面将我国放射性废物管理体系与国际进行对比,给出对我国放射性废物管理体制与机制的经验启示,并提出了完善我国放射性废物管理体制与机制的建议。 相似文献
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提出了一个静态一般均衡模型。模型涉及材料的开发、生产、消费、废物循环和废物处理多个阶段。产品主要是由可循环材料和不可循环材料组成,产品的"可循环性"是体现绿色设计的变量。在竞争性的市场体系中,在要素市场平稳运行的条件下,市场有能力形成有效率的材料和"可循环性"的配置。当某些要素市场失灵时,政府需要进行干预来重建效率。着重讨论了废物处理市场失灵的情况下,政策重建效率的经济政策。 相似文献
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The European Union's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive makes a challenging case for transition theory and its different aspects, as it represents an ongoing and still open-ended case. At present the objectives of the directive are not met: the amount of electronic waste is increasing, and the resulting waste is poorly managed. With its starting point in the multi-level perspective of transition theory, this case study analyzes how the outcome of the WEEE directive is constituted in the interplay between the somewhat detached regimes of electronics and waste management. The two regimes are described and analyzed together with the underlying regulatory principle of extended producer responsibility, which has guided the design of the directive. Conflicting interpretations of sustainability, in combination with a simplistic understanding and agency introduced from the top-down, has eliminated waste minimization as the main outcome of the directive. The concluding discussions raise the issues of the role of sustainable niche initiatives in electronics compared to multi-regime interaction. Guiding visions may need to be supplemented with other alignment devices in order to support co-evolution of regimes and coherent actions within transition processes. 相似文献
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生物废弃物的科学处理是保障生物安全的重要手段之一。以欧美生物废弃物管理为研究对象,从法律法规和标准两个方面重点剖析欧美生物废弃物处理的要求及特点,结果表明欧美在生物废弃物的管理上都有可操作性强的特点,但在管理形式上各具特色:欧盟较为注重流程化和整体规范性;而美国注重差异性,强调各特色研究机构建立适合自身要求的规范。在此基础上,结合欧美生物废物处理的特点,提出我国生物废物处理的相关建议。 相似文献
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Kabekode V.S. Bhat 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1982,313(5):299-312
In this paper we pursue the graph theoretic approach to the switching function minimization problem which is still important in view of today's technological innovations such as programmable logic arrays. We use switching functions graphs (SFG) for studying the structure of switching functions and the minimization problem. The graph theoretic interpretation of the classical minimization problem leads to an alternative and powerful approach to logic design that is suitable for computer implementations. The approach is particularly useful in the analysis and design of suboptimum algorithms for minimization of arbitrarily complex switching functions arising in practice for which exact algorithms are known to be computationally intractable. A few graph theoretic algorithms leading to minimization of switching functions are presented and examples indicating the power of our approach, and algorithms are worked out. Further work needed in the area is indicated. 相似文献
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本文主要阐述了XQuery对XML查询优化的相关内容,主要涉及的技术包括最小化、XML代数、索引技术、倒排列表、选择估计、重写机制等。本文阐述了其中基于多数据源的重写算法的具体思想和核心算法。 相似文献
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Kabekode V.S. Bhat 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1981,311(3):171-185
In this paper, we present a consistent theory for the minimization of fuzzy functions given in disjunctive normal form by studying the structure of such functions. An O(N2) time algorithm is given for minimization of a fuzzy function consisting entirely of elementary phrases. The minimal form in this case is shown to be unique (i.e., the minimal form consists of a unique set of phrases). By introducing the notion of standard complex minterms and standard minterms a tabular method is presented and illustrated for the minimization of a disjunctive normal form consisting of entirely complex phrases. The method resembles the well-known Quine-McCluskey tabular procedure for Boolean function minimization. The minimal form in this case may not be unique in general. Finally, the approach is extended for the case of minimization of an arbitrary disjunctive normal form consisting of both elementary as well as complex phrases. 相似文献
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为研究不同污染物处理过程中清洁生产技术的差别,以现有环境技术效率的研究为基础,提出工业清洁生产技术效率概念,并基于非期望产出角度的SBM模型,评价我国除西藏外30个省市的工业清洁生产技术效率。研究表明,在我国废水、废气和固废处理过程中,工业清洁生产技术效率存在着显著差异,其中工业废水处理过程中的清洁生产技术效率整体水平最高且发展趋势最好;由区域和省域分析可知,各地区不同污染物处理过程中,工业清洁生产技术效率差异明显,不仅需要分地区制定污染物处理控制政策,还需要针对不同种类污染物的控制情况采取相应措施。 相似文献
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从浪费的概念与内涵出发,借助现代质量管理理论和方法系统分析了质量问题是各种浪费现象的重要成因,从统计技术的角度描述了波动与企业不良质量损失和浪费的关系。提出综合运用各种先进的管理理论和技术手段消除偏差,减少波动和建立稳健的过程(无论是制造过程还是非制造过程)是消除浪费的有效途径,并探讨了6西格玛质量管理理论对消除质量损失浪费的理论价值和实际指导意义。 相似文献