羽毛球多球练习对高校体育专业学生身体机能特征的研究

本研究主依据运动生理学、运动解剖学等理论,对学生身体机能结构的再认识,并且采用了多种研究方法,例如：文献资料法、问卷调查法、测试法、逻辑论证法与数理统计法等,对高校体育专业学生的体能系统进行了全方位的审视;对高校体育专业学生的多项身体机能指标的测试,运用分层逐步回归筛选出了能反映学生身体机能水平指标。对影响学生体能训练的、方法与原则进行综合整体研究,从而对高校体育专业的学生身体机能的训练提供依据。     

华北水利水电学院大学生体质现状调查与研究

采用资料分析的方法,对我院2001-2003级大学生体质健康测试结果中的6项形态、机能、素质的指标进行了分析.结果表明,随着年级的升高,大学生身体形态指标总体呈上升趋势,而机能和素质指标除个别指标略有提高外,其余均呈下降趋势.     

四周有氧运动对肥胖青少年体质的影响

目的探讨四周中小强度有氧运动对肥胖青少年的减肥效果以及对其身体形态、身体机能和身体素质的影响.方法以参加封闭式暑期减肥运动营的肥胖青少年48名作为研究对象,测定相关身体形态指标、身体机能指标和身体素质指标.制定个性化的运动处方,四周实验后比较各项指标的变化.结果四周有氧运动后肥胖青少年身体形态指标和身体机能指标显著下降;下肢蹬踏爆发力、右手握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立等身体素质指标均显著改善.结论中小强度长时间有氧运动,对于肥胖青少年具有良好的减肥作用,不仅可以降低其体重、体脂率等身体形态指标,同时还提高了心血管系统的机能,明显改善肥胖青少年的身体素质,对青少年的成长起到良好的促进作用.     

近三年来安顺市大学生身体形态及生理机能现状调查与分析

本文以安顺市两所高校三年来的体质健康数据对安顺市大学生身体形态及生理机能两个指标进行研究分析,旨在明确了解安顺市大学生在近三年来的身体形态及生理机能的变化情况,并且通过年度的两两对比检测年度间身体形态及生理机能两个指标的差异性。     

对学生大脑机能的探讨

人的大脑机能能力和心理因素，应作为评价健康的重要指标，试对重点高中学生大脑机能能力进行了测试与分析。     

不同体重水平对我国民航青年飞行员身体机能及身体素质的影响研究

民航青年飞行员的健康状况直接影响着航空运营安全以及民航业的可持续发展。对我国不同体重水平民航青年飞行员的身体机能和身体素质指标间的关系进行研究,可以揭示不同体重水平对民航青年飞行员身体机能和身体素质指标的影响程度,从而为探索人体机能指标间的关系、自身变化规律,以及为民航局修订《飞行人员体育锻炼标准》提供数据参考和实验依据。     

对高海拔地区大学生体质健康状况的研究

通过对青海地区大学生身体素质的多项指标测试成绩平均值与全国标准平均值进行对比分析;对身体素质与机能的各项指标均值差异t检验．结果表明：青海高海拔地区大学生身体素质发展不均衡,身体机能有所下降．     

大同市老年人血液相关指标健康状况的调查分析——以矿区“红歌协会”男性成员为例

目的探讨运动对老年人身体机能及部分血液指标的影响,为改善老年人身体状况提供科学的依据。方法通过分组实验,测定运动组与非运动组老年男性血压、肺活量、血脂、血常规、血流变等相关指标进行比较。结论长期坚持运动有助于改善老年人身体状况,有效降低老年人出现心血管疾病机率。     

有氧健身操对青年女性身体形态和心肺机能的影响

对坚持参加三个月健美操锻炼的青年女性受试者锻炼前后身体形态指标和心肺机能指标进行测试,结果显示:3个月有氧健身操练习能明显改善青年女性的身体形态和生理机能,表明每周3次,每次40-60分钟,持续三个月的有氧健身操锻炼方案能对青年女性的身体围度和心肺机能产生良好影响.     

2005年河北省不同经济地域间国民体质机能指标研究

通过对2005年河北省国民体质监测中获得的代表不同经济地域的三市——石家庄、沧州、承德各类人群的国民体质机能的原始个案指标数据进行分析,揭示国民经济、社会发展对国民体质机能指标的影响,为进一步推动河北省的全民健身计划、全面构建和谐社会提供理论依据.     

DIF Detection and Effect Size Measures for Polytomously Scored Items

Data from a large-scale performance assessment ( N = 105,731) were analyzed with five differential item functioning (DIF) detection methods for polytomous items to examine the congruence among the DIF detection methods. Two different versions of the item response theory (IRT) model-based likelihood ratio test, the logistic regression likelihood ratio test, the Mantel test, and the generalized Mantel–Haenszel test were compared. Results indicated some agreement among the five DIF detection methods. Because statistical power is a function of the sample size, the DIF detection results from extremely large data sets are not practically useful. As alternatives to the DIF detection methods, four IRT model-based indices of standardized impact and four observed-score indices of standardized impact for polytomous items were obtained and compared with the R ² measures of logistic regression.     

Why might relative fit indices differ between estimators?

Previous research indicates that relative fit indices in structural equation modeling may vary across estimation methods. Sugawara and MacCallum (1993) explained that the discrepancy arises from difference in the function values for the null model with no further derivation given. In this study, we derive explicit solutions for parameters of the null model. The null model specifies the variances of the observed variables as model parameters and fixes all the covariances to be zero. Three methods of estimation are considered: the maximum likelihood (ML) method, the ordinary least squares (OLS) method, and the generalized least squares (GLS) method. Results indicate that ML and LS yield an identical estimator, which is different from GLS. Function values and associated chi‐square statistics of the null model vary across estimation methods. Consequently, relative fit indices using the null model as the reference point in computation may yield different results depending on the estimation method chosen. An illustration example is given and implications of this study are discussed.     

Mesoscopic analysis of the utilization of hardening model for a description of softening behavior based on disturbed state concept theory

Mesoscopic characteristics of a clayey soil specimen subjected to macroscopic loading are examined using a medical-use computerized tomography （CT） instrument. Disturbed state concept （DSC） theory is based on the utilization of the hardening model. DSC indirectly describes material behavior by claiming that the actual response of the material is expressed in terms of the relative intact （RI） response and the fully adjusted （FA） response. The occurrence of mesoscopic structural changes of material has similarities with the occurrence of a macroscopic response of the material under loadings. In general, the relative changing value of a softening material is three to five times more than that of a hardening material. Whether special zones exist or not in a specimen cross section does not affect the following conclusion： hardening material and softening material show mechanical differences with CT statistical indices values prominently changing, and the change is related to the superposing of a disturbance factor. A new disturbance factor evolution function is proposed. Thus, mesoscopic statistical indices are introduced to describe macroscopic behavior through the new evolution function. An application of the new evolution function proves the effectiveness of the amalgamation of a macroscopic and a mesoscopic experimental phenomenon measurement methods.     

对高职院校学生体质健康状况的测试与研究

通过测量法、数理统计等研究方法,对连云港职业技术学院07级学生的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质三项指标进行测量、统计、分析研究,结果表明：学生体质健康状况处于中等水平,体质发展不均衡,前臂及手部力量和下肢爆发力较强,耐力素质较好身体匀称度欠佳,超重和肥胖问题比较突出,学生的肺通气功能较差,心肺功能较弱,出现这种现象的主要原因是学院体育课程的设置不够合理,没有真正做到以学生为主体;其次,学生没有真正理解体质测试的意义,对体质测试的重视程度不够。为改变目前这种状况,更好地提高学生的健康水平,应该转变教学观念,树立“以人为本、健康第一”的指导思想;重视教学方法的创新和学生学习兴趣的培养;改善体育课程设置,改进和完善体育考核办法。     

贸易互补性比较优势指数的对比研究—以福建为例

综述我国贸易互补性比较优势的研究成果,研究贸易互补性比较优势各类指数之间的隶属和并列关系,并以福建1996-2005年进出口贸易额的统计数据,进行了平均值、最大值、最小值、峰度等基本统计分析,在此基础上,运用EV iews4进行序列相关分析,通过3种检验方法解释了序列相关程度,说明各种指数的适用性,提出贸易互补性指数作为核心指数并配合其他指数进行分析的方法,以及运用这一方法的注意事项。     

An Application of Item Response Theory in the Comparison of Four Conventional Item Discrimination Indices for Criterion-Referenced Tests

Several recent papers have argued for the usefulness of item response theory (IRT) methods of assessing item discrimination power for criterion-referenced tests (CRTs). Conventional methods continue to be used more widely, however, for reasons that include some practical constraints associated with the use of IRT methods. To provide users with information that may help them to decide on which conventional indices to employ in evaluating CRT items, Spearman rank-order correlations were computed between IRT-derived item information functions (llFs) and four conventional discrimination indices: the phi-coefficient, the B-index, phi/phi max, and the agreement statistic. The rank-order correlations between the phi-coefficient and the llFs were very high, with a median of .96. The remaining conventional indices, with the exception of phi-over-phi-max, also correlated well with the IIF. Theoretical explanations for these relationships are offered.     

民间体育游戏对幼儿身心健康影响的实验研究

将渗入民间幼儿体育游戏的教学和按教育部幼儿园体育教学大纲的教学加以对比，发现幼儿园体育教学时，选用相当量的民间体育游戏的教学和按教育部幼儿园体育教学大纲进行的教学对增强幼儿身体形态、机能、身体素质和心理健康等方面的效果是同等的，且前者在多个方面的指标优于后者。     

A COMPARISON OF SELECTED SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS MEASURES BASED ON LONGITUDINAL DATA1

The purpose of this study was to compare nine school effectiveness indices computed by five different methods from longitudinal data. The data consisted of Total Reading scores from the Metropolitan Primary II Achievement Test administered to third-graders in 70 elementary schools. The various school effectiveness indices differed somewhat from one another and had different correlational patterns with other variables. Further, most of the school effectiveness indices were highly stable across samples. The methods should be tried out in schools of reputed quality, so that the validities of the various indices can be studied. The stabilities of the various school effectiveness indices over time should also be studied.     

The Impact of Noninvariant Intercepts in Latent Means Models

Latent means methods such as multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) and structured means modeling (SMM) allow researchers to determine whether or not a significant difference exists between groups' factor means. Strong invariance is typically recommended when interpreting latent mean differences. The extent of the impact of noninvariant intercepts on conclusions made when implementing both MIMIC and SMM methods was the main purpose of this study. The impact of intercept noninvariance on Type I error rates, power, and two model fit indices when using MIMIC and SMM approaches under various conditions were examined. Type I error and power were adversely affected by intercept noninvariance. Although the fit indices did not detect small misspecifications in the form of noninvariant intercepts, one did perform more optimally.