协同创新背景下高校科研管理机制探析

目前,我国高校科研管理工作存在着科技资源共享机制和科技成果转化机制不完善、科研评价体系不合理等不足。在协同创新背景下,高校科研管理机制改革是提高高校创新能力的基本保障和必然要求,是汇聚创新要素的重要途径。应当通过构建科研管理新体系、搭建创新平台、制定科学的科研评价体系和完善激励机制等措施来创新我国高校科研管理机制。     

高校青年教师科研弱势的成因与对策研究

由于高校科研经费分配不均衡、资源配置主要以行政权力为中心、科研评价机制不合理、科研缺乏有效的组织主体、个人科研素质不高等原因,造成许多青年教师科研上处于弱势地位。高校必须加大对青年教师的科研经费的投入,建立合理的科研评价机制,创造良好的科研环境,促进青年教师的科研进步．     

我国药学学科科研竞争力评价研究

科研竞争力是指在竞争中获取资源的能力,影响高校的整体水平。对药学学科的科研竞争力进行评价,有助于了解我国药学学科的科研水平,诊断药学学科在科研中存在的问题,从而提高药学学科的整体科研能力。文章基于我国159所高校的调研数据,通过对初设指标进行系统聚类和主成分分析,建立高校药学科研竞争力评价模型。然后利用建立的模型,对全国拥有药学学科硕士点的高校进行评价和排名。最终发现,北京协和医学院、中国科学院大学、中国药科大学、北京大学、沈阳药科大学在药学这一学科上拥有较强的科研竞争力。     

我国高校主要评价体系的简要比较和分析

随着我国对创建世界一流大学的重视,大学的评价体系也受到越来越多的关注。国内高校和科研院所先后推出了不同版本的大学排行榜,如上海交通大学刘念才教授等主持的《世界大学学术排行》(ARWU),主要对世界各地的大学根据学术表现进行评价和排名;广东管理科学研究院武书连主持的《中国大学评价》,主要对国内研究型大学根据综合表现进行评价;武汉大学中国科学评价研究中心的世界大学科研竞争力评价,针对世界研究型大学的科研能力和表现分别进行综合评价和分学科排名;浙江大学徐小洲教授负责的国际大学创新力评价研究,主要针对从世界各地选取的知名大学的创新能力进行客观评价和排名。国内这四种由高校或科研院所主导的大学排名,由于各自评价体系的侧重点存在较大差异,其结果往往大相径庭。     

地方高校科研:外部评价体系重构与内部激励机制改革

当前,我国大学科研外部评价体系存在着诸多对地方高校适用性问题与不足,地方高校内部自身科研评价及激励制度也存在诸多不合理的地方。面对新时代,必须进一步深化体制机制改革,建立以促进科技成果转化为导向的地方高校评价及激励机制新生态:一是要以教育部提出的关于分类科技评价改革的意见为指导;二要建立适合地方高校自身特点的评价体系;三是评价体系要以促进科技成果转化为导向;四要进一步完善与发展地方高校内部科研奖励制度。     

从科研视角看省属高师院校的生存与发展

提升科研整体水平是省属高师院校普遍面临的重要工作之一,科研能力与水平欠缺使省属师范院校在高校排名和教学评估等质量评价中面临很大的压力。本文通过课程设置、教学内容、指导毕业论文和试卷质量等教学环节的思考,指出教师及学校整体上的科研水平是提高教学水平的根本,是省属高校的立足之本。     

地方高校科学研究发展制约因素分析及对策探讨

文章阐述了地方高校科学研究发展的重要性;指出地方高校科学研究发展的制约因素是对科学研究定位不科学、资源配置不合理及科研管理机制不健全;地方高校可综合地方社会发展需求、地方资源开发及科研与教学互动出发来对科研定位;从优化科研经费配置和人力资源配置来优化资源配置;从建立研究机构、科研平台及完善学术评价体系来建立健全科研管理机制。     

高校哲学社会科学研究评价有望改进

教育部日前下发《教育部关于进一步改进高等学校哲学社会科学研究评价的意见》,要求进一步改进高校哲学社会科学研究的评价,反对各种简单化的科研排名,维护哲学社会科学研究评价的严肃性。《意见》指出,在高校哲学社会科学研究评价工作中,注重理论创新和实际应用价值的质量评价导向有待     

高校科研团队考核评价机制研究

科研团队是高校科研的主要力量。公平合理的科研考核会激励科研团队创新,但现实中,科研团队评价存在评价指标不全面不合理、行政干预科研、团队临时搭建不稳定等问题。这无法有效激励科研团队,又使得团队成果收益分配不均,打击团队内部科研创新积极性。为此,亟待改进完善科研团队考核评价机制,重视学科创新差异,实行多元化成果评价制度;注重质量与研发过程,扩大监督学术成果范围;加强团队建设,健全团队领导机制。     

高校科研团队考核评价机制研究北大核心CSSCI

科研团队是高校科研的主要力量。公平合理的科研考核会激励科研团队创新,但现实中,科研团队评价存在评价指标不全面不合理、行政干预科研、团队临时搭建不稳定等问题。这无法有效激励科研团队,又使得团队成果收益分配不均,打击团队内部科研创新积极性。为此,亟待改进完善科研团队考核评价机制,重视学科创新差异,实行多元化成果评价制度;注重质量与研发过程,扩大监督学术成果范围;加强团队建设,健全团队领导机制。     

Professors' Views on the Influence of Arab Society on Science and Technology

This study investigated types of societal agents and the nature of their influence on Science and Technology (S&T) from Arab University professors' standpoint. Thirteen items from VOSTS instrument, developed by Aikenhead, Ryan, and Fleming (1989), were modified and used in this study. Five more items were developed by the researcher to meet the purpose of the study. The instrument was administered to 64 university professors at the Faculties of Science, Engineering, Agriculture, Medicine, Humanities and Social Sciences, and Education. The results showed that out of the four societal agents (government, the private sector, the public at large, and culture) identified by McGinn (1991) the first and the last have the most potent influence on S&T in the Arab world. The study also found that the influences of the Arab culture on S&T have positive and negative nature. Positive influences are cultural, political or economic. Positive cultural influences are: the promising role in reviving ijtihad ³ to encourage researchers to study and understand nature, the placed emphasis by Islam on the importance of pursuing knowledge, and international competition. Political and economic positive influences are the Arab people's intent to be in position equivalent to developed cultures regarding S&T and Arab states efforts in preparing researchers in different areas. Negative influences are also cultural, political, or economic. For example, forcing taqlid ⁴ in different aspect of life is a damaging cultural influence. Political and economic negative influences include little or no research funding, bureaucracy, heavy dependence on imported scientific and technological products, and brain drain. The study recommended the following: (1) to revive the concept of ijtihad to encourage developments in S&T; (2) to provide children with adequate conditions and resources to acquire good background in S&T in a way that considers students' world view; (3) to ensure enough financial resources for instituting S&T; (4) to empower Arab universities to participate effectively in instituting S&T; and (5) to unify Arab states efforts to establish a strategic plan for instituting S&T.     

Understanding the performance of universities to promote technological innovation and transformation: An application to China based on a new network data envelopment analysis cross-efficiency model

When evaluating the performance of Research and Development (R&D) and Scientific and Technological (S&T) transformation activities in universities, the existing studies do not contain prior strategy analysis and inequality analysis. In this regard, prior strategy reflects the relative attention paid by universities to R&D and S&T transformation activities, while inequality analysis assists us in better understanding technological inequality in efficiency across universities. Additionally, this study contributes to the existing literatures by proposing new concepts of window-based cross-efficiency, window-based relative weights and a network Data Envelopment Analysis model. Our framework is able to evaluate the efficiency, perform priority analysis and identify the sources of technological inequality. Empirically, this study focuses on universities in Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2019. This study is of high policy practice, since it provides policy makers with how each university has performed during the examined period and what are the underling factors driving efficiency changes.     

浙江省企业科技人员继续教育和培训探究

企业科技人员的继续教育对企业的技术创新具有重要作用。目前浙江企业科技人员继续教育和培训存在经费支持力度不够、政策法规执行不力、缺乏个性化安排及有效的评价和激励机制、社会力量办学缺失等问题。可以从经费支持、立法保障、政府干预、社会参与、依托高校、开展个性化教育6个方面进行改革，尤其是要在开展个性化继续教育上有所创新。     

我国高校科技成果转化中存在的问题及对策

在我国科技资源的布局中，高校占据着相当重要的位置。高校人才荟萃，承担大量的科研课题，多年来已积累了大量的科研成果。但是由于受到各种主客观条件的制约，我国高校科技成果转化率一直以来都远远低于发达国家水平。针对这一现状。文章分析了我国高校科技成果转化中存在的主要问题，并提出具体解决问题的对策。     

中国大学科技园的发展与创新

中国大学科技园的建设至今共经历了初创、成长和高潮三个发展阶段,在推动我国高校科技成果转化,发展高科技、实现产业化,减轻就业压力方面发挥了重要作用.针对当前我国大学科技园发展中存在的定位不够明确、现代企业制度尚未完全建立和动机过于功利化、投融资渠道不畅等突出问题,应对大学科技园进行准确定位,以市场为导向进行企业化经营和产业化开发,坚持因地制宜、多元化发展的方向,并正确处理好四对关系.     

The Enhancement of Endogenous Capacities in Science and its Application to Technological Development

Although inhibited by ideology, science and technology (S&T) managed to make some progress during the socialist periods in Central and South Eastern Europe. Even when transition came after 1989, inhibition remained for the following reasons: the lack of objectives and strategies, institutional fluctuations, inadequate funding, the dissolution of internal solidarity, and inadequate S&T management. Through the assistance of such inter-European programmes as TEMPUS and SOCRATES, a new paradigm of S&T has been introduced in the sub-region based on international competition, computerization, and networking, and an emphasis on excellence in the exploitation of the knowledge revolution. The dichotomy of theoretical and practical science is being reduced through the links between higher education and industry and the increasing use of university science parks as incubators of ideas in the interface of higher education and science.     

高职院校科技创新现状与对策研究——基于湖南农类高职院校调查

在国家大力推进教育创新、科技创新的形势下，高职院校只有使科研走在教学的前面，把科研与教学有机结合，才能培养出高质量的应用型、创造性人才，更好地为社会服务。调查结果表明，湖南省高职院校应加大科研投入，突出应用技术研究，逐步完善激励机制，保证科技创新持续发展，同时必须加强学生创新能力培养。     

Perceptions of Science and Technology: A Comparison of Criminal Justice and Traditional Science and Technology Majors

Due to the increased demands for science and technology (S&T) in criminal justice (CJ) occupational preparation and in response to the growing interest of students in forensics, this study explores the attitudes of CJ majors towards S&T. Despite the acknowledgment that S&T skills are helpful in gaining employment, CJ majors reported less favorable attitudes than S&T majors, reporting: less interest in gaining S&T knowledge, fewer social benefits of S&T, and greater concerns that S&T are dangerous to society than traditional forensic science majors. While these findings raise some fundamental questions about the suitability of increased representation of S&T courses within CJ curriculum, authors argue that CJ curricular goals must continue to evolve to foster innovative students who are academically prepared to meet the twenty-first century challenges of their future careers.     

试论产学研结合中的高校定位

从高校的教学、科研、社会服务三大基本职能衍生出来的产学研结合,既极大地满足了经济与社会发展的需要,也为高校寻求自身发展提供了一条理想的路径。但是,高校在产学研结合中的不合理定位导致高校偏离其基本目标,影响到高校基本职能的发挥以及高等教育事业的长远发展。因而,要取得产学研结合的理想结果,明确高校在产学研结合中的合理定位尤为重要。     

采用文献计量法评价高校科研水平

采用《2002年度中国科技论文统计与分析》年度研究报告数据，通过文献计量方法，建立相应数学模型，对5项指标排名前50位的高校进行了统计分析，得出排在前3位的分别为清华大学、浙江大学、北京大学．采用此方法可粗略评估各高校科研水平．