视觉表象训练对乒乓球运动技能效果的影响

本文运用视觉表象训练的实验方法,探讨其对乒乓球运动的动作姿态结构原理认知能力、动作技能感知协同认知能力和运动竞技控制认知能力影响.实验证明,视觉表象训练可在很大程度上能够提高乒乓球运动的动作姿态结构原理认知能力、动作技能感知协同认知能力和运动竞技控制认知能力.为此,对视觉表象训练的效果进行了理论分析,认为视觉表象训练是通过加强大脑皮层兴奋与抑制的快速转化能力、改善注意力的聚合能力、提升核心肌肉群位移的协同能力等知觉因素,使其对乒乓球运动的认知、判断、应变和控制能力均得到了不同程度提高.     

浅议色彩对运动成绩的影响

我们生活在五彩缤纷的世界．运动与色彩息息相关，密不可分。色彩会影响人的性格，陶冶人的情操，甚至对运动成绩也有一定的影响。     

表象与运动技能的训练

体育教学是训练学生掌握各种运动技能的教学活动。一般来说,运动技能的形成往往要经过模仿阶段和熟练阶段。模仿是掌握一种运动技能的最初阶段,动作模仿准确、规范与否直接影响着运动技能达到动力定型即熟练阶段后的动作质量。所以,在训练学生掌握某种运动技能时,一定要让学生的模仿动作准确到位。模仿学习的基本模式是:教     

内部和外部表象训练对篮球熟练者与初学者投篮技能学习的影响

采用实验法，探讨内部表象与外部表象对初学者和熟练者在篮球定点投篮技能学习中的影响。结果显示，外部表象有利于初学者运动技能的学习，熟练者内部表象组操作成绩略好于外部表象组，但未达到统计学上的显著性差异。     

从操作层面探讨表象训练在竞技运动领域的应用

表象训练是在体育运动实践中运用最为广泛的心理训练方法之一,也是运动心理学研究的重要内容。本文通过对大量表象训练相关理论研究的回顾,分析表象训练在竞技运动中研究的理论成果,从操作层面探讨运动表象训练的应用效果,以达到更好地为竞技运动服务的目的。     

影响表象训练效果的因素研究

采用文献资料研究法，对国内外表象研究的现状进行分析，评述了表象在体育运动中的作用，分析了影响表象训练效果的各种因素，并指出存在的问题以及今后的研究方向。     

内在表象和外在表象演练对封闭性运动技能操作影响的实验研究

本文根据Lang提出的生物信息理论,就表象类型（内在表象与外在表象）以及演练方式（集中演练与分布演练）对封闭性运动技能操作的影响进行实验研究,选择被试40人均分成四组,并使其技能水平无明显差异。在实现过程中,分别实施四种条件控制：内在表象…集中演练,内在表象…分布演练,外在表象…集中演练,外在表象…分布演练。演练技能为封闭性运动技能（罚篮动作）,实验结束测验被试30次罚篮水平,结果表明：对于封闭性运动技能,利用内在表象演练其效果要好于外在表象演练,而集中演练与分布演练对封闭性运动技能操作水平的影响无显著差异。     

内、外部表象训练对不同技能水平足球学习者在点球及任意球学习上的影响

采用问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法研究探讨内部表象与外部表象对不同水平的足球练习者在足球罚球点球和任意球技能学习中的影响。结果显示,初学者在学习运动技能时运用外部表象优于内部表象;具有一定运动技能基础者运用内部表象优于外部表象。     

β—内啡肽对体操运动员动觉感受性的影响

本文研究了β-内啡肽对体操运动员动觉感受性的影响。研究结果表明在体操运动员训练过程中,血液中β-内啡肽浓度升高,同时,某些动觉感受能力下降,提示二者之间可能存在着一定关系。作者认为,训练负荷的安排应考虑到这种影响,采取必要的内心演练,以获取最佳表象与正确动作的吻合,     

放松疗法对唤醒水平和运动成绩的影响

要使运动员取得优异的成绩，必须充分重视赛前准备工作，把唤醒水平调节到适宜水平。根据献资料，探讨了放松疗法对唤醒水平的影响及放松疗法的实施方法。     

The relationship between the use of kinaesthetic imagery and different visual imagery perspectives

In two studies, we examined the strength of relationship between internal and external visual imagery with kinaesthetic imagery. In Study 1, 56 participants completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire and the Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Pearson's product–moment correlations failed to reveal a significant correlation between external visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery. However, the correlation between internal visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery approached significance. In Study 2, the instructional set of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire was changed to make the participant the ‘agent’ of the external visual perspective images rather than somebody else. Sixty-four participants completed the two questionnaires. The results indicated a significant correlation between external visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery (r?=?0.60, P?<0.01). However, the correlation between internal visual imagery and kinaesthetic imagery was non-significant (r?=?0.23, P?>0.01). The results are discussed in relation to who is the agent of the image and the processes that may underlie kinaesthetic imagery. The implications for researchers trying to establish the functional, behavioural and neurological differences within, and across, imagery modalities are considered.     

外控与自律双重缺失下竞技体育异化的必然及控制研究

在竞技体育制度缺失、制度缺陷及制度失效等外因及竞技体育道德生活脱离社会根基、体育道德教化缺失、竞技体育道德自主性缺失、及社会不良文化等内因的双重作用下,竞技体育领域内的异化现象的产生与蔓延有其必然性。对于这些竞技体育发展过程中的障碍因素,要从防微杜渐的角度考虑,绝对不能掉以轻心;除了要加强竞技体育制度与法制建设之外,还要更新体育道德观念、健全体育道德回报机制以加强竞技体育道德建设,同时,辅以舆论监督。     

情动于中而形于技——论武术内外兼修

中国武术历史悠久,源远流长。文章通过对武术内外兼修的论述,着重强调了武术的内外兼修蕴含着深刻的哲学思想,论述了形神兼备是武术内外兼修的基础,内练外练是武术内外兼修的内容,内外相合是武术内外兼修的实质,“内圣外王”是武术内外兼修的追求目标。这些哲理在当代有着重要的借鉴意义。     

The Functional Equivalence Between Movement Imagery,Observation, and Execution Influences Imagery Ability

Abstract

Based on literature identifying movement imagery, observation, and execution to elicit similar areas of neural activity, research has demonstrated that movement imagery and observation successfully prime movement execution. To investigate whether movement and observation could prime ease of imaging from an external visual-imagery perspective, an internal visual-imagery perspective, and kinesthetic modality, 36 participants (M age = 20.58; SD = 3.11; 18 women and 18 men) completed an adapted version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised under four modes of delivery (movement prime, external observation prime, internal observation prime, and image-only). The results revealed that ease of imaging was significantly greater during the movement and observation prime conditions compared to the image-only condition (p < .05). Specifically when priming external visual imagery and internal visual imagery, observation facilitated ease of imaging only when the perspective was congruent with the imagery perspective. The results support the use of movement and observation to facilitate ease of imaging, but highlight the importance of considering the visual perspective when using observation.     

Comparing self-report and mental chronometry measures of motor imagery ability

Abstract

The present study investigated the relationship between two of the most common measures of motor imagery ability, self-report ratings, and chronometric assessment. This was done for three types of imagery modalities: external visual imagery (EVI), internal visual imagery (IVI), and kinesthetic imagery (KI). Measures of imagery ability (i.e. self-report and mental chronometry) were also compared across skill levels. Participants (N?=?198) completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) to generate self-report ratings. Chronometric assessment was obtained by recording the duration of each MIQ-3 movement imaged and physically performed and then calculating a discrepancy score. There were no significant correlations between self-report and mental chronometry for any of the three motor imagery types (p?>?.05). When assessing the different types of motor imagery ability using self-report ratings, elite athletes had significantly higher KI than IVI, which was in turn significantly higher than EVI (p?<?.05). When assessing motor imagery ability using mental chronometry, there were no significant differences in imagery type (p?>?.05). Findings suggest both measures address different components of MI quality and should be used together to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of motor imagery ability.     

高职体育课内外教学一体化模式探讨

21世纪的社会竞争归根结底是人才的竞争,人才的能力不仅仅包括智商、情商还包括良好的身心素质。这种社会对人才素质要求的转变也就赋予体育教学新的含义,要求体育教学不再是仅仅注重课堂上的教育,还应当在合理的限度内延伸到课堂以外,这是体育课内外教学一体化模式的应有之义。这种教学模式应用的紧迫性在高职学校中显得尤为重要。     

论"阴阳平衡"与"内外兼修"

文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对中国传统医学的"阴阳平衡"理论和武术的"内外兼修"理论进行了分析与研究。结论得出:武术的内外兼修理论是阴阳平衡理论在人类进行身体锻炼中的具体运用,而"阴阳平衡"理论则是武术"内外兼修"理论产生的基础。"内外兼修"理论作为中国武术运动功法练习的一个指导原则,规定着武术运动的健康发展轨迹。     

国际式摔跤运动员心理及运动智能特征研究

采用文献资料法、特尔菲法、数理统计法及逻辑分析法等,对国际式摔跤运动员心理及运动智能的特征进行了研究,旨在为我国国际式摔跤运动员的心理和运动智能训练提供较为科学的理论指导与参考。结论如下,心理特征：（1）运动感知能力较好;（2）注意力较强;（3）勇敢果断、坚韧的意志品质;（4）对阵时要具有敢斗、冒险的精神。运动智能特征：（1）专业理论知识水平较高;（2）记忆力强;（3）思维敏捷和灵活。