RECRUITMENT,RETENTION, AND RETIREMENT: COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYMENT POLICIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT

Faculties are aging along with the rest of society. Low retirement rates and slow growth limit the number of new hiring opportunities in many institutions. Universities face a series of common challenges that will shape higher education in the 21st century. In order to maintain high quality faculties in the coming years, universities must develop compensation policies and employment practices that are appropriate for the new economic and demographic environment. This paper examines existing human resources (HR) policies and considers potential modifications that will enable institutions to recruit, retain, and retire faculty in the coming years. The analysis reviews the soaring cost of health insurance for active and retired faculty and how these plans are being amended. We also review the widespread adoption of phased retirement plans and the use of early retirement programs as components of HR policy. The increasing reliance on nontenure track faculty is also described. The analysis focuses on the challenges that universities face in the current economic and demographic conditions and the methods that administrators can adopt to fulfill their teaching and research missions. The paper presents the results from a national conference consisting of new research and intense discussion by scholars, administrators, policymakers, and HR consultants.     

SURVIVING YOUR GRADUATE GERONTOLOGY EDUCATION AND ENTERING THE JOB MARKET

A comprehensive graduate education in gerontology requires the transmission of information that may or may not occur in a formalized setting such as a classroom. This article presents information on a full spectrum of issues related to educational and professional success, including managing graduate school, paths to careers in gerontology, securing a job, and socialization into the university as a professional. Information on these topics will help prepare future gerontologists to meet the challenges of the 21st century and the accompanying changing demographic landscape.     

Satisfaction with Higher Education: critical data for student development

Higher education is a mainstay in the development and support of the economic, social and cultural development of the global society. Throughout history, academic institutions have sought to respond to the demands of endlessly changing and evolving environmental conditions. However, in the 21st century, a number of significant factors are changing the higher education landscape and challenging higher education institutions (HEIs) to interpret the vital needs of contemporary society to stimulate and enhance student development. Student development is an all-embracing concept that involves research focusing on students from recruitment to placement. Assuming that meeting student needs and stimulating and enhancing their development are crucial challenges for higher education institutions worldwide, the article focuses on a national study in Portugal designed to measure students’ expectations and satisfaction with their experience. On the basis of a nationwide survey, it examines these in the various types of higher education institutions in Portugal.     

21世纪高等教育如何发展

我们正处在一个新的世纪起点上 ,中华民族正信心百倍地实现新世纪里的伟大复兴。经济的发展 ,需要大学的发展 ,大学的发展 ,必然推动经济的发展。高等教育的发展只有按照市场经济规律来运作 ,实现办学主体和办学形式的多样化 ,形成社会化和多元化的高等教育投入体系 ,才会有高等教育的大发展。 2 1世纪的高等教育理念决不是唯国立独尊的 ,2 1世纪高等教育的大发展不仅是规模问题 ,更重要是质量问题。实现教师队伍最优化 ,关注学生道德责任的培养 ,将是高等教育大发展的重要内涵     

Globalization,China’s drive for world-class universities (211 Project) and the challenges of ethnic minority higher education: the case of Yanbian university

This case study of Yanbian University, a Korean minority university in China, examines the challenges faced, strategies employed, and resources mobilized by a minority university in its attempt to become a world-class university. Specifically, this case study focuses on how the University is attempting to reach its goals within the context of the 211 Project, China’s plan to create 100 world-class universities capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century. The rise of the knowledge economy has resulted in an increased link between economic prosperity and higher education. Thus, higher education reform has explicitly tied higher education to economic development and attempted to transform economic structures by turning the labor force into a highly skilled, technologically competent, educated work force capable of competing in a global economy. The socioeconomic changes that have occurred as a result of globalization and China’s transition to a market economy have also created new imperatives and challenges for higher education institutions, particularly among minority higher education institutions endeavoring to carve out a unique place in China’s higher education landscape.     

普通高校发展成人教育的思考

构建学习型社会，形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会，是21世纪社会发展对高等教育提出的明确要求，也为成人高等教育提供了发展机遇。当前形势下，成人高等教育的发展既有赖于新的办学思想和观念，也有赖于人们对其重视程度，而成人高等教育如何在普通高校内准确定位，并充分利用普通高校的办学优势，广泛开展相关研究，这些都是实现普通高校成人教育发展的条件。     

The Logic of Mass Higher Education

The distinguishing characteristic of postsecondary education in the past half century has been expansion -- the emergence of mass higher education worldwide. Now, many industrialised countries educate forty percent or more of youth in postsecondary education, and developing countries are rapidly expanding as well. Mass higher education brings with it certain inevitable changes in higher education. Among these are a diversification of academic institutions, less homogenous student populations, alterations in patterns of academic work and of the academic profession itself, an increase in managerial control of academic institutions, and, recently, a reliance on distance methods of delivering instruction. These changes are part of the logic of mass higher education, and will be increasingly apparent in the 21st century.     

关于加强对高校青年教师培养的理论思考

青年教师是高等院校教师队伍中的生力军，加强对青年教师的教育培养工作，直接关系到高等教育事业的生存和发展，赢得了青年教师，就赢得了21世纪的高等教育。     

高等教育当前应当着重抓什么

我国高等教育在进一步发展过程中需要特别关注三个问题 :首先 ,在公办高校继续发展的同时 ,必须发展民办高校 ,提高民办高校的办学水平。其次 ,无论是公办高校还是民办高校都需要提高质量。再次 ,在公办高校中 ,应当将精英教育与大众化教育区别对待     

健全转学机制,促进教育公平——读《高等教育不能回避历史——21世纪的问题》

《高等教育不能回避历史——21世纪的问题》是克拉克·克尔博士所著高等教育文集的第三卷。在第三编"高等教育机构职能的分化和均质化"中,作者深入分析了21世纪的高等教育趋同模式——既普遍入学又促进优秀。作者认为精英教育必须保持高度的选择性,以尽力维持精英型大学的水准,有必要建立一种能有效促使高等教育系统功能分化的制度,这对保持我国大学的精英性具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

The logic of mass higher education

Abstract

The distinguishing characteristic of postsecondary education in the past half century has been expansion ‐ the emergence of mass higher education worldwide. Now, many industrialised countries educate forty percent or more of youth in postsecondary education, and developing countries are rapidly expanding as well. Mass higher education brings with it certain inevitable changes in higher education. Among these are a diversification of academic institutions, less homogenous student populations, alterations in patterns of academic work and of the academic profession itself, an increase in managerial control of academic institutions, and, recently, a reliance on distance methods of delivering instruction. These changes are part of the logic of mass higher education, and will be increasingly apparent in the 21st century.     

文化素质教育与通识教育关系的再认识

目前,大学生文化素质教育与通识教育在中国高等学校同时展开,两者是否一致?有什么差别?应当如何对待?本文在对这两种教育进行历史回顾的基础上,对这些问题提出了自己的看法。作者认为,从"名正言顺"的角度,在高等学校本专科教育的整体层面上,无论在教育理念、模式和内容上,"通识教育"的名称都是不合适的。而文化素质教育则是统贯本科教育的全过程的,它既是一种新的教育思想观念,也可以成为一种教育模式,具有可操作的运行方式。但是,作为高等学校本专科教育的一部分或一个阶段,通识教育从理念、模式和内容上都是有意义的,其目标是为了培养负责任的公民和有教养的人。这与文化素质教育是相通的。通识教育可以作为文化素质教育的一种实施方式,与养成教育共同构筑起文化素质教育的实施方式。作者提出了包含通识教育的文化素质教育架构图,并对不同类型高校提出了多样化的通识教育与文化素质教育的实施意见。     

社会转型时期中国高等教育的挑战

进入飞速发展的21世纪,中国高等教育迎来了前所未有的大发展时期。但中国也与欧洲各国一样,高等教育面临有史以来的第一次"世界性危机"。立足中国本土,审视转型时期中国高等教育发展中面临的挑战,所涉及的主要方面有大众化中高等教育的质量问题凸显、多种形态一样化的高等院校、校长在现实中的管理角色错位、高等教育国际化背景下的本土化狭缝难生等。     

Creating the 21st-Century School of Education: Collaboration,Community, and Partnership in St. Louis

Creating 21st-century schools of education requires a new way of working in collaborative partnerships. In this article, we describe 3 key factors in restructuring the University of Missouri-St. Louis School of Education. Collaboration, partnerships, and community building helped shape the nature, pace, and outcomes of that restructuring. We assert that if education, and especially teacher education, does not heed the signals issuing from the workplace and the public, those who prepare professional educators run the risk of being late for a very important date: the dawn of the 21st century. How well educators are prepared to collaborate, develop partnerships, and make effective use of technology directly correlates with how well regions can meet workforce and community needs-and how schools of education themselves will fare in the 21st century.     

创新教育与高校考试制度改革

章在对高校考试制度存在的主要问题进行分析的基础上，提出了改革高校考试制的若干对策，主要是：注重平时考核，成绩构成多样化；考试形式和方法多样化；以有利于创新思维的培养来命题、评分；加强考试科学化、标准化、规范化管理。     

区域高校构建国际化人才培养模式的思考

进入新世纪以来,伴随全球化经济的快速发展,高等教育的国际化竞争日趋激烈。如何适应高等教育国际化竞争,培养出更好地满足经济社会发展需要、具有国际竞争力的人才,这就对我国高等教育的发展提出了新的挑战,而传统的相对封闭的教育理念、人才培养模式、课程已不能与之相适应,人才培养模式国际化与课程创新应运而生,为区域高校人才培养模式国际化提供了一种新的思考与探索。     

University reform in the post-massification era in Japan: analysis of government education policy for the 21st century

Japanese higher education institutions have experienced major reforms in the 1990s. These reforms were voluntarily promoted by the universities, and were aimed at transforming research-oriented faculties, or research centered organizations, to teaching and student centered universities. However, at the turn of the millennium, a new reform movement emerged, more economic centered, more market conscious and more influenced by the policy shift toward deregulation. In the 21st century, Japanese higher education institutions will face retrenchment, post-massification, and globalization.This paper examines government higher education policy and Japanese higher education reform movements in the globalization and post-massification eras. First, issues surrounding Japanese higher education in an era of post-massification will be set out. Secondly, the direction of higher education policy will be examined and compared with the higher education policies of some Western countries. Finally, the impact of the policy shift toward higher education institutions and the existing structural problems around Japanese higher education will be analyzed.     

创新人才培养与高校德育建设

创新人才是21世纪知识经济竞争的关键。培养良好的思想道德素质是培养创新人才的基础。当前，高校德育建设在理念和内涵上面临新的挑战，应对挑战的措施是：构建切实可行的德育运行机制，营造良好的德育环境，建设全员育人队伍。     

明确方向更新理念--关于新时期普通高校成人教育改革与发展的思考

21世纪将是一个学习的社会。普通高校的成人高等教育将在高等教育的大众化、大学后继续教育乃至终身教育体系的构建方面，面临许多前所未有机遇和挑战，本文试图从观念到理念的聚合上，探讨新时期如何推动普通高校成人教育的改革与发展。     

如何通过系统化途径提高大学质量

在全新的时代条件下,中国的高等教育在具有了更多发展机遇的同时,又面临着巨大的挑战。为了实现21世纪的教育目标,高等教育必须进行教育改革。高等教育的领导者们应通过系统化途径来提高教育质量和办学能力,通过系统化的思维和管理,提高整个系统的办学质量,从而实现预期的教育目标。