武汉市男子赛艇公开级运动员赛前乳酸阈曲线变化分析

以武汉市备战第六届城运会男子赛艇公开级运动员为研究对象,运用赛艇测功仪多级负荷进行测试,测定不同负荷下功率与乳酸值,通过对乳酸阈曲线变化进行详细分析,以评价赛前训练效果及运动员个体能力。结果表明：运动员在体重没有显著性变化的情况下平均乳酸阈功率显著性提高,说明赛前训练有效地提高了运动员的有氧代谢供能能力。     

测定游泳运动员上肢最大有氧能力探讨

利用IST—Ⅱ型等动游泳训练测试系统进行递增负荷运动时测定游泳运动员上肢最大有氧能力。结果表明：1)IST—Ⅱ等动游泳训练测试系统是一种较好的训练、测试用游泳专用测功仪，可通过递增负荷安全、有效地测定游泳运动员的上肢的有氧能力；2)VO2max平台持续时间(VO2maxPD)是另一个可以反映游泳运动员的最大有氧能力的重要标识，只有把VO2max和VO2maxPD二者结合起来才能更全面反映运动员有氧能力的内涵；3)心率无氧阈(HR—AT)应成为游泳训练中控制训练负荷的重要指标。     

优秀赛艇运动员测功仪2000m模拟比赛供能特征研究

研究的目的在于运用测功仪模拟赛艇2 000m比赛,以探究赛艇项目比赛过程中的供能特征.10名某省优秀赛艇运动员(男6女4)自愿参加赛艇测功仪6.5min的全力划.运用便携式气体代谢仪(CosMed,K4b2)所测得的摄氧量数据和血乳酸分析仪(Diagnostic C-line,EKF)所测得的血乳酸数据进行能量供应量的计算.结果表明,赛艇项目2 000m三大供能系统的比例分别为6.2％(无氧无乳酸)、10.1％(无氧乳酸)、83.7％(有氧).研究结果与前人研究相似,并进一步明确了有氧供能对于赛艇比赛的重要性.三大供能系统比例的确定为教练员安排训练负荷和评价运动员的运动能力提供了理论依据.     

如何增大赛艇运动员的划桨力

2 0 0 0 m赛艇项目从基础理论分析 ,居于中等时间的有氧供能为主的运动项目 ,它不仅要求运动员具备较好的有氧工作能力和较好的肌肉克服阻力的能力 ,而具备有单位时间内肌肉克服阻力的能力。单位时间内肌肉克服阻力的能力越强 ,在其它条件不变的情况下 ,划桨力就越大 ,成绩就越好。所以提高赛艇运动员单位时间肌肉克服阻力的能力 ,是解决赛艇运动员划桨力提高的关键因素之一。1　测功仪训练对赛艇运动员划桨力的影响及其训练方法( 1 )测功仪训练对赛艇运动员划桨力的影响 :测功仪训练较荡桨训练、水上训练技术运用环节简单化 ,而且不受平衡…     

有氧耐力评定方法用于辽宁省女子运动员疲劳恢复问题的研究

有氧能力的好坏是评定耐力性运动员运动水平高低的标志。有氧运动能力强,可以减少运动员的缺氧程度,运动员的利用率高,可以提高运动能力。反映有氧耐力的最佳指标是最大吸氧量,最大吸氧量大的运动员,他的有氧耐力就会好。运动员阶段体能状况如何,可以通过实验室最大递增负荷试验的有氧耐力的好坏来评价。体能状况不好,他的最大吸氧量测定不会理想,同时可以观察到,实验室极限负荷运动试验后即刻的疲劳恢复不会好,而运动后即刻的疲劳恢复情况与出现的最大吸氧量平台现象有着密切相关的趋势。     

肌氢含量的近红外无损监测及其在赛艇训练中的应用

利用三波长近红外肌氧无损监测系统，对赛艇运动员在赛艇测功仪上做不同负荷运动时肌氧的变化进行了无损、连续、实时监测，并将受试者测量结果与在运动中血乳酸和心率等参数的变化进行了对比研究。结果表明：随着负荷的改变，肌氧含量的变化较为明显；肌氧的相对变化与运动负荷之间至现规律性的变化；肌氧浓度与血乳酸浓度具有高度的相关性。     

不同负荷运动后赛艇运动员血粘度变化的研究

本文对21名男子划船运动员和大学生在赛艇测功仪上不同负荷后的血粘度变化进行了测定。结果表明,最大负荷运动短期内对血液流变性将产生不利影响。     

中国赛艇队男轻运动员身体成分监测对训练效果的研究

通过国家赛艇队4名男轻队员冬训前后身体成分变化的研究,分析探讨中国赛艇男轻运动员最佳身体成分。结果显示,一定范围内体脂％的下降与赛艇轻量级运动员有氧耐力的提高显著相关;赛艇轻量级运动员瘦体质量的增加与否可反映力量训练的效果;本研究中,男子轻量级运动员身体成分的改变与专项测功仪能力的变化未呈显著相关性。     

赛艇

G861.411.421.HL006 9905428赛艇运动员无氧阈增长幅度的分析[HL,中,A]/杜忠林∥第五届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编.-1997.-48(SML)赛艇∥无氧阈∥增长∥分析分析了有氧训练期间不同项目、不同年龄、不同训练年限以及处在疲劳状况下的赛艇运动员无氧阈功率的增长幅度。测试方法:受试者在赛艇测功仪上分别用65%、75%、85%的强度作3个递增负荷、持续时间为4’的匀速运动,每级负荷之间的间歇时间为30min—40     

我国赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量值的测定

测定了99名男子和192名女子赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量值及其相关指标,并对17名女子赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量值进行了连续6年的观察。结果显示:我国男子赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量平均值为4.621±0.67 l/min,20岁以上组的平均值为4.841±0.74 l/min,均明显低于世界优秀运动员的;我国女子赛艇运动员的最大吸氧量平均值为3.711±0.531 l/min,18岁组和20岁组的平均值达到了4.011±0.531 l/min和4.031 0.351 l/min,与世界级优秀选手的最大吸氧量值相近;赛艇运动训练可以提高运动员的最大吸氧量值,但幅度较小。     

Prediction of 2000 m indoor rowing performance using a 30 s sprint and maximal oxygen uptake

The aim of this study was to predict indoor rowing performance in 12 competitive female rowers (age 21.3 - 3.6 years, height 1.68 - 0.54 m, body mass 67.1 - 11.7 kg; mean - s ) using a 30 s rowing sprint, maximal oxygen uptake and the blood lactate response to submaximal rowing. Blood lactate and oxygen uptake ( V O 2 ) were measured during a discontinuous graded exercise test on a Concept II rowing ergometer incremented by 25 W for each 2 min stage; the highest V O 2 measured during the test was recorded as V O 2max (mean = 3.18 - 0.35 l· min -1 ). Peak power (380 - 63.2 W) and mean power (368 - 60.0 W) were determined using a modified Wingate test protocol on the Concept II rowing ergometer. Rowing performance was based on the results of the 2000 m indoor rowing championship in 1997 (466.8 - 12.3 s). Laboratory testing was performed within 3 weeks of the rowing championship. Submitting mean power (Power), the highest and lowest five consecutive sprint power outputs (Maximal and Minimal), percent fatigue in the sprint test (Fatigue), V O 2max (l· min -1 ), V O 2max (ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ), V O 2 at the lactate threshold, power at the lactate threshold (W), maximal lactate concentration, lactate threshold (percent V O 2max ) and V E max (l·min -1 ) to a stepwise multiple regression analysis produced the following model to predict 2000 m rowing performance: Time 2000 =- 0.163 (Power)14.213 ·( V O 2max l· min -1 ) + 0.738· (Fatigue) + 567.259 ( R 2 = 0.96, standard error = 2.89). These results indicate that, in the women studied, 75.7% of the variation in 2000 m indoor rowing performance time was predicted by peak power in a rowing Wingate test, while V O 2max and fatigue during the Wingate test explained an additional 12.1% and 8.2% of the variance, respectively.     

Prediction of elite schoolboy 2000-m rowing ergometer performance from metabolic,anthropometric and strength variables

In 19 elite schoolboy rowers, the relationships between anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, strength variables and 2000-m rowing ergometer performance time were analysed to test the hypothesis that a combination of these variables would predict performance better than either individual variables or one category of variables. Anthropometric characteristics, maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2m ax ), accumulated oxygen deficit, net efficiency, leg strength and 2000-m rowing ergometer time were measured. Body mass, V O 2max and knee extension correlated with 2000-m performance time (r = -0.41, -0.43 and-0.40, respectively; P 0.05), while net efficiency and accumulated oxygen deficit did not. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that the prediction model using anthropometric variables alone best predicts performance (R = 0.82), followed by the equation comprising body mass, V O 2max and skinfolds (R = 0.80). Although the regression equations increased the predictive power from that obtained using single variables, the hypothesis that a prediction model consisting of variables from different physiological categories would predict performance better than variables from one physiological category was not supported.     

女子2000米赛艇运动员不同训练周期中有氧和无氧代谢能力变化

本文观察了16名女子赛艇运动员30周训练期间有氧和无氧代谢运动能力的变化。前13周以力量训练为主,后17周以专项训练为主。观察发现过多力量训练无助于有氧能力发展,在专项训练期,应保持足够强度才能在发展有氧能力的同时提高最大乳酸值。     

男子赛艇运动员与训练有关的有氧无氧能力和激素变化

观察了１５名男子赛艇运动员为期３０周训练中最大做功能力、最大乳酸值、最大摄氧量及心脏形态和功能的变化及相应时期的血清睾酮、游离睾酮、皮质醇的急慢性效应。在以力量训练为主的准备期，变化较小，以专项训练为主的准备期，心功能和有氧能力明显改善。最大负荷后及高强度训练１２周后，血清睾酮降低。提示在不同训练周期中力量—耐力训练应合理安排，有利于发挥机体适应能力。     

一次极限运动对运动员体内的自由基生成与清除的影响

24名国家健将级优秀运动员,包括了中跑、羽毛球、柔道各专项,在跑台上进行逐级递增极限负荷运动,测得最大吸氧量Vozmax,并于实验前后抽取静脉血以测定血清LPO含量及血清SOD活力。结果显示:优秀运动员一次极限运动后血清LPO含量显著增加,SOD活力无显著性改变;两者的变化在各专项之间以及两性之间皆没有显著性差异。提示:中跑、羽毛球、柔道等项目运动员自由基的生成与清除不存在项目的特点;并推测长期的专项训练可能没有获得自由基水平的适应变化。     

一次极限运动对运动员体内的自由基生成与清除的影响

24名国家健将级优秀运动员,包括了中跑、羽毛球、柔道各专项,在跑台上进行逐级递增极限负荷运动,测得最大吸氧量Vozmax,并于实验前后抽取静脉血以测定血清LPO含量及血清SOD活力。结果显示:优秀运动员一次极限运动后血清LPO含量显著增加,SOD活力无显著性改变;两者的变化在各专项之间以及两性之间皆没有显著性差异。提示:中跑、羽毛球、柔道等项目运动员自由基的生成与清除不存在项目的特点;并推测长期的专项训练可能没有获得自由基水平的适应变化。     

Prediction of 2000 m indoor rowing performance using a 30 s sprint and maximal oxygen uptake

The aim of this study was to predict indoor rowing performance in 12 competitive female rowers (age 21.3 +/- 3.6 years, height 1.68 +/- 0.54 m, body mass 67.1 +/- 11.7 kg; mean +/- s) using a 30 s rowing sprint, maximal oxygen uptake and the blood lactate response to submaximal rowing. Blood lactate and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured during a discontinuous graded exercise test on a Concept II rowing ergometer incremented by 25 W for each 2 min stage; the highest VO2 measured during the test was recorded as VO2max (mean = 3.18 +/- 0.35 l.min-1). Peak power (380 +/- 63.2 W) and mean power (368 +/- 60.0 W) were determined using a modified Wingate test protocol on the Concept II rowing ergometer. Rowing performance was based on the results of the 2000 m indoor rowing championship in 1997 (466.8 +/- 12.3 s). Laboratory testing was performed within 3 weeks of the rowing championship. Submitting mean power (Power), the highest and lowest five consecutive sprint power outputs (Maximal and Minimal), percent fatigue in the sprint test (Fatigue), VO2max (l.min-1), VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1), VO2 at the lactate threshold, power at the lactate threshold (W), maximal lactate concentration, lactate threshold (percent VO2max) and VEmax (l.min-1) to a stepwise multiple regression analysis produced the following model to predict 2000 m rowing performance: Time2000 = -0.163 (Power) -14.213.(VO2max l.min-1) +0.738.(Fatigue) 7.259 (R2 = 0.96, standard error = 2.89). These results indicate that, in the women studied, 75.7% of the variation in 2000 m indoor rowing performance time was predicted by peak power in a rowing Wingate test, while VO2max and fatigue during the Wingate test explained an additional 12.1% and 8.2% of the variance, respectively.     

最大摄氧量速度研究进展（综述）

通过文献综述法,分析了最大摄氧量速度(vVO2max)及其相关指标最大运动时间(Tmax)和达到最大摄氧量后运动时间(tlim)的概念、意义和在有氧耐力训练中的应用情况,提示这些指标可有效地指导有氧耐力训练及评估运动员耐力水平。     

Prediction of elite schoolboy 2000m rowing ergometer performance from metabolic, anthropometric and strength variables

In 19 elite schoolboy rowers, the relationships between anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, strength variables and 2000-m rowing ergometer performance time were analysed to test the hypothesis that a combination of these variables would predict performance better than either individual variables or one category of variables. Anthropometric characteristics, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), accumulated oxygen deficit, net efficiency, leg strength and 2000-m rowing ergometer time were measured. Body mass, VO2max and knee extension correlated with 2000-m performance time (r= -0.41, -0.43 and -0.40, respectively; P< 0.05), while net efficiency and accumulated oxygen deficit did not. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that the prediction model using anthropometric variables alone best predicts performance (R = 0.82), followed by the equation comprising body mass, VO2max and skinfolds (R = 0.80). Although the regression equations increased the predictive power from that obtained using single variables, the hypothesis that a prediction model consisting of variables from different physiological categories would predict performance better than variables from one physiological category was not supported.     

赛艇运动对最大吸氧量的影响及其与心功能的关系

本文通过测试与分析，探讨了赛艇运动对最大吸氧量的影响及其与心功能的关系。