音乐欣赏与审美教育

音乐欣赏是培养学生音乐兴趣、扩大音乐视野,提高感受、体验、听赏分析、评价音乐的能力以及发展想像力,丰富情感,加深对音乐与文化、历史关系的理解,是进行审美教育、陶冶情操的重要途径与手段。本文着重论述音乐欣赏的作用、特征,音乐欣赏过程以及有效指导学生音乐欣赏,加强审美教育等问题。　　一、音乐欣赏概述（一）音乐欣赏的作用音乐欣赏是指以具体音乐作品为对象,通过聆听的方式及其他辅助手段体验和领悟音乐的真谛,从而得到精神愉悦的一种审美活动。音乐欣赏对培养学生的审美观念、态度和训练审美能力有举足轻重的作用。中…     

谈音乐教学中的欣赏教学

音乐欣赏教学必须遵循“以听为中心”的原则。音乐欣赏教学只有通过音乐的情感体验．才能达到音乐教育“以美感人,以美育人”的目的。音乐欣赏教学的任务是扩大学生的音乐视野．发展形象思维能力和智力,培养学生对音乐的兴趣和爱好。     

因“精”而“彩”的欣赏教学——以三次试教《化装舞会》为例谈欣赏教学的设计

一、案例背景 新课程标准指出．在音乐教育中,发展听觉是最重要的事情．音乐教育必须遵循“以听为中心”。可见,音乐欣赏在音乐教学中有着举足轻重的地位。音乐欣赏通过听赏让学生感受音乐情绪和情感的变化,领会节奏、旋律等音乐要素,了解速度、力度等音乐手段与音乐情感的关系,培养音乐欣赏的兴趣和习惯,提高审美、鉴赏音乐的能力,从而达到吸收和享受音乐的目的。     

如何培养农村高中生的音乐感受能力

高中音乐课，是在学生具备了一定的鉴赏能力的基础上进行的，教学的主要目的是培养学生欣赏的兴趣和感受音乐作品的能力，使学生具有健康的审美情趣。我校学生大多来自农村，带着浓郁的草原气息，音乐在他们心中是最美好的事物。但是。这些学生几乎没有欣赏高雅音乐的机会，大多数同学只会听、唱流行歌曲，音乐基础知识几乎是空白。加上我校的音乐欣赏设施十分简陋，基本上是借助录音机教学。在这样的条件下，提高学生的音乐欣赏水平，培养他们对音乐的兴趣，达到音乐教学的目的是十分困难的。面对客观条件，我变被动为主动，因“材”施教，通过以下步骤和方法来提高学生的音乐欣赏水平。     

小学音乐欣赏课教学探究

音乐欣赏是音乐教学的重要组成部分,音乐欣赏课以培养学生对音乐的感受能力为重点。但是现在的音乐教学有很多的不足之处,音乐欣赏不单单只是听听歌就可以的,音乐老师要改变这种音乐教学局面,改变教学方式,让学生喜欢上音乐欣赏课,提高学生的音乐欣赏水平。     

通过音乐欣赏培养乐感

通过音乐欣赏培养乐感□甘肃省地矿局一中张铁玲人类对音乐的感受有别于其它艺术的心理方式，这个心理方式也可称为音乐感和音乐思维。学校音乐欣赏教学，应以充分发掘学生的音乐感和培养学生积极的音乐思维活动为主要目的。音乐欣赏之初，先将学生的注意力引导在乐音的高...     

初中音乐欣赏教学“导、听、议”三部曲

音乐欣赏作用是培养学生的听觉力,使之具有良好的音乐记忆能力、联想能力、想象能力与听觉力,提高学生的音乐直觉能力与情感体验能力,激发学生的音乐学习兴趣,拓宽学生的音乐视野,全方位丰富学生的情感世界。要有效培养学生的各项音乐能力,可以依照导、听、议三部曲的音乐欣赏形式。     

谈音乐教学中唱歌跑调的原因及施教途径

在中小学的音乐教学中,存在着部分学生唱歌跑调（以下简称跑调）的现象,对这一现象,有必要做一探讨,分析跑调原因,找出施教途径。 一、跑调的原因 音是由物体振动产生的。唱歌需要产生乐音,乐音是有规则的振动。从音律角度讲,乐音体系中的音都有绝对准确高度,唱歌发出的音是     

用多媒体手段立体化小学音乐欣赏课的教学——以小学一年级唱游欣赏课《采茶灯》课为例

我们仔细研究上海音乐出版社出版的小学一年级第二学期唱游(试用本)音乐教材,可以发现在每个单元中都包含了"听、唱、玩、创"四个部分的教学内容。所谓"听"就是音乐欣赏,可见小学音乐欣赏是小学音乐教学中的重要组成部分。小学音乐欣赏教学的基本任务是帮助学生     

让音乐欣赏课的听变得“有滋有味”

音乐欣赏是音乐教育的重要组成部分,音乐教育必须遵循"以听为中心"的原则。本文阐述了在音乐欣赏教学中让学生了解音乐欣赏的本质,教师在教学中要营造"听"音乐的氛围,激发学生"听"音乐的欲望,教会学生有效地欣赏,在欣赏中"听"懂音乐。经过每一节课锲而不舍地坚持,学生"听"音乐的习惯得到了培养,学生"听"音乐的能力得到了提高,学生音乐艺术审美能力得到了提高。     

Culture or Disability? Examining Deaf Characters in Children’s Book Illustrations

Picture books can influence how children perceive those from backgrounds and cultures different from their own. Studies have been conducted examining how the text of children’s literature portrays multicultural characters or characters with disabilities. However, few have looked specifically at the portrayal of characters through illustrations, despite growing understanding of the importance that illustrations play in text comprehension. Fewer still have analyzed children’s literature for depictions of deaf characters and characteristics of Deaf culture. One recent study examined children’s picture books for portrayals of deaf individuals in the text; however, examining illustrations may provide additional information for both hearing and d/Deaf (For the purpose of this paper, capital “D” Deaf refers to people who are recognized part of the Deaf community; “d” deaf refers to the inability to hear or people unable to hear; d/D includes both populations.) readers about deafness and the Deaf population. In addition, while illustrations are important for all young readers, they may be particularly important for d/Deaf readers who are by nature visual learners. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of illustrations in 20 picture books targeted to ages 4 to 8?years for messages linked to pathological and cultural models of deafness. In addition, results were compared to previous analyses of the text in the picture books. Results indicated that the illustrations do not represent deaf characters from a cultural perspective. Instead, similar to the text, illustrations present deaf characters more frequently as having a pathological condition or disability, that should be fixed through medical interventions in order to fit into a hearing world.     

Representations of deaf characters in children's picture books

Picture books can influence how children perceive people of different backgrounds, including people with disabilities whose cultures differ from their own. Researchers have examined the portrayal of multicultural characters with disabilities in children's literature. However, few have specifically considered the portrayal of deaf characters, despite increased inclusion of deaf characters in children's literature over the past two decades. The present study analyzed the portrayal of deaf characters in picture books for children ages 4-8 years. A content analysis of 20 children's picture books was conducted in which the books were analyzed for messages linked to pathological and cultural categories. Results indicated that these books did not portray Deaf characters from a cultural perspective but, rather, highlighted aspects of deafness as a medical condition, one that requires fixing and that perpetuates stereotypes of deafness as a disability.     

Sexual abuse of deaf children. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence and characteristics of childhood sexual abuse among deaf adults in Norway

OBJECTIVE: North American studies conclude that deaf children may have a 2-3 times greater risk of sexual abuse than hearing children. No comparative studies are available in the Nordic countries. The present study was initiated to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among deaf children in Norway, describe the nature of the abuse, and to examine risk factors. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was sent in 1999 to all 1150 adult deaf members of the Norwegian Deaf Register. The Deaf Register includes all deaf Norwegians. The questionnaire, which was also available videotaped in sign language, was an adapted version of a questionnaire used in a Norwegian survey among the general adult population in 1993. The results from this earlier study were used as a comparison group. RESULTS: Deaf females aged 18-65 who lost their hearing before the age of 9 (N = 177) reported sexual abuse with contact before the age of 18 years more than twice as often as hearing females, and deaf males more than three times as often as hearing males. The abuse of the deaf children was also more serious. Very few cases were reported to parents, teachers, or authorities. CONCLUSIONS: Deaf children are at greater risk of sexual abuse than hearing children. The special schools for the deaf represent an extra risk of abuse, regardless of whether the deaf pupils live at home or in boarding schools.     

Deaf clubs today: do they still have a role to play? The cases of Cyprus and Greece

The present study investigated the current functions of Deaf clubs in Cyprus and in Greece. The researchers conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 24 Cypriot and 22 Greek deaf individuals ages 19-54 years. The researchers found that the Deaf clubs in both countries provide a gathering place for deaf people, organize social and sport activities, and promote their demands through legislation. In addition, Deaf clubs maintain and transmit Deaf culture and history to future generations, offer Deaf role models to young deaf children and their families, and provide Deaf awareness to hearing people (e.g., through sign languages classes). The study participants also stressed the role of Deaf clubs in deaf people's lives, unity, and prospects for future progress.     

Integrating hearing and deaf students on a college campus. Successes and barriers as perceived by hearing students

This study had two purposes: (1) to learn how hearing students in a mainstream college setting perceive deaf students as classmates, and (2) to discover how those perceptions influence the integration of deaf and hearing students on campus. Thirty full-time students at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, were interviewed using in-depth, open-ended interview strategies. It was found that even in this setting, designed expressly to integrate deaf and hearing students, full integration did not occur. Deaf students were successfully placed on the campus with hearing students for educational purposes; however, social integration did not occur.     

Sports and the deaf child

The increasingly sedentary American lifestyle has resulted in a growing number of overweight and out-of-shape school-age children. Deaf children are not exempt from this trend, yet there is little evidence that public school programs for these children are doing anything to counter it. Much can be done to assist deaf students, not only in becoming more active movers but in gaining knowledge of opportunities and benefits associated with Deaf sport. The authors provide an argument for schools that expose deaf children to the role of sports in the Deaf community and for designing programs that will enable these children to become active participants in Deaf sport activities as athletes and organizers, or, later in life, when they no longer have the inclination or ability to compete, as spectators, with all the socialization benefits that form of involvement provides.     

高校公选音乐欣赏课教学思路探究

音乐欣赏课作为音乐教育的核心课程之一,对培养大学生的艺术情操、个性建构和创造力发挥等方面具有重要作用。这门课程不仅是音乐专业院系学生的必修课程,也是全校非音乐专业学生的公共选修类课程。作为一名公选音乐课的教师,应当制定特殊的教学思路,根据教学对象的不同,因材施教,引导学生进入音乐表现的情境之中,激发他们在欣赏过程中的主动性和创造性。     

Mental health problems of deaf Dutch children as indicated by parents' responses to the child behavior checklist

Emotional/behavioral problems of 238 deaf Dutch children ages 4-18 years were studied. Parental reports indicated that 41% had emotional/behavioral problems, a rate nearly 2.6 times higher than the 16% reported by parents of a Dutch normative sample. Mental health problems seemed most prevalent in families with poor parent-child communication. Deaf children ages 12-18 showed more problems with anxiety and depression and more social problems than those ages 4-11. Deaf children with relatively low intelligence showed more social problems, thought problems, and attention problems than those with relatively high intelligence. The authors stress the need to get information on deaf children's mental health functioning not just from parents but from other informants such as teachers and the children themselves. An expansion assessment of deaf children, and of special services and treatments for deaf children and adolescents with emotional/behavioral problems, is recommended.     

The impact of maternal deafness on cradling laterality with deaf and hearing infants

A recent article in the Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (Leigh, Brice, & Meadow-Orlans, 2004) explored attachment between deaf mothers and their 18-month-old children and reported relationship patterns similar to those for hearing dyads. The study reported here explores a marker of early mother-child relationships: cradling laterality. Results indicated that, overall, the cradling bias of deaf mothers is similar to that of hearing mothers, but that there are significant differences among deaf mothers related to the hearing status of their own parents and, in a complex way, to the hearing status of their children. Deaf mothers of deaf parents showed a strong leftward cradling bias with both hearing and deaf children, whereas deaf mothers of hearing parents showed a leftward cradling bias with hearing children and a rightward cradling bias with deaf children. Possible explanations for these patterns of behavior are discussed.     

浅谈当代部分大学生的音乐审美观

讨论了部分中国大学生的音乐审美误区,应树立正确的音乐审美观念,培养全面的音乐审美欣赏能力,特别加强传统音乐欣赏能力。