新城疫灭活疫苗免疫的抗病毒机理

新城疫是由新城疫病毒引起鸡、火鸡、鸽等禽类的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,是危害养鸡业的三大传染病之一,目前预防新城疫主要使用弱毒疫苗和灭活疫苗。本文主要从抗原提呈角度,分析新城疫灭活苗免疫后,鸡体发生的免疫反应及其机理,并分析该免疫反应建立后鸡体对抗该病毒再次感染的途径。     

癫痫与弓形虫感染的关系研究

目的探讨癫痫发病与弓形虫感染的关系。方法用ELISA法检测癫痫患者(患者组)28例和健康人(对照组)46例的血清弓形虫IgG、IgM抗体及循环抗原(CAg),阳性者为弓形虫感染。结果患者组弓形虫感染率为21.43%,其中1例儿童患者IgG和IgM抗体双阳性;对照组仅检出IgG抗体,感染率为26.09%,两组中CAg均未检出。两组感染率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论癫痫的发病与弓形虫感染的关系不大,但少数癫痫患者需排除弓形虫脑病。     

丙肝病毒核心抗原与丙肝病毒抗体检测的比较

目的：了解丙肝病毒核心抗原检测的意义.方法：采用HCV游离核心抗原试剂盒,对来自入院前或手术前筛查的180例临床样本和24例丙肝或疑似丙肝患者的血清样本进行HCV-cAg和HCV-Ab检测,阳性者用反转录多聚酶链反应（RT-RNA）证实.结果：180例筛查样本HCV-Ab均为阴性,HCV-cAg阳性2例,其中RT-RNA阳性1例;24例HCV-Ab阳性的样本检出HCV-cAg阳性12例,RT-RNA阳性14例.HCV-cAg与RT-RNA符合率为85.71%（12/14）.结论：HCV核心抗原检出时间早于抗体,HCV-cAg检测试剂盒可作为HCV抗体检测的补充试剂.     

血型抗原的的遗传与运用

血型及其多态特征在许多遗传问题中的运用已趋广泛,如在医院产房或育婴室中发生的婴儿错换、有争议的父权问题,痕检中的涉嫌者等常需通过血型做出签定.由于血液成分易于分类为不同的表现型,它们的遗传方式相对的较为简单,以及在不同的群体中有不同的频率,而使这些多态性对于群体研究、家族研究以及连锁分析等都是极有用的遗传标记.虽然所有血液成分的遗传都有多态性,包括HLA系统也可称为血型.但“血型”这一术语,习惯上只限于红细胞膜上的抗原.人类的血型抗原均系由特异性抗血清检出,所用最主要的血清学方法是红细胞凝集试验.血型抗体有完全抗体和不完全抗体之分,完全抗体可使具有对应抗原的红细胞在盐水悬液中即可发生凝集;不完全抗体只能使具有对应抗原的红细胞在蛋白质胶体悬液中发生凝集,或在抗人体球蛋白试验中发生凝集.血型抗体又可分为天然抗体和免疫抗体,天然抗体为完全抗体,大多为IgM,但它有的抗体虽属天然抗体,却为不完全抗体;免疫抗体为不完全抗体,限于IgG.对某一血型抗原来说,完全抗体和不完全抗体的特异性是一致的.一、主要血型抗原所谓主要血型抗原,是指目前已经确认的20个血型系统中各自的主要抗原(表1),它们均已被检出,位点和基因也已确定.     

鸡霍乱组织灭活苗的研究

选择鸡源多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1强毒株(血清1型)接种鸡胚,收集死胚组织,分别以油乳剂、蜂胶和铝胶为佐剂,按一定比例配制成每毫升含1.5×1010个巴氏杆菌的灭活苗.经试验证明,该疫苗安全、有效,其中油乳剂灭活苗的保护期和蜂胶灭活苗的保护期相当,但蜂胶灭活苗的抗体水平上升速度比油乳剂苗快且保护率高;铝胶苗的效果不及蜂胶苗和油苗.     

Gga-miR-29b-3p抑制MDV转化细胞侵袭和原癌基因Meq表达

目的:研究gga-miR-29b-3p对马立克氏病(MD)肿瘤转化细胞侵袭和原癌基因Meq表达的影响.方法:选取SPF白来航鸡在感染马立克氏病病毒(MDV)后引发的内脏淋巴瘤为样本,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测gga-miR-29b-3p的表达情况;利用在线生物软件对gga-miR-29b-3p潜在的靶基因进行功能分析.以该miRNA为研究对象,MDV转化细胞系MDCC-MSB1为试验材料,分别转染miRNA激动剂或阴性对照,检测细胞侵袭相关基因MM P2和MM P9以及MDV原癌基因Meq的表达情况.结果:Gga-miR-29b-3p在感染MDV白来航鸡的肿瘤化脾脏和肝脏淋巴瘤中均显著低表达.信号通路方面miRNA的预测靶基因分别参与FoxO信号通路、mTOR信号通路、Jak-STAT信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、ErbB信号通路、VEGF信号通路和细胞凋亡等,这些信号通路可参与肿瘤发生进程.转染miRNA激动剂后,MMP2和MMP9基因的表达量在48 h显著下调(P<0.05);Meq基因在48 h表达显著下调(P<0.05).结论:Gga-miR-29b-3p抑制细胞侵袭和病毒原癌基因的表达,其潜在靶基因能够介导肿瘤发生,提示该miRN A可能参与M D肿瘤转化过程.     

基因探针技术检测血清1型马立克氏病病毒的研究

选用马立克氏病病毒（MDV）GA株BamHI基因文库中LDNA片段，制成DIG—标记的MDV核酸探针，分别对1型MDV强毒株（BJ-1株）和弱毒株（Md11／75c株）感染材料的核酸进行dotblot杂交检测，结果显示均有阳性呈色反应；而对MDV血清2型（SB-1株）、3型（Fe126株）及禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（REV）和淋巴细胞性白血病病毒（LLV）感染细胞的核酸，作上述同样检测，则均未见任何颜色显现。     

一个白来航鸡品系免疫活性测量的遗传分析

本文研究了衣阿华大学白来航鸡S_1品系的免疫活性。该品系已根据红血球抗原B(Ea—B)等位基因(B~1B~1或B~(19)B~(19))、对谷—丙—酪氨酸(GAT)的抗体应答(强、或弱)以及对罗斯肉瘤病毒诱发肿瘤的反应(促进或抑制)分成了8个亚系。对巴氏多杀杆菌(PM)、鸡败血枝原体(MG)和传染性法氏囊病病毒疫苗的抗体应答通过酶标记法评价,对吞噬细胞活性和T细胞调节反应分别通过碳清除法和植物凝集素(PHA)注射法测量。 在三种测量中均观察到显著的单倍型(亚系)差异和种公鸡家系差异。在吞噬细胞活性和T细胞调节反应中观察到显著的性别差异。对GAT有强抗体应答的单倍型,其PM和MG疫苗的抗体效价显著高于对GAT抗体应答弱的亚系。在两种染苗的抗体水平之间观察到显著的正相关。在母鸡中观察到吞噬细胞活性和T细胞调节反应之间显著的负相关。资料表明,要选择最佳的免疫应答,必须全面地考虑个体免疫活性的各个方面。     

弓形虫感染小鼠尿液中弓形虫循环抗原的检测

目的：探索弓形虫感染早期诊断的快速简便方法。方法：用快速ELISA检测弓形虫轻度、中度和重度感染小鼠尿中弓形虫循环抗原（TCA）。结果：在轻、中、重3个感染组鼠尿中均检出TCA。结论：快速ELISA是一种特异、敏感的弓形虫循环抗原检测方法,可用于弓形虫感染的早期诊断。     

双抗体ELISA检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病原

用单克隆抗体双抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测自然发病鸡和人工感染鸡的法氏囊及其它脏器和ＩＢＤＶ细胞毒，病鸡的法氏囊ＩＢＤＶ检出率约１００％，其它脏器较低，ＩＢＤＶ细胞毒毒公明显低于组织毒。     

党参粗提物对免疫青脚麻鸡血清抗体效价的影响

观察不同浓度的党参粗提物对青脚麻鸡血清中新城疫(ND)及传染性法氏囊炎(IBD)抗体效价的影响。400只1日龄青脚麻鸡随机均分4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别在饮水中添加0 g/L、0.5 g/L、1 g/L和2g/L的党参粗提物,14日龄开始给药,连续饮用6周,正常鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊免疫。每周末各组随机抽样8只,心脏采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制实验(HI)测定ND抗体效价,琼脂扩散实验测定IBD抗体效价。结果表明,血清ND-HI抗体效价自28日龄起,IBD琼扩效价自35日龄起,党参各组较对照组均高出1～2个滴度以上,说明添加党参粗提物能够提高青脚麻鸡血清中ND-HI和IBD的抗体效价,其中中剂量药效为佳。     

Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination （H5N1） in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS）

Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.     

P（MA -AA）/羽毛多肽复合纳米纤维膜吸附铅离子的性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术,制备P（MA-AA）/羽毛多肽复合纳米纤维膜,研究了铅离子的初始浓度、反应的时间、羽毛多肽的含量对复合纳米纤维膜吸附量的影响。结果表明：铅离子浓度的增加,复合纳米纤维膜吸附量增大且纳米纤维膜吸附铅离子为吸热反应;在60min时基本达到吸附平衡且饱和吸附量为33．46mg/g;未加入羽毛多肽时,纳米纤维膜吸附量为34．5g,羽毛多肽质量分数为10％时,复合纳米纤维膜吸附量最小;羽毛多肽质量分数在10％～20％时,复合纳米纤维膜吸附量逐渐增加,羽毛多肽质量分数超过20％时,无法收集到纳米纤维膜。     

Combination of small interfering RNAs mediates greater inhibition of human hepatitis B virus replication and antigen expression

INTRODUCTION Chronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) isassociated with a high risk of liver cirrhosis and pri-mary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It remains animportant global health problem with over 350 mil-lion chronic HBV carriers worldwide. Among thesechronic carriers, about one million people die ofHBV-associated liver failure or HCC annually (Kaoand Chen, 2002). Although chronically infected pa-tients have been treated with interferons and nucleo-side analogs, th…     

鸡传染性贫血病弱毒苗免疫对肝线粒体抗氧化酶活性的影响

观察鸡传染性贫血病弱毒苗多次免疫对肝线粒体中抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：20只SPF鸡随机分为2组,每组10只,免疫组鸡用鸡传染性贫血弱毒苗免疫四次,每次间隔2W,对照组鸡用同剂量的生理盐水。最后一次免疫后10d取肝脏制备线粒体,利用测试盒测定肝线粒体中的GSH-PX活性、SOD活性和MDA含量。结果：对照组肝线粒体中GSH-Px活性、SOD活性和MDA含量分别为20．444±2．64U／mgprot、15．59±1．33U／mgprot和7．32＋1．89nmol／mL,免疫组肝线粒体中GSH-Px活性、SOD活性和MDA含量分别为24．85±3．53U／mgprot、24．284±4．17U／mgprot和5．264±1．24nmol／mL。与对照组相比,免疫组肝线粒体中GSH-PX活性显著提高（P〈0．05）,SOD活性极显著提高（P〈0．01）,MDA含量显著减低（P〈0．05）。结论：鸡传染性贫血病多次免疫可提高机体抗氧化能力。     

Psychological factors capable of preventing the inhibition of antibody responses in separated infant monkeys

The capacity of infant squirrel monkeys to mount an antibody response to viral challenge was evaluated after removal from their mothers in several social and physical environments. Control and separated infants were injected with a benign virus, the bacteriophage X174, and levels of neutralizing antibody were assessed for 3 weeks. Infants separated alone in an unfamiliar environment showed a significant reduction in antibody levels as compared to control infants. Allowing infants to remain in the home environment, either alone or with peers, prevented this inhibition of antibody responses from occurring. Similarly, providing familiar peers in the novel environment facilitated the normal expression of antibody responses. These results indicate that the trauma of maternal separation is significantly reduced when infants are familiar with the separation environment or familiar social companions are available. The reduced antibody response was associated with the highest level of adrenal activation induced by the unfamiliar separation condition, but antibody titers and plasma cortisol levels could not be specifically correlated in individual infants.     

超声空化场反射时的声致荧光像

本文研究了不同物体反射时的声致荧光影像,由此进一步分析了超声空化场的反射传输特点.     

Application of a recombinant replicase to localize the Trionyx sinensis hemorrhagic syndrome virus and evaluate its effects on antiviral genes of T. sinensis

Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus(TSHSV) is an arterivirus newly discovered in Chinese softshell turtles. Little is known about the effect of antibodies against the virus or the distribution of the virus in different organs of infected turtles. In this study, a partial protein of TSHSV-HP4 was produced using a prokaryotic expression system, and its polyclonal antibody was generated. The polyclonal antibody was confirmed by western blot and dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(dot-ELISA). The distribution of TSHSV in different organs of T. sinensis was examined by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and the expression of immune-related genes was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). The results indicated that the recombinant TSHSV-HP4 protein was successfully expressed, and the generated polyclonal antibody showed specific binding to viral particles in the lung tissues of infected turtles. The IHC assay indicated that the virus was highly localized in various cells, including intestinal lymphocytes,enterocytes, kidney epithelial cells, spleen cells, lung macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TSHSV was detected in all organs tested, including the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart. The numbers of viral mRNA copies in lung and heart tissues were significantly higher in the virus-antibody group than in the virus group. The interferonstimulated genes(ISGs), myxovirus resistance protein 2(MX2) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2(RSAD2) were highly upregulated in all groups of infected turtles. Antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) seemed to occur after stimulation by the polyclonal antibody, because significantly greater expression of the two genes was detected in the virus-antibody group than in the virus group. Overall, these results are important in understanding the cell localization of TSHSV and the immune response of infected turtles.     

鹌鹑伴性羽色用于遗传实验教学的方法研究

鹌鹑栗、黄、白3种羽色具有伴性遗传的特点，在遗传实验教学中具有极高的应用价值．本文将蛋用鹌鹑杂交，孵化、育雏、饲养管理、繁殖育种以及相关的技术引入到遗传实验，旨在尝试一种能够取代或完善果蝇杂交实验，具有教学个性的新方法．本实验方法与果蝇实验方法各有特色，前者更能全方位多层面地对学生进行生命科学知识与技术教育．