利益相关者视角下民办高校监管体系的构建

民办高校是一种典型的利益相关者组织,民办高校举办者、学生及其家长、教职工、政府和公众等,都是民办高校健康发展中关系密切的利益相关者。基此,在完善学校法人治理结构上,民办高校应立足于利益相关者治理,构建利益相关者参与的监督体系,以维护利益相关者的利益、保障高等教育的公益性与公共性。但在现实办学实践中,我国民办高校内外监督制约机制普遍缺失,利益相关者难以起到监督作用。我国民办高校事实上陷入"家族化"经营治理,从而极大制约着民办高校的持续健康发展。当前,民办高校应着力建立健全以监事会为重点的内部利益相关者监督机制和以政府监管为主体的外部利益者监督机制,以此完善学校治理结构,纠正民办高等教育市场失灵,进而实现民办高校持续健康发展。     

利益相关者视角下民办高校提升办学水平的策略

利益相关者对民办高校的生存和发展产生越来越重要的影响。为顺应国际高等教育改革发展的新趋势,提升民办高校办学水平需要突破传统,应用利益相关者理论,采取相应策略,建立以＂多元主体参与、共同协作发展＂的治理模式,是民办高校提升办学水平的必由之路。     

民办高校建立共同治理结构模式研究

我国民办高校法人治理模式为"人力资本控制模式"和"股东单边控制模式",这两种治理模式存在很多问题,不利于保护民办高校利益相关者的权利.借鉴国外法人共同治理的理论和经验,我国民办高校法人治理结构应实行利益相关者共同治理结构模式,并建立相应的共同治理机制.     

我国民办高校内部治理结构类型及演变路径

我国民办高校内部治理结构的演变就是出资者控制权与教职工控制权不断冲突和合作的过程。根据出资者控制权与教职工控制权强弱的不同,我国民办高校的内部治理结构可划分为"松散型治理""人力资本单边治理""出资者单边治理""关键利益相关者共同治理"四种类型,并随着我国民办高校生命周期的不同阶段而发生演变。在2015年以后进入分类规范期后,必然会走向"关键利益相关者共同治理"。     

利益相关者视野中民办高等教育质量保障体系构建

民办高等教育质量保障活动中存在着多个利益相关者,政府、社会、民办高校(包括民办高校管理者、教师、学生)等都是民办高等教育质量保障的重要利益相关者.不同的利益相关者对民办高等教育质量有着不同的价值判断与利益诉求,在质量保障活动中进行着质量观和质量保障权力的博弈.在实践中,我国民办高等教育质量保障体系照搬公办高等教育质量保障标准,存在质量保障体系的官方化、外部化与单一化等弊端,极大地抑制了其他利益相关者对民办高等教育质量保障活动的参与,直接削弱了教育质量保障的有效性.为了充分发挥民办高等教育质量保障体系的功能,应当重视利益相关者对民办高等教育质量的价值诉求和质量保障权力,构建起多元利益相关者参与的民办高等教育质量保障体系,实现民办高等教育质量目标与利益相关者要求之间的协调和互动.     

利益相关者视阈下的民办高校教学质量管理机制创新研究

民办高校是一个典型的利益相关者组织,管理者、教师、学生与学生家长、政府、用人单位等都是民办高校的利益相关者。民办高校应关注并满足各利益相关者对教学质量的合理诉求,创新民办高校教学质量管理机制,建立健全多元利益相关者参与的教学质量决策机制、监督机制和评价机制,把民办高校教育之内部利益相关者与外部利益相关者纳入质量评价的视闽。     

共同价值引领下的非营利性民办高校有效治理:问题与思路

大学的利益相关者有效共同治理必须以共同价值为引领。从治理形式有效性和治理实质有效性两个方面分析,目前我国民办高校治理普遍存在决策权仍由"少数人"把控、决策与资源配置低效等诸多共性问题。非营利性民办高校的有效治理模式构建,须坚定共同治理理念,以共同价值为引领,追求权力配置形式的有效性,落实效率原则下的科学制度安排。     

地方高校“行政权主导下的共同治理”的构建

地方高校内部治理受多元因素的影响,构建"行政权主导下的共同治理"是现实的需要,旨在运用有力的行政管理,保障学校利益相关者参与共同治理,有效协调学术权和行政权,为学校建设发展营造良好的内外部环境。为此,要建立广泛的公众参与机制,通过完善学术委员会、建立基层学术组织和校务委员会等,保障内部各利益相关者共同参与学校决策的机制;要建设完善的行政管理机制,实行"校-院"分权分层治理,保障决策效率和决策执行力;要建立内外部激励监督机制,建立监事会,健全教代会、学代会,实现民主管理。     

利益相关者治理模式下的大学外部治理结构变革——以“U-G-S”为例

大学是多元利益相关者共同治理的组织。"U-G-S"作为一种办学模式,在推动卓越教师与未来教育家培养的同时,与政府建立"契约型"合作关系,与行业建立协同创新关系,与中小学校建立互惠共生关系,为外部利益相关者参与大学治理创设了平权环境、共治载体和保障机制。对解决当前我国大学外部治理结构变革中面临的利益相关者参与度不高、平台缺乏和机制单一等问题,推进大学治理结构和治理能力的现代化,具有借鉴意义和范本价值。     

基于利益相关者理论的高校人才培养方案制订机制研究

在利益相关者共同参与高校治理的大背景下,把利益相关者理论作为一种分析框架,将"人才培养方案制订"纳入研究视野,重点探讨学生、用人单位、教学管理者和学科(课程)专家等多元主体参与人才培养方案制订的机制。     

Online disclosure of university social responsibility: a comparative study of public and private US universities

Public and private universities tasked with incorporating principles of social responsibility (SR) into their activities face the multiple challenges of addressing expectations of diverse stakeholders, establishing mechanisms for dialogue, and achieving greater information transparency. This article has two goals: first, to analyze whether SR has become an essential element in activities associated with university accountability, information transparency, and the use of the Internet; second, to analyze whether SR is used by universities as a differentiating factor in relation to their status. A comparative study of public and private US universities shows that neither is strongly committed to the online disclosure of SR information, including in relation to sustainability-related activities. Moreover, there is a uniformity in the accountability activities of both university types, suggesting that the challenges are not being faced, and SR is not being used as a differentiating factor in the pursuit of positional or competitive advantage.     

基于利益相关者理论的民办学校财务管理目标分析

现代企业治理理论之一的利益相关者理论已被借鉴到管理学、社会学、政治学、教育学等诸多学科领域的研究中。根据米切尔评分法提出的属性和权重,对民办学校特点分析的基础上,将民办学校利益相关者分为核心利益相关者、重要利益相关者、间接利益相关者和边缘利益相关者四类。追求相关者利益最大化是民办学校财务管理的最理想目标。以此目标为导向,应在实践中兼顾各个利益关系,协调利益冲突,加强和完善财务管理体制,建立起民办学校所有利益相关者参与的共同治理结构。     

A methodological framework to analyze stakeholder preferences and propose strategic pathways for a sustainable university

Building sustainable universities calls for participative management and collaboration among stakeholders. Combining analytic hierarchy and network processes (AHP/ANP) with statistical analysis, this research proposes a framework that can be used in higher education institutions for integrating stakeholder preferences into strategic decisions. The proposed framework is applied to a private university in Turkey as a case study through a survey of 30 participants, representing key internal stakeholder groups. The present research extends the literature by adding a statistical analysis component involving a diverse sample of stakeholders, while previous applications of AHP/ANP in higher education involve a single or a few decision makers. The survey demonstrates stakeholder priorities with respect to sustainability performance indicators and a set of investment projects as well as how they change under low, medium and high financial constraints. The study finds that, while stakeholders have varying opinions regarding sustainable development, generally their highest priority is teaching, followed closely by research. Further, although stakeholders assign a high priority to environmental initiatives when the concern is service and social responsibility, they do not consider such investments profitable. Lastly, it appears that “high visibility” projects gain priority as the level of financial constraint increases.     

论高校内部财务控制中存在的问题及对策

随着高校资本运作规模不断扩大,高校经济活动呈现多样化和复杂化趋势。作为一种自我调节与自我约束的内在机制,内部控制在高校管理系统中有着举足轻重的作用,但是,由于内部控制制度存在着客观环境的局限性与内部控制制度自身的局限性等诸多因素的影响,在高校内部财务控制中还存在诸多问题。因此,相关制度的建立健全和有效实施,强化高校内部财务控制,进一步提高内控制度有效性,对高校未来全面快速发展具有十分重要的意义。     

中国民办高校财务运作与办学行为的实证研究

在经历了三十余年的快速发展之后,中国民办高等教育又重新站在了历史的重要转折点,面临严峻的生存危机。本研究从民办高校的财务分析入手,采用实证研究考察了民办高校办学模式中所存在的特质。研究发现:（1）我国民办高校在经费筹措方面高度依赖学费收入,尚未形成有效的多元化资金渠道;（2）政府高校评估与办学基准的调整,大幅增加了民办高校的基建支出压力,并由此导致教学运作直接成本的高度压缩;（3）民办高校主要通过学费标准优先策略、招生规模优先策略和提升院校的入学选拔性方式,扩大经费收入;（4）民办高校通过人员经费开支压缩     

利益相关者视角下的民办高校退出机制研究

在市场经济环境下,由于种种原因部分民办高校的撤资与倒闭在所难免,这是一种正常现象和必然趋势。但我国民办高校的退出机制在某种意义上还处于"真空"的状态,这与民办高校稳定运行的要求极不相称。建立健全民办高校退出机制,势在必行,意义重大。这一机制作为一种有效制度,应该要起到协调民办高校各利益相关者之间关系、激励和约束相关利益主体行为的作用。因此需要在利益相关者视角下进行民办高校退出机制的构建。     

Entrepreneurialism in Japanese and UK Universities: Governance, Management, Leadership, and Funding

This paper scrutinises organisational change in Japanese and UK universities which are engaged in entrepreneurial activities. The study focuses on recent changes in governance, management, leadership, and funding in these universities. The paper argues there are convergent trends between Japanese and UK universities in terms of increasing entrepreneurial activities, a review of institutional strategies, a review of the organisation, the application of market-oriented institutional policy, links with the industrial sector, the notion of a public financial crisis and changing external environment, strong leadership of the university President or Vice-Chancellor, and the notion of the accountability of the university to society as a whole. However, the application of particular institutional strategies, entrepreneurial culture, and the way in which an institution relates itself to the private sector significantly differs among institutions. The paper suggests that those differences are related to different institutional history and characteristics – including those between national and private universities in Japan, and old and new universities in the UK – as well as different government policies between Japan and the UK. The paper first proposes a theoretical model for the five types of entrepreneurial culture of the institutions. It then examines the model by using case studies: Nottingham Trent University (UK), University of Surrey (UK), University of Tokyo (Japan), and Waseda University (Japan).     

我国民办高校教师期权激励机制设计——基于利益相关者视域

中国民办高校发展至今,在高校办学理念的基础上逐渐融合了现代企业利益相关者的治理理念。文章依据中国民办高校办学实践,提取民办高校利益相关者主要构成:董事会(董事长)、校领导(校长)及核心教职工,阐释利益相关者主体间性关系及存在问题,提出并论证期权激励是消解利益相关者间问题的有效策略。在此基础上,提供一套规范科学、可供操作的期权激励的逻辑框架,包括期权确立的原则、选择激励的模式、确立行权的条件、确立辐射对象和数量,以及合理设置等待期和行权期等问题,供民办高校激励人才、优化内部治理结构参考。     

20世纪上半叶中国私立大学产生与发展的历史轨迹

追溯20世纪上半叶中国人自办与参办私立大学产生与发展的历史轨迹,是深入认识中国私立大学的路标和门径。20世纪前半期,中国私立大学在帝制末年孕育产生,在军阀混战中获得生长机遇,在抗战前10年取得长足进步,在抗战之后继续发展。此间,中国私立大学形成了自己基本的办学特点,诸如办学类型多元化、多渠道等筹措经费、精神立于物质之上、严格教育教学管理等,为中国高等教育发展作出了贡献。