论MIT的UROP方案在我国高校应用

美国较早就实施了大学本科生科研计划,而我国大学本科生科研计划相对而言起步较晚且局于一些名校,绝大多数高校本科生科研能力低下,本文分析了其四个主要原因,并在此基础上提出建立本科生科研管理机构及激励制度、改革教学模式等对策.     

国内外本科生科研训练计划的比较研究

本科生科研训练计划目前已成为学生开展创新实践的主要渠道,在培养学生创新能力方面发挥了重要的作用.文章从项目来源、资源投入、准入制度、过程管理、项目理念、实施侧重、参与主体、师生互动等方面,比较了国内外高校在实施本科生科研训练计划过程中的异同,并从高校性质定位、政策体制、课业压力、教师激励等角度分析了产生差异的原因,进一步给出了实施本科生科研训练计划的政策建议.     

经管类本科生科研训练体系构建研究

在各高校重视培养创新型人才的教学改革中,本科生参与科研训练普遍被认为是一种很有效的培养途径.本文借鉴国内外著名高校本科生科研训练的成功经验,从学校维度和学生维度两大方面着手,尝试构建经管类本科生科研训练的外部保障体系和四年一体化科研训练体系,帮助经管类院校本科生提高科研训练能力.     

本科生科研训练计划实施过程中的激励策略探析

针对本科生科研训练计划实施过程中学生动力缺乏、热情不高的现象,以全面激励理论为指导,结合本科生科研训练计划的具体实施过程,从全员激励、全程激励、全要素激励三个方面阐述了激励的策略。一是要创造"全员激励"的多元激励主体,二是要形成"全程激励"的完整激励周期,三是要完善"全要素激励"的激励制度和政策体系。     

不同年级本科生对科研训练的认识及参与——以四川大学环境科学专业为例

科研训练是提高本科生综合素质的重要途径。本研究以四川大学环境科学专业为例,通过问卷调查,统计分析本科生对科研训练的认识及参与程度,探讨参与科研训练对本科生综合素质的影响,在此基础上指出本科生参与科研训练存在的问题,提出在科研训练的实施过程中应注意科研训练对象的确定、科研训练的选题、科研训练时间的安排和过程的管理。     

省属高校经管类本科生科研训练课程建设研究

对于省属高校经管类本科生而言,加强科研训练是非常有必要的.科研训练可以开阔学生学科视野、知识面,增强学习兴趣与动力,培养学生的观察力、想象力、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力,培养学生的团队精神、沟通能力、严谨务实的态度.分析了省属高校经管类本科生科研训练课程中存在的问题,同时提出了省属高校经管类本科生科研训练课程的建设对策.     

本科生科研训练计划的实践经验及改进建议

通过参与本科生科研训练计划课题研究,可以培养本科生的科研能力和激发他们的创新意识,端正他们的治学态度,并强化他们的科学精神、敬业和团队合作意识.本文基于笔者自己承担多个本科生科研训练计划课题获得的实践经验和曾遇到的问题,并借鉴访问过的几所英美高校培养本科生科研能力的一些行之有效的方法,提出一些进一步改进该计划的建议.     

中美研究型大学本科生科研训练的比较研究

本科生科研训练是当前各研究型大学关注的热点问题之一。本文首先分析了研究型大学开展本科生科研训练活动的重要性,然后从组织与实施、参与形式及覆盖面等三方面对中美研究型大学本科生科研训练活动进行比较,最后借鉴美国成功经验并根据我国实际情况,对我国研究型大学开展本科生科研训练活动提出了若干建议。     

研究型大学本科生科研训练模式和机制探讨

本科生参与科研训练（SRT）是研究型大学的重要任务之一,是培养创新型人才的有效途径。基于国内外高校对人才培养模式的大胆改革,文章对本科生科研训练模式和机制进行了尝试,将它们融入一种综合的、能动的和创新的教育体系之中,搭建本科生创新精神和实践能力培养新平台,为培养本科生创新科研能力开拓了新天地,加强了大学生的科研实践,提升了大学生的综合素质。     

基于层次式创新实践模式的本科生科研训练

针对高校日益涌现的本科生科研训练,面对学生素质的差异性凸显的现状,本文介绍了我校工程制图层次式创新实践模式在对本科生科研训练项目上的实施情况,以及对层次式创新实践的优缺点进行了研究与分析,总结了经验与不足,为本科生科研训练的可持续发展提供了参考。     

Documenting the Aspiration Gap in Institutional Language About Undergraduate Research,Scholarship, and Creative Work

We conducted a content-analysis of the websites of 100 institutional members of the Council of Undergraduate Research in order to examine the relationship between messages communicated on websites as compared to messages expressed within institutional procedures and policies. Findings show that public research institutions were more likely than baccalaureate institutions to have an Office of Undergraduate Research. Further incentives and supports provided by such offices are predominantly directed to students. Lastly, our analysis of promotion and tenure policies reveals that only 14 institutions out of the 100 in our sample explicitly mentioned mentoring undergraduate researchers in the evaluation criteria for faculty members. We offer implications for research and practice.     

本科生科研项目对个人科研职业发展的影响——一项回顾性队列研究

培养本科生科研素养是当代本科生教育和创新人才教育的重要组成之一。我国高校多采取资助本科生科研项目的方式进行。为了解这一方式如何影响学生未来科研职业发展,本研究以复旦大学的本科生科研资助计划为对象,对该校2000—2017级参加和未参加科研项目的共576名大学生进行了回顾性队列研究。通过对在校生队列样本的分析,发现科研项目对学生在大学阶段从事科研职业的意愿提高23.2%。通过对毕业生队列样本的追踪分析,发现科研项目提升了本科生14.1%的攻读博士概率,以及提升了17.2%的在高校科研岗位就业概率。进一步的机制检验发现本科生科研项目主要通过促进学生对科研的了解和提升科研工作的自我效能感（而不是比同伴更有竞争力）来激发学生投身科研的意愿。     

中美两国研究型大学本科教育改革之比较

本科教育是大学教育的主体,是奠定高层次人才后续教育和终身发展的关键时期,如何发挥研究型大学特有的师资、设备、学科专业和生源优势,提供优质的本科教育是一个非常值得思考和研究的问题。本文以"博耶报告"的10条建议为参照,以"博耶3年后报告"和我国14所研究型大学的本科教学工作水平评估自评报告为依据,对两国研究型大学本科教育的改革现状进行比较,分析和诊断了研究型大学本科教学中存在的问题,提出了未来研究型大学本科教育改革的趋势,以期给我国研究型大学的本科教育教学改革以理论和实践启示。     

Scientific Teaching Targeting Faculty from Diverse Institutions

We offered four annual professional development workshops called STAR (for Scientific Teaching, Assessment, and Resources) modeled after the National Academies Summer Institute (SI) on Undergraduate Education in Biology. In contrast to the SI focus on training faculty from research universities, STAR''s target was faculty from community colleges, 2-yr campuses, and public and private research universities. Because of the importance of community colleges and 2-yr institutions as entries to higher education, we wanted to determine whether the SI model can be successfully extended to this broader range of institutions. We surveyed the four cohorts; 47 STAR alumni responded to the online survey. The responses were separated into two groups based on the Carnegie undergraduate instructional program categories, faculty from seven associate''s and associate''s-dominant institutions (23) and faculty from nine institutions with primarily 4-yr degree programs (24). Both groups expressed the opinion that STAR had a positive impact on teaching, student learning, and engagement. The two groups reported using techniques of formative assessment and active learning with similar frequency. The mix of faculty from diverse institutions was viewed as enhancing the workshop experience. The present analysis indicates that the SI model for training faculty in scientific teaching can successfully be extended to a broad range of higher education institutions.     

美国研究型大学本科生科研的模式

本科生科研活动是美国研究型大学本科教育的一个重要方面。根据美国本科生科研的预期目标和方式,可以将其大体划分为四种主要模式:降低辍学率的模式、科学职业发展的模式、研究学徒的模式和基于研究的学习的模式。     

Beyond Positivism: Research,Practice, and Undergraduate Professional Education

Undergraduate professional education programs are supposed to mediate the relationship between research and practice. The positivist conception of the curriculum and the research-practice relationship remain dominant today. Unfortunately, this positivist conception carries flawed views of the undergraduate curriculum and its mediating role. Research is inevitably incomplete and “silent” on aspects of practice. The positivist view ignores the necessity for problem-setting and the uncertainty, complexity, and diversity that are embedded in work practices. This view also brings unfounded assumptions about the effectiveness of courses and programs, the language of practice, the work epistemologies of practitioners, and practitioners' work organizations. An alternative conception is founded upon the realities and demands of practice. Rather than assuming that research can and should drive both undergraduate curricula and work practices, practice should serve as the source of coherence for both. Practitioners' work epistemologies, together with practice's uncertainty, complexity, and variability, require changes in research and undergraduate programs. Examples of these changes are explored, together with selected challenges for higher education in the 1990s.     

Amerikanische „Elitehochschulen“

The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education.     

Faculty Motivation to Mentor Students Through Undergraduate Research Programs: A Study of Enabling and Constraining Factors

Undergraduate research experiences are a “high impact” educational practice that confer benefits to students. However, little attention has been paid to understanding faculty motivation to mentor undergraduate students through research training programs, even as the number of programs has grown, requiring increasing numbers of faculty mentors. To address this, we introduce a conceptual model for understanding faculty motivation to mentor and test it by using empirical data to identify factors that enable and constrain faculty engagement in an undergraduate research program. Using cross-sectional survey data collected in 2013, we employed generalized linear modeling to analyze data from 536 faculty across 13 research institutions to examine how expected costs/benefits, dispositional factors, situational factors, previous experience, and demographic factors predicted faculty motivation to mentor. Results show that faculty who placed greater value on the opportunity to increase diversity in the academy through mentorship of underrepresented minorities were more likely to be interested in serving as mentors. Faculty who agreed more strongly that mentoring undergraduate students was time consuming and their institution’s reward structures were at odds with mentoring, or who had more constrained access to undergraduate students were less likely to be interested in serving as mentors. Mid-career faculty were more likely than late-career faculty to be interested in serving as mentors. Findings have implications for improving undergraduate research experiences, since the success of training programs hinges on engaging highly motivated faculty members as mentors.     

美国研究型大学本科生科研发展概述

美国研究型大学本科生科研活动的开展经历了不同的发展阶段,20世纪90年代以后有了很大的发展。本科生科研活动作为教育改革重要的措施之一得以不断扩展和完善,并且日益融入美国研究型大学以研究为本的本科教育体系改革之中。     

高职院校发展本科层次高等职业教育的思考

发展本科层次高等职业教育是职业教育发展的趋势,通过部分优秀高职高专院校升格发展本科层次高等职业教育是一条简捷有效的道路。本文通过分析高职本科与专科在培养目标、人才规格、课程体系的差异,提出对高职院校发展本科层次高职教育的几点认识。