中国历史文化名城保护的信息化发展历程与展望

以时间和事件为脉络,从历史文化名城保护发展需求牵引与信息技术应用驱动两个方面,基于政策及学术文献梳理历史文化名城保护信息化发展的历程,概括为既相互关联又各具特色的6个阶段,分别是基础信息测绘、环境遥感调查、时空信息管理、规划决策支持、保护监测评估、活化利用服务。在此基础上,面向未来历史文化名城保护、利用传承及信息技术发展与应用趋势,展望3个发展方向：一是多维度精细保护,二是多粒度监测评估,三是多场景活化利用,旨在促进历史文化名城保护从信息化走向智慧化。     

广州历史文化名城保护及其数字化探索

历史文化名城保护是城乡历史文化保护传承体系搭建的重要基础。作为中国首批历史文化名城,广州文化地域性格鲜明,蕴含着丰富的历史、艺术、科学价值。梳理40年来广州历史文化名城保护历程,广州名城保护工作在保护体系建构、保护要素提取、保护特色呈现等方面有显著特点,取得了一定成果。近年来更是在名城信息记录数字化、信息监测数字化、信息展示数字化和数字化国际合作等方面作出积极的探索,形成了丰富的广州经验。未来广州可通过创新保护理念、改善保护方法、优化保护机制,焕发老城市新活力,使广州名城保护工作更加出新出彩。     

征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城的保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城的保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城的保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城的保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

江苏国家历史文化名城保护地方立法发展、比较及完善

江苏13座城市入选国家历史文化名城,体现了该地区深厚的文化历史积淀和优秀的城市精神内涵。地方立法作为一种法律保障,对加强历史名城保护、弘扬优秀传统文化、约束各类破坏行为起到重要作用。对江苏10座地级市的名城保护地方立法发展进行梳理,对各市立法名称、目的、体例、保护对象、保护措施、法律责任进行比较研究,提出修订和新增相关立法时可采用的思路和建议,可为丰富名城保护法治理论提供参考。     

征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城的保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

中国名城征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

中国名城 征稿启事

《中国名城》是由国家名城委创办,国家住房和城乡建设部、国家文物局和中国城市科学研究会、苏州大学支持的专业性、前沿性学术期刊,创刊于1987年。江泽民同志题写刊名。杂志全方位展示现代区域和城市建设、城市规划、城市经济和城市文化、城市遗产保护等领域最新研究成果,深入探讨中国历史文化名城保护方法和利用途径,总结推广现代化城市建设、城镇化、乡村振兴以及历史文化名城在保护、建设、管理和利用等方面的理论研究成果及工作实践经验。     

我国单位大院街区化更新技术体系研究

街区化更新可使单位大院重新纳入城市系统,是优化城市空间布局和管理模式的必要选择。首先在界定研究对象的基础上,明确了单位大院街区化更新的定义,及其产生的社会、经济和文化效应;其次通过案例分析,从个体到整体地总结出目前我国街区化更新面临的主要技术困境;最后据此从更新参与主体、实施类型、技术要点与评价指标以及实施流程四方面探讨并构建街区化更新技术体系,以期为单位大院的可持续发展提供可借鉴的方法措施,并指出指标完善和流程优化是进一步研究的重要议题。     

基于历史性城镇景观视角的黎巴嫩提尔古城保护

面对不断增长的开发压力,越来越多的历史城镇空间景观遭到新建项目的威胁与破坏,历史性城镇景观(HUL)方法尝试以景观视角解读当前发展对于历史城镇的影响。借由当前快速城镇化背景下历史城镇的保护与发展问题,阐述HUL方法形成过程与内涵,明确其特点与进步所在,并在研究黎巴嫩提尔古城保护案例的基础上,详细介绍了HUL方法所提出的工作手段,即知识和规划手段、公众参与手段、监管制度与财务手段,进而针对我国历史城镇的问题与诉求,从重视历史城镇整体性保护、强调历史层积、协调发展历史城镇和文化旅游、加强公众参与等四个方面探讨基于历史性城镇景观视角的规划方法,以期更好地促进我国历史城镇的保护和发展。     

基于数字技术的历史街区空间更新与文化价值活化设计——以南京南捕厅历史街区为例

以南京市南捕厅历史街区为例,通过综合运用三维地理信息系统、多元异构时空数据分析、历史信息比对等技术手段,展示了复合历史空间导向的数字化保护与更新实践。通过无人机倾斜摄影测量技术,对历史街区的大场景进行纹理数据采集,构建整个历史街区的三维数据模型。在历史研究的基础上,为历史街区更新构建合理的历史空间形态框架,并对历史街巷内部一系列公共空间节点进行了保护更新设计。在此基础上,基于多源异构时空数据分析手段,通过对南京主城及和南捕厅历史街区文化活动的精准画像,探求南捕厅历史街区价值活化的路径。     

历史文化风貌区保护的地方实践与思考——基于规划文本、地方法规与技术导则的分析

通过多个历史文化名城的相关保护规划文本、地方保护条例(办法)以及地方规划编制技术导则的分析,对历史文化风貌区的地方实践进行总结。"历史文化风貌区"较历史文化街区具有更丰富内涵与复杂性特征,保护规划过程中应注意识别"历史文化风貌区"中出现的新类型与内部价值要素,在探索和完善地方历史文化遗产保护体系的前提下,秉承不同于历史文化街区的保护思路,探索差异化的、量体裁衣式的历史文化风貌区保护方法。     

Recording and documenting the chromatic information of architectural heritage

One essential approach in preserving architectural heritage is the documentation of 3D geometries and surface textures of historic buildings. For example, precise colour information, excluding lighting effects, is an intrinsic property of the surface materials of building interiors and exteriors. However, while colour information has been recorded for small sample areas, it has not been accurately documented on the scale of entire building surfaces. This is critical, because building materials decay and their colours fade with time. The goal of this project is to develop a method to assist in recording and documenting the chromatic information of interiors and exteriors of historic buildings with low cost and high efficiency. The method takes advantage of emerging high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) technology, which can store rich information about colour and illumination through digital photography. By recording the colour information, in addition to the geometry and texture information obtained through other existing technologies, we can achieve more complete documentation for architectural heritage. In this paper, we discuss an overview of the problem and present our algorithms for utilizing computer vision techniques to retrieve chromatic information of historic buildings. We also present and discuss our experiments and results of applying our method to studies of lab objects and the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, Beijing.     

Developing a toolkit for mapping and displaying stone alteration on a web-based documentation platform

Stone conservation at Chambord Castle and monitoring of its changes over time is actually an urgent necessity in order to preserve and enhance this historic and tourist site. Its porous stones suffer from degradation problems depending on physical and chemical parameters that are the origin of frequent restorations. The goal of this research is to supply authorities of the castle with a tool for scientific monitoring and decision support, based on the acquisition of alteration mapping and on the estimation of degradation patterns, in order to permit rational programming operations of restorations. This paper proposes an approach for digital documentation about the conservation state of buildings. The approach is based on the connection between a structured 3D model and structured 2D mapping data. In particular, in the NUBES web platform, a specific interface has been implemented, permitting the displaying and cross-reference of 2D mapping data on the 3D model in real time, by means of structured 2D layer-like annotations concerning stone degradation, dating, and material.     

Approach to environmental risk analysis for the main monuments in a historical city

The analysis of environmental risk in historical cities facilitates the development of conservation strategies that can minimize the deterioration of historical heritage sites. Risk maps built with GIS software provide information about the probability of the main hazards in a region, and is a very useful tool to identify, evaluate and prioritize the restoration budget of a city in order to manage preventive conservation. In this paper, new methodologies are applied based on the vulnerability matrix and its relationship with static and structural factors, climate conditions, air quality and social agents. This technique has some obvious advantages in the application of risk analysis for cultural heritage conservation, such as the capability of simultaneous risk assessment and geographical references. The vulnerability study implies an on-site diagnosis analysis and requires an adapted protocol for archaeological heritage. The validation of this methodology was carried out in the historical town of Merida (Spain) with a GIS application (ArcGIS software), where the main monuments of this UNESCO World Heritage site were studied.     

Computer aided analysis of the buildings

This paper examines how information systems can assist experts to analyse the state of conservation of buildings of historic importance. The main focus is on image compression, characterisation and recognition, all of which are fundamental for defining a database on the state of conservation. In particular, an overview of available methods is presented for characterising the structure of materials and recognising the various degrees of degradation. A new unified approach to image compression, characterisation and recognition is also proposed. Applications are included for processing stone images.     

Structural evaluation of restoration processes with holographic diagnostic inspection

Implementation of laser technology in art conservation has resulted in an increased consideration of intervention restoration processes. Skepticism is raised regarding the side effects of interactions that could induce either short- or long-term irreversible physical alterations. Herein, an integrated laser-optic module based on the principles of holographic interferometry (HI) has been developed to study existent structural condition and probable alterations. The experimental procedure involved allows repeatable data acquisition in long-term monitoring. The tested system and methodology overcome a fragmented structural approach imposed in art conservation diagnostics by existing instruments and practices, and a full field response offering a detailed source of information is obtained. The controlled procedures by which interference fringes are formed by laser cleaned surfaces permit their long-term comparison. The results urged studies on the fundamental mechanical behavior of defects. Thus, the high resolution of HI recording was used to study the dynamics of deterioration by detecting the potential of existing defects’ natural propagation, which for the first time is described here. The study can form the basis to distinguish natural from artificially induced alterations. Comparative evaluation during conventional conservation consolidation processes was performed on an early El Greco painting which resulted in a direct evaluation of the restoration action. The results thus far were acquired in laboratory facilities. A custom-developed system was next transported to the museum floor and a significant outcome of on-field holography complementing established structural conservation diagnostics was accomplished.     

Past,present and future effects of climate change on a wooden inlay bookcase cabinet: A new methodology inspired by the novel European Standard EN 15757:2010

This article illustrates a preventive conservation methodology for wooden collections and objects based on the respect of the historic climate, as established by the European standard EN 15757:2010. This requires the knowledge of the past indoor climate that should be kept unchanged in the present and the future, because discontinuities would be noxious for conservation. To this aim, a very vulnerable object, i.e. a wooden inlay bookcase cabinet built by G.M. Platina in 1477 AD has been considered. The paper illustrates the methodology used to reconstruct the historic climate, i.e. with proxy data from 1500 to 1715 and from 1716 to 2009 with instrumental observations. For the present, the indoor climate of the exhibition room and the cabinet response have been investigated to remove the perturbing factors that are damaging the cabinet. For the future, the ENSEMBLES model has been used for a probabilistic forecast of the temperature and humidity over the next century, the sustainability and the potential risk for conservation connected with the expected climate change. This research constitutes an example of a novel methodology based on the relevance of the Historic climate, and includes a synergistic effort of climatologists, material scientists and conservators, to be applied for preventive conservation and to evaluate and face the negative impact of the expected climate change.