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1.
目的 探析我国儿童基本运动技能发展等级、熟练程度与动作成分表现的现状,为儿童动作发展评估监测与运动干预提供参考。方法 选取我国东、中、西部14省市的11 480名3~10岁儿童进行基本运动技能测评,对其发展等级、掌握程度以及动作成分表现等进行定性分析与定量比较。结果 (1)中国儿童基本运动技能水平出现发展迟缓现象;(2)中国儿童基本运动技能熟练度普遍低于60%;(3)中国儿童基本运动技能动作成分失败率偏高;(4)中国儿童移动技能与操控技能发展失衡。结论 (1)中国儿童基本运动技能熟练度水平明显偏低,并出现发展迟缓现象,这可能与身体活动水平不足潜在减少基本运动技能的习得机会有关;(2)中国儿童由于上下肢配合、肢体双侧协调以及肌肉骨骼发育薄弱,从而导致基本运动技能关键动作成分发育受阻,难以突破动作发展“熟练度障碍”的束缚;(3)中国儿童操控技能发展迟缓明显,导致移动技能与操控技能发展失衡,并成为影响个体青少年时期体育参与的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
目的调查轻度智障儿童基本运动技能(FMS)与体力活动水平,探讨二者之间的关系,为该群体运动参与能力的提升及其健康促进提供指导思路。方法选取上海市65名轻度智障儿童作为调查对象,运用TGMD-2和ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度传感器分别对其FMS及体力活动水平进行测量和评价,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果轻度智障儿童FMS平均总得分为(67.82±7.31)分,其中位移技能得分显著高于物理控制技能(P<0.01),男生位移技能得分显著高于女生(P<0.05),但物体控制技能无显著性别差异(P>0.05)。15.6%的轻度智障儿童能满足每天60 min中高强度体力活动(MVPA)推荐量,男生平均每天MVPA时间显著高于女生(P<0.01),周末日体力活动时间显著高于上学日(P<0.01)。总体上轻度智障儿童的低强度体力活动(LPA)、MVPA和总体力活动(TPA)时间与FMS得分均呈正相关(r=0.351~0.547,P<0.05)。FMS得分对轻度智障儿童平均每天MVPA时间、TPA时间具有解释意义(R^2=0.381,P<0.01;R^2=0.409,P<0.01)。位移技能是解释每天MVPA时间的唯一变量(β=0.490,P<0.01)。结论轻度智障儿童的FMS发展与体力活动水平整体呈正相关关系,基于该群体技能发展层面的体力活动促进是该领域相关研究的重要方向。 相似文献
3.
胡孟博 《体育科技文献通报》2023,(8):189-191
目的:探索6-7岁儿童体质健康水平与基本运动技能之间的关系,以期寻找促进儿童体质健康和基本运动技能发展的体育活动,为丰富儿童体育课程内容提供参考。研究方法:以广州市第一小学随机选取的一年级两个班学生(均为6-7岁)为实验对象,实验班按照本实验设计的内容进行训练,对照班依据学校体育课程进行训练。根据《国家学生体质健康标准》和TGMD-2测试量表实验的测试结果,研究体质健康水平与基本运动技能之间的相关性。研究结果:对照组与实验组学生体质健康水平和基本运动技能发展不均衡,二者各个子项目之间存在不同相关性。研究结论:多样且丰富的训练内容更有助于6-7岁儿童体质健康水平的提高和基本运动技能的发展,6-7岁儿童体质健康水平与基本运动技能之间存在中低度相关。建议:探索更多合适的训练内容来促进儿童全面发展。 相似文献
4.
识别基本运动技能(FMS)影响因素,对提高儿童FMS干预效果具有重要意义.本文运用文献资料法与比较分析法,梳理并分析了不同社会性环境因素对儿童FMS发展的影响.结果表明:父母对儿童FMS的重视程度、体育教师教学能力、班额、居住环境等因素与儿童FMS发展密切相关,且不同动作技能影响因素存有差异.建议:我国应加强家庭——学... 相似文献
5.
运用美国的评价儿童基本运动技能测试工具——大肌肉动作发展测试第二版(TGMD-2),对山东省济南市随机抽取的3~10岁的629名儿童(平均6.612.22岁)进行测试,并将结果与美国测试手册进行比较研究,发现济南市儿童操作性运动技能中踢球和地滚球动作的熟练性与美国儿童相差无几,而击固定球、上手投球、双手接球和原地拍球动作的熟练性远低于美国儿童.通过对每个动作具体评价标准的得分情况与美国常模样本进行比较,发现了济南儿童与美国儿童的具体差距,并为体育教学提出一定建议,以弥补济南市体育教学的不足,以期为我国儿童基本运动技能评价体系的建立做出贡献. 相似文献
6.
儿童是形成并发展多种基本动作技能的关键期.运用美国大肌肉动作发展测试第二版(TGMD-2)对我国山东省济南市随机抽取的1 046名3~10岁的儿童(平均6.6±2.07岁)进行测试,将结果与美国常模进行对比,同时结合香港和巴西儿童基本动作技能发展情况进行比较研究.结果显示:济南市3~10岁儿童的移动和控制物体能力随着年龄的增长逐步提高,且移动能力的发展要好于物体控制能力的发展;位移动作中,跑、立定跳远、侧滑步和跨跳的表现较好,而单脚跳表现相对较差;物体控制动作中,踢球动作表现较好,原地拍球和上手投球的表现较差;位移动作技能发展整体上要好于美国儿童,只是达到优秀水平的儿童较少;物体控制动作发展水平达到优秀的极少,大部分处于平均及以下的水平,发展出现迟缓的儿童达到了62.33%;整体上儿童基本动作技能发展优秀的太少(0.9%),处于平均水平的儿童相对较多(58.59%),而发展滞后(处于平均水平之下)的人数也相对较多(38.05%). 相似文献
7.
目的:儿童基本动作技能(fundamental motor skill,FMS)测量是体育素养评价的重要组成部分,是评估、诊断、监控个体动作发展的重要指标。依据经典测量理论和动作发展理论,结合我国的语言和文化背景,研发基于体育素养评价的我国儿童基本动作技能测试体系,该体系具有简洁高效、操作性强等特点,适用于测量我国儿童的群体情况。方法:应用德尔菲法建构3~5岁和6~9岁2套儿童基本动作技能测试体系;应用测试法对651名中国上海儿童进行测量体系的可行性、信度和效度进行验证。结果:3~5岁阶段分测试项包括:10 m往返跑、双脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、单手塞硬币、走平衡木、单脚站立;6~9岁阶段分测试项包括:侧向滑步跑、单脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、原地换手拍球、走平衡木、倒退走直线。可行性验证中各年龄儿童的测试成绩随年龄增加而提升(P<0.05)。重测信度系数分布为0.66~0.94;内部一致性信度系数分别为0.66和0.62。结构效度中验证性因子分析的结果表明2个年龄段的模型均适配良好;同时效度显示不同年龄的分测试项有95.24%的指标与美国粗大动作发展测试(TGMD-3)存在显著相关关... 相似文献
8.
以511名3~10岁儿童为测试对象,探讨了大肌肉动作发展测试(TGMD-2)的信度和效度,结果表明测试者信度系数为0.436~0.876;内部一致性信度系数为0.607~0.925;重测信度系数为0.608~0.876;内容效度、结构效度、效标效度也都令人满意。TGMD-2可作为3~10岁儿童大肌肉动作发展状况的测评工具。 相似文献
9.
焦喜便;姜桂萍;段冬梅;逄超;牛静 《山东体育科技》2024,(4):53-59
为验证KTK3对我国幼儿的适用性、比较KTK3与TGMD-3的测试结果,促进基本运动技能结果性与过程性评价的结合,助推学前教育监测多元化,对592名3~6岁幼儿进行KTK3和TGMD-3测试。结果表明KTK3具有较好的信效度,可用来测量我国3~6岁幼儿的粗大动作协调能力。KTK3和TGMD-3的测试结果存在非常显著的相关关系(效应量较小),并具有一般强度的一致性。但随年龄增长,相关系数和分类一致性水平均在下降,即它们评价儿童基本运动技能的不同方面,综合使用多种评价工具能更全面地了解儿童FMS的发展水平。 相似文献
10.
多维运动完美主义量表在中国运动员中的信效度检验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
祝大鹏 《天津体育学院学报》2010,25(2):150-153
以496名中国不同项目运动员为测试对象,对多维运动完美主义量表进行信效度检验.结果显示,探索性因素分表明,各条目在所属因子的因子负荷为0.561~0.860之间,4个因子可解释总变异的62.86%;验证性因素分析显示,拟合指数为:x2/df=2.693、GFI=0.932、CFI=0.894、RM-SEA=0.043,IFI=0.907、NNFI=0.903.量表的内部一致性信度和重测信度比较理想:4个分量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.738、0.772、0.736和0.762.间隔时间5周的重测信度为0.769.效标关联效度检验表明,多维运动完美主义与自我定向、个体失败焦虑、躯体焦虑以及社会期待焦虑等负性情绪有显著性低正相关,而与任务定向和自信有显著性负相关.量表的信度和效度符合心理测量学要求,可以用于中国运动员的运动完美主义研究. 相似文献
11.
Elizabeth Sarah Bryant Rob S. James Samantha Louise Birch Mike Duncan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):1775-1782
AbstractFundamental movement skills (FMS) have been assessed in children in order to investigate the issues of the low proportion of children who meet physical activity (PA) guidelines and rising levels of obesity. The aim of this research was to identify whether previous or current FMS level is a better predictor of PA levels and weight status in children. In January 2012 (year 1), 281 children were recruited from one primary school in the West Midlands, UK. Children performed eight FMS three times, which were videoed and assessed using a subjective checklist. Sprint speed and jump height were measured objectively. Height and mass were measured to calculate the body mass index to determine the weight status. Skinfold calliper readings were used to calculate body fat percentage. One year later, in January 2013, all these tests were repeated on the same children, with the additional collection of PA data via the use of pedometers. Following multiple linear regression, it was identified that prior mastery in FMS was a better predictor of current PA, whereas current FMS was a better predictor of current weight status. Overall, FMS mastery is needed in childhood to be able to participate in PA and maintain a healthy weight status. 相似文献
12.
Natalie Lander Judith Mergen Philip J. Morgan Jo Salmon Lisa M. Barnett 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(4):357-363
Perceived and actual motor competence (MC) influence physical activity (PA) behaviour. Notably, both are lower in girls than in boys. This study aimed to investigate (i) whether a 12-week, teacher-led intervention that improves actual MC (Lander, N., Morgan, P. J., Salmon, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2017). Improving early-adolescent girls’ motor skill: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(12), 2498–2505) could also improve adolescent girls’ physical self-perception and perceived MC, and (ii) whether change in actual MC is associated with post-intervention perceptions A randomized controlled trial with 171 girls (mean age 12.48 ± 0.34 years), measured perception (i.e., physical self-perception profile (PSPP) and pictorial scale of perceived movement skill competence (PMSC)) and actual MC (i.e., Victorian FMS Teachers’ Assessment Manual). Mixed models with post-intervention perception as the outcome, adjusting for baseline perception, group, and change in actual MC, as well as clustering, were performed. An interaction term between change in MC and intervention status was included to test the secondary aim. There were significant intervention effects on girls’ physical self-perception as well as their perceived MC. However, there was no association between change in actual MC across the intervention and post intervention perception. While the intervention improved both actual MC and perceived MC, they were not associated. 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):730-736
AbstractWeight status has been shown to have a negative impact on children's competence in performing fundamental movement skills (FMSs). Following ethics approval and informed consent, 281 children in years 2–6 from a school in central England volunteered to participate. Each child performed eight FMSs (run, hop, gallop, jump, balance, kick, throw and catch) three times, all attempts were video-recorded. Video analysis was performed (Quintic Biomechanics software) using the Process Orient Checklist (subjective measurement). Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and weight status was determined. Results highlighted that year group (age) had a significant effect on seven out of the eight skills (not kick). Year 4 (aged 8–9 years) significantly scored lower in all three locomotor skills (run, hop and gallop) at this age, whereas Year 5 (aged 9–10 years) all significantly peaked at the object control skills (catch and throw) at this age. Weight status (BMI) significantly affected the run, identifying that a child with a larger BMI will have a lower mastery level of the run. Gender significantly affected the kick, throw and balance, with girls outperforming in the balance and the boys in the kick and throw. By highlighting that children at different ages will have a lower score in different skills, the effect of BMI and gender on certain FMS is important knowledge for the target of intervention in primary school children. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study was to determine if a potential relationship among physical activity (PA), fundamental movement skills and weight status exists amongst early adolescent youth. Participants were a sample of 85 students; 54 boys (mean age = 12.94 ± 0.33 years) and 31 girls (mean age = 12.75 ± 0.43 years). Data gathered during physical education class included PA (accelerometry), fundamental movement skills and anthropometric measurements. Standard multiple regression revealed that PA and total fundamental movement skill proficiency scores explained 16.5% (P < 0.001) of the variance in the prediction of body mass index. Chi-square tests for independence further indicated that compared with overweight or obese adolescents, a significantly higher proportion of adolescents classified as normal weight achieved mastery/near-mastery in fundamental movement skills. Results from the current investigation indicate that weight status is an important correlate of fundamental movement skill proficiency during adolescence. Aligned with most recent research, school- and community-based programmes that include developmentally structured learning experiences delivered by specialists can significantly improve fundamental movement skill proficiency in youth. 相似文献
15.
目的:检验体育活动乐趣量表(PACES)对国内青少年的适用性,为制定适合国内青少年的体育活动乐趣量表提供参考。方法:采用整群随机抽样,抽取吉林省某县实验小学和沈阳市某区铁路第五小学4~6年级838名学生,进行PACES和主观锻炼体验量表(SEES)调查。结果:PACES中文修订版共13个条目,探索性因素分析提取了积极和消极2个因子;验证性因素分析验证了量表二维结构的有效性(χ2=138.1,df=66,χ2/df=2.09,P<0.01;GFI=0.896,CFI=0.957,NFI=0.927,IFI=0.957,RMSE=0.064)。PACES与SEES中的积极幸福感维度呈显著正相关(r=0.580,P<0.01),心理烦恼(r=-0.623,P<0.01)和疲劳维度(r=-0.546,P<0.01)呈显著负相关。总量表及正负2个维度的内部一致性α系数分别为0.858、0.834、0.871;间隔4周后量表重测信度分别为0.887、0897、0.854。结论:PACES中文修订版在国内青少年群体中具有良好的信效度,可以用来测量国内青少年体育活动乐趣水平。 相似文献
16.
Stuart Jarvis Morgan Williams Paul Rainer Eleri Sian Jones John Saunders Richard Mullen 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):88-100
The aims of this study were to determine proficiency levels of fundamental movement skills using cluster analysis in a cohort of U.K. primary school children; and to further examine the relationships between fundamental movement skills proficiency and other key aspects of health-related physical activity behavior. Participants were 553 primary children between 9- and 12-years old, 294 boys and 259 girls, who were assessed across eight different fundamental movement skills. Physical activity behaviors included markers of physical fitness, recall of physical activity behavior, and physical self-concept. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify groups based on fundamental movement skills proficiencies and discriminant analysis to predict fundamental movement skills proficiency based upon the physical activity variables. This interpretation of fundamental movement skills performance revealed distinct groups of fundamental movement skills proficiency in both genders with several gender-specific components of physical activity shown to discriminate children with differing levels of fundamental movement skills proficiency (p < .05, r > .40). 相似文献
17.
目的:初步探索农村地区学前儿童基本动作发展情况,以Newell的约束模型(constraints model)为理论基础,为学前儿童设计发展适宜性的身体活动,并检验为期8周的体育教学活动对幼儿基本动作发展的影响。方法:以山东省潍坊市某农村幼儿园学前儿童(n=109)为研究对象,以班为单位随机分配到实验组(n=54)和对照组(n=55)。实验组儿童参与为期8周的动作技能发展课程,对照组儿童参与幼儿园正常的教学活动。课程开始前和结束后一周内,采用TGMD-2对受试儿童进行测试。结果:1)研究中农村儿童的移动技能和物体控制技能的基线均显著低于TGMD-2的常模。2)经8周基本动作教学,实验组的后测GMQ显著高于对照组(P<0.001),对照组的GMQ在实验前后没有显著差异(P=0.087)。3)性别对教学干预无显著影响(P=0.703);实验组的后测移动技能和物体控制技能得分均显著高于对照组的后测成绩(P<0.001)。结论:研究中农村幼儿的基本动作发展相对滞后,物体控制技能发展水平低下是主要来源;为期8周的基本动作教学活动能够有效地促进农村学前儿童基本动作技能的发展。 相似文献
18.
Wesley O’ Brien Sarahjane Belton Johann Issartel 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2016,21(6):557-571
Background: Literature suggests that physical education programmes ought to provide intense instruction towards basic movement skills needed to enjoy a variety of physical activities. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic observable patterns of behaviour present from childhood to adulthood (e.g. run, skip and kick). Recent evidence indicates that children have the developmental potential to master most FMS by 6 years of age during physical education, physical activity (PA) and sport.Purpose: With a noticeable absence in the literature relating to adolescent movement patterns, the present study assessed the performance of 9 FMS during physical education class amongst 12- to 13-year olds. The study further assessed the range of FMS at the behavioural component level with a view to identifying weaknesses within performance across individual skills.Participants and setting: Baseline data were collected in 2010 as part of a larger longitudinal study evaluating the effectiveness of a prescribed adolescent physical education intervention. Participants included all (N?=?242) first-year post-primary youth in a specific geographical area of Ireland.Data collection: The following 9 FMS were assessed during an 80-minute physical education lesson time period using a reliable instrument protocol; run, skip, horizontal jump, vertical jump, kick, catch, overhand throw, strike and stationary dribble. Each of the nine FMS was assessed in conjunction with the behavioural components from three established instruments, namely the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), TGMD-2 and the Victorian Fundamental Motor Skills manual. To ensure participant consistency, no feedback from any of the trained field staff was given during skill performance.Data analysis: Prior to data analysis, the trained field staff were required to reach a minimum of 95% inter-observer agreement for all nine skills on a pre-coded data set to ensure that all testers were competent. The FMS data set was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows using appropriate statistical analysis.Findings: Overall, 11% was scored as either mastery or near mastery for all nine FMS. There was a significant difference in the overall mean composite FMS score (object control and locomotor) between genders, with adolescent males scoring higher (p?=?.015). There were marked differences in the number of participants who failed to obtain mastery level across the range of the nine FMS (e.g. vertical jump 87% and run 13%) and their associated behavioural components.Conclusions: It is alarming that adolescents aged between 12 and 13 years entering their first year of post-primary physical education do not display proficiency across nine basic movement patterns. This finding indicates that adolescents may have a difficult time in making the successful transition towards more advanced skills within the sport-specific stage. Implications from this study potentially indicate that targeting the weakest skill components during physical education and outside of school hours may prove a valuable strategy in increasing the current FMS levels and the subsequent PA levels amongst adolescent youth. 相似文献
19.
Stephen Behan Sarahjane Belton Cameron Peers Noel E O’Connor Johann Issartel 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(22):2604-2612
ABSTRACTFundamental movement skills (FMS) are the basic building blocks of more advanced, complex movements required to participate in physical activity. This study examined FMS proficiency across the full range of Irish primary school children (n = 2098, 47% girls, age range 5–12 years). Participants were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd edition (TGMD-3), Victorian Fundamental Movement skills manual, and the balance subtest from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 (BOT-2). Independent sample t-tests and a one way between groups ANOVA with planned comparisons were used analyse sex and age differences. Mastery or near mastery of skills ranged from 16% for overhand throw, to 75.3% for run. Girls scored significantly higher than boys in the locomotor and balance subtests with the boys outperforming the girls in object control skills. Improvements in ability can be seen over time (F(8,1968) = 70.18, p < 0.001), with significant increases in FMS proficiency seen up to the age of 10, after which proficiency begins to decline. The findings demonstrate the low levels of FMS proficiency amongst Irish primary school children, the differences between sex that exist, and highlights the need for more programmes that focus on developing these FMS at an early age. 相似文献