试论兴趣与训练效果

我国广大少体校羽毛球教练员以及体育老师,在多年培养少年儿童运动员的实践中,一直在探索着将他们培养成材的路子。要使少年儿童羽毛球运动员训练获得成功,除了科学训练之外,少年儿童的兴趣与成功也有着密切的内在联系。一、“天才就是强烈的兴趣和顽强的入迷”国家体委政策研究室林淑英、朱德录在调查了我国许多著名运动员是怎样获得     

论少年儿童羽毛球运动员训练方法

论少年儿童羽毛球运动员训练方法陈业展（厦门市体校３６１０１２）抓好少年儿童业余运动训练，为国家培养输送优秀运动员好苗子，是每个基层业余体校的首要任务。为切实打好基础，提高成才率，少年儿童业余训练的方法则是每个进行少年儿童训练的教练员必须研究和掌握的课...     

少年运动员竞技心理品质的培养

在基层少年儿童体育学校中，教练员往往只注重运动员在身体素质、技术、技能方面的培养和提高。而忽视一个很重要的问题——竞技心理品质的培养。少年运动员正值青春发育期，由于其独特的生理、心理特征，常表现为注意力分散．情绪易波动、自信心不足。这即是抑     

少年羽毛球运动员步法训练初探

步法是少年羽毛球运动员掌握技术的基础，应重视对步法训练的研究，要根据羽毛球比赛的需要，步法的特点，少年儿童的生理、心理特点及掌握技术的一般规律，有的放矢地进行训练。     

羽毛球

G847.2论少年儿童羽毛球运动员的早期训练[刊,中,I]/涂棚芳(广州市羽毛球队)//内蒙古体育科技.-2003,16(4).-42-44,参5(XH)羽毛球//早期训练//训练法//少年//儿童 目前我国少年儿童羽毛球运动员5-6岁便开始了羽毛球的专门性训练,表现出明显的过早早期专项化训练趋势,与我国羽毛球运动员的高伤病率有着密切的关系。本文通过文献资料法、专家咨询法以及结合业余训练的实践经验,对我国羽毛球运动员早期训练的阶段划     

浅析核心力量训练对羽毛球运动的作用

羽毛球运动是一项对力量和协调性要求极高的运动项目,尤其是对核心区域力量的要求极高,所以核心力量训练这种专项力量训练备受羽毛球教练员和运动员的重视。文章通过文献资料法归纳总结了核心力量的相关概念、对羽毛球训练的作用以及训练原则,旨在为羽毛球运动训练提供理论支持。     

合肥市蜀山区羽毛球俱乐部青少年培训班现状调查与分析

为促进合肥市蜀山区青少年羽毛球运动的发展,本文采用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法、问卷调查法对合肥市蜀山区的青少年羽毛球训练状况进行调查分析。并同时对教练员及家长进行调查分析,对合肥市青少年羽毛球培训现状进行详细的了解。为合肥市蜀山区青少年竞技羽毛球人才的培养提供详细的资料,同时也为合肥市蜀山区对青少年羽毛球的发展决策提供参考。     

提高羽毛球运动员专项速度的体能训练对策

速度是羽毛球运动员需要具备的重要素质。当今羽坛运动员的技巧和战术使用越来越大同小异,速度往往成为了比赛时的致胜关键,也受到越来越多教练员的重视。本文通过分析得到羽毛球运动在速度方面对运动员的要求是反应快,动作快和恢复快。结合羽毛球运动的这些速度要求,本文提出相应地提高羽毛球运动员专项速度的体能训练对策。     

浅析青少年羽毛球运动员的身体素质训练

羽毛球虽然是一项无直接身体接触的项目,但其所展现的竞技性丝毫不弱,对于运动员的身体素质能力要求非常高.身体素质能力的强弱也决定了其现在乃至未来能否成为一名优秀的运动员,因此我们说身体素质训练是整个青少年羽毛球运动员培养体系中重要的组成部分.本文对身体素质训练的概念、青少年羽毛球运动员身体素质训练的内容方法以及青少年羽毛球运动员身体素质训练的意义等做简单综述,旨在为在一线的羽毛球教练员和运动员提供一些有益的参考和意见.     

对业余体校速滑运动员训练工作的几点认识

我国速滑运动项目青少年与成年运动员运动水平倒挂的现象，制约了速滑运动项目在我国的全面提升，解决这个问题的关键在于业余体校教练员应具备基本的训练工作能力，转变其训练理念，同时全面提高业余体校速滑运动员训练工作的质量。为此，提出业余体校教练员应具备掌握和运用理论知识的能力，合理决策的能力，训练的创新能力；应注重少年儿童速滑运动员文化、科学知识和思想品德的教育，以及心理素质与解决问题能力的培养；按照少年儿童的生长发育规律、技术动作的形成规律和心理特点，制定相应的训练方法和手段，促进其技能和训练质量的全面提升。     

Coach Selections and the Relative Age Effect in Male Youth Ice Hockey

Relative age effects (RAEs; when relatively older children possess participation and performance advantages over relatively younger children) are frequent in male team sports. One possible explanation is that coaches select players based on physical attributes, which are more likely witnessed in relatively older athletes. Purpose: To determine if coach selections are responsible for RAEs by comparing RAEs in male players who played competitive versus noncompetitive ice hockey. Method: Using chi-square, we analyzed the birth dates of 147,991 male ice hockey players who were 5 to 17 years old. Players' birth dates were divided into four quartiles, beginning with January to March, which coincides with Hockey Canada's selection year. Results: There were strong RAEs (p < .001) when players were selected to competitive teams by coaches through a tryout system. On noncompetitive teams that did not have coach selections, there were strong RAEs (p < .001) from 5 to 8 years old, but not 9 to 17 years old. Conclusions: Although coaches might perpetuate RAEs, other influential social agents might include parents, which ought to be investigated in future research.     

An examination of the importance of performances in youth and junior competition as an indicator of later success in tennis

Talent identification at a young age is deemed essential for many national sporting organisations to increase the chances of success for their players on the international stage. Talent identification methods can be imprecise and national tennis associations and coaches often identify talent based on performances at youth tournaments and junior rankings. However, not much is known about the relationship between the international competition performances of young tennis players and later success. This relationship is explored in this study using comparisons based on: (a) the results of 3521 players at U14 youth tournaments; (b) the rankings of 377 junior players (U18) by the International Tennis Federation; (c) the rankings of 727 professional male players by the Association of Tennis Professionals; and (d) the rankings of 779 professional players by the Women's Tennis Association. Junior performances (U18) and performances at youth tournaments (U14) appear to have a low success rate in predicting later success. No distinct age was found at which players should start to perform in order to be successful at the professional level. It is concluded that even though good performances at young ages increase athletes’ chances to become elite players, they are not a precondition for achieving later success. Therefore, this study informs talent scouts, sport development officers, coaches and high performance managers of the role that performances at international youth competitions may play in talent identification in tennis.     

对我国少年男子(16～17岁)篮球运动员身体素质、基本技术评价模型的研究

本文研究了我国少年男子 ( 16～ 17岁 )篮球运动员身体素质、基本技术运动训练水平综合评价方法 ,建立了综合评价模型 ,以期为教练员更好地控制运动训练过程提供更全面、更有效的依据 ,有助于教练员建立运动员训练档案 ,为运动员的选拔提供参考。研究结果显示 ,本文所选用的身体素质与基本技术测验指标能全面反映少年篮球运动员身体素质与基本技术的训练水平 ,所制订的测试成绩评分标准和综合评价模型经初步应用和验证 ,取得较好的使用效果 ,可用于评价少年篮球运动员身体素质与基本技术的训练水平     

Talent development: linking the stakeholders to the process

Abstract

The three stakeholders (coaches, parents and the National Governing Body) in Talent Identification and Development (TID) are important factors in athlete development. How each of them perceive the key constructs of Talent Identification and Development (i.e. sport specialisation and selection, practice, athlete development, junior and adult success, and the role of the stakeholders), and the coherence of that understanding is not well understood. This study focuses on junior performance tennis and investigates the perceptions of coaches, parents and sports organisations (a National Governing Body) of the five key constructs of Talent Identification and Development. We were interested in examining (a) the extent to which stakeholder perceptions relate to research, (b) the coherence of each stakeholder's perceptions and (c) the extent to which there is coherence between what stakeholders understand each other thinks. Seventy-five coaches, parents, and National Governing Body staff completed a questionnaire that asked participants to rate their degree of agreement/disagreement with researched ‘principles' of Talent Identification and Development. The results suggest that stakeholders do not strongly agree with the research supporting principles of Talent Identification and Development. Furthermore, a significant lack of coherence of stakeholder perceptions was evident. This lack of coherence was also evident in each group's understanding of what the other stakeholders believed. The impact of these results on the Talent Identification and Development process is discussed.     

‘It just makes you feel invincible’: a Foucauldian analysis of children's experiences of organised team sports

The childhood years are highlighted as a crucial time when ongoing participation in physical activity can be nurtured and maintained. The nurturing of a child's proclivity to participate in organised sport normally falls into the domain of adults. While both parents and coaches have been identified as key influences on children's enjoyment of sport, some negative perceptions exist about their roles. Although children's perspectives are increasingly being acknowledged as valuable, it would appear that young children are still marginalised as active participants in areas of health-related research. The primary objective of this study was to give space to children's views of organised sport and to examine how adult behaviours affected these children's enjoyment of sport. This qualitative study utilised eight focus group interviews with a total of 30 children (aged 6–11 years) in the Greater Auckland area of New Zealand. This paper presents a Foucauldian discourse analysis of children's views relating to their sporting experiences. Children articulated three discursive constructions of sport: sport as competition, sport as fun and sport as fair play. The dominance of sport as competition would appear to serve the needs of coaches and parents more than those of children. Coaches who appear to be firmly positioned within a competitive discourse of sport use their power to support coaching practices that clash with the guidelines provided for them by their sporting bodies. Our analysis shows that many children may be exposed to discursive practices that are not conducive to a child-centred sporting environment. Through the exercise of disciplinary measures, there is pressure on children to conform to the normative behaviours associated with a dominant competitive sport discourse.     

少儿速度滑冰运动员训练兴趣的培养

在少儿速度滑冰运动员的训练中,练习的兴趣是其主要动力,为了提高少儿速滑运动员训练的兴趣,作为业余体校的基层教练员要千方百计地探索激发学生练习兴趣的途径。速滑训练无论从调动少儿运动员的积极性,还是激发其练习兴趣,难度比球类和其他训练项目要大得多,教练员的训练水平将直接影响少儿速滑运动员的练习兴趣。教练员要加强自身的修养,提高业务水平,在训练方法上狠下功夫,使少儿速滑运动员在训练中始终保持浓厚的兴趣,才能收到最佳的训练效果。     

少年男子排球运动员专项脚步移动能力训练模式的研究

依据体育测量与评价的有关理论和排球运动员比赛中技术运用情况,设计出较为科学合理、简便易行和操控性强的少年男子排球运动员脚步移动综合测试方法。以现代运动训练控制理论为指导,依据少年的生理解剖特点,从影响脚步移动的有关身体素质入手进行定量分析,探讨其影响效应强度序列,遴选与确定检查性测验项目体系,构建动态数字模拟模型,以及训练水平的评定标准体系,为教练员进行前瞻性训练目标分析与决策,实施专项脚步移动能力的模式训练,科学调控快速脚步移动训练过程与纠偏,提供了数字化的模式参考依据。     

影响湖北省青少年竞技网球运动发展的因素分析

随着中国体育事业的蓬勃发展,竞技网球运动在世界比赛中崭露头角。湖北省为国家输送了多名顶尖的网球运动员并且获得了优异的成绩,然而近年来湖北省青少年网球后备人才发展却不尽人意,在国内外的比赛中表现平平,无法达到令人满意的成绩。影响青少年运动员发展的因素有很多,例如教练的教学水平、训练场地的配套设施、运动员自身的训练年限、生理特点、心理特点、专业网球理论知识较匮乏等等。本文对湖北省青少年网球运动的发展的影响因素进行深入调查研究,分析问题,提出改善建议,希望能对湖北省青少年网球后备人才的培养和湖北省网球运动的发展提供一个方案。     

我国甲级男排运动员期望领导行为模式上的认知差异性研究

教练员的领导能力和水平直接影响着运动队的比赛成绩和健康发展，了解不同特征运动员期望教练员领导行为的情况，对教练员实施针对性训练和提高比赛成绩有较大帮助。采用LSS量表对我国甲级男子排球队运动员进行问卷测试，结果表明：年龄大、训练时间长的运动员希望教练员给予更多的民主；训练时间长的运动员希望教练员给予更多的社会支持；不同场上位置的运动员所喜爱的教练员领导行为没有差别；主力队员希望教练员给予更多的社会支持；比赛名次好的运动队更喜爱社会支持和积极性反馈行为。