FDI对我国体育用品制造业技术溢出效应分析

运用非参数Malmquist指数估算2001-2006年体育用品制造业全要素生产率,并通过Granger因果分析法来检验内外资企业全要素生产变动指数两者之间的因果关系.数据结果显示,FDI(外商直接投资)对我国体育用品制造业的技术溢出效应明显,其影响因素在于体育用品制造业利用外资密度较大、地域集聚效应显著以及外资引发的高度市场竞争.这些促使其进行科技创新.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的我国体育用品上市公司经营效率研究

通过我国9家体育用品上市公司对外公布年报的财务指标数据,基于DEA-Malmquist指数法对其经营效率进行了动态评价。研究结果表明:2011年我国体育用品上市公司在纯技术效率和规模效率方面均未达到最优状态,从而导致66.7%的企业综合效率不佳;2007—2011年体育用品上市公司全要素生产率呈下降趋势,降幅为15.5%,由于没有协调好纯技术效率和规模效率间的关系,导致它们对技术效率的作用没有很好发挥;2007—2011年期间仅有1家企业全要素生产率大于1,4家企业技术进步率大于等于1,大部分企业出现了技术退步现象。     

数字化发展如何驱动体育用品制造业服务化转型——来自上市公司的经验证据

服务化转型是体育用品制造业结构升级的主要方向,数字化发展是驱动体育用品制造业服务化转型的重要力量。基于2014-2020年中国A股体育用品制造业上市公司数据,实证探究了数字化发展对体育用品制造企业服务化转型的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明：(1)数字化发展显著推动了体育用品制造企业服务化转型;(2)创新能力提升和人力资本结构优化是数字化发展促进体育用品制造企业服务化转型的两条重要作用路径;(3)异质性分析发现,数字化发展对规模较小的、发展水平较低的体育制造企业以及体育服装制造类企业服务化转型推动作用更为明显。据此,从数字技术研发、数字人才培养、数字化服务战略选择等方面提出了建议。     

中外体育用品上市公司经营效率的动态评价——基于DEA-Malmquist全要素生产率指数

企业的经营效率是其核心竞争力的重要组成部分,通过搜集和整理9家中外体育用品上市公司(6家中国公司,3家国外公司)2008～2010年年报中公布的财务数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)和Malmquist全要素生产率(TFP)指数方法,从财务管理的角度对它们的经营效率进行动态评价。结果表明,中外体育用品上市公司整体绩效不佳,2007～2010年间只有5家公司4年都处于DEA有效,但整体的综合效率均值有逐年提高趋势;从Malmquist全要素生产率指数看,中外体育用品上市公司的TFP年均增长率为-8.5%,技术退步和规模无效是造成TFP负增长的两大原因,其中技术退步起到了主要作用,中国企业尤其明显。     

数字经济驱动中国体育用品制造业绿色发展的内在机理与影响效应

党的二十大报告指出,加快体育强国建设,促进数字经济与实体产业绿色发展深度融合,积极稳妥推进“碳达峰碳中和”。从体育用品制造业绿色发展视域出发,就数字经济驱动我国体育用品制造业绿色发展的内在机理和影响效应进行深度剖析,并基于绿色技术创新能力及能源消费结构为中介视角,采用2013-2021年中国大陆30个省市(自治区)面板数据进行实证检验。结果显示：数字经济驱动我国体育用品制造业绿色发展内在机理主要包括生产要素配置变革、产业结构革新优化及数字治理开拓引领三个维度;数字经济驱动我国体育用品制造业绿色发展具有积极正向作用;数字经济驱动我国体育用品制造业具有显著的空间溢出效应;数字经济间接提升绿色技术创新能力和优化能源消费结构,以促进体育用品制造业绿色发展。因此,提出以下建议：(1)以国家发展的战略顶层设计为引领,推进体育用品全生命周期绿色发展;(2)以绿色技术创新能力为核心动力,建构体育用品制造业“绿色技术创新生态圈”;(3)以能源消费结构为基础框架,因地制宜制定我国体育用品制造业绿色发展实施策略。     

我国体育用品制造企业竞争力的结构方程模型

以全国491家体育用品制造企业为研究样本,采用结构方程模型分析方法,对我国体育用品制造业企业竞争力进行了理论与实证研究.验证了企业发展规模、资本实力、劳动效率对体育用品制造业企业竞争力具有显著的、直接的正向影响,而债务状况则对体育用品制造业企业竞争力具有显著的、直接的负向影响,构建了中国体育用品制造业企业竞争力结构方程模型.     

“中国制造2025”背景下体育用品制造业供给侧结构性改革思考

供给侧结构性改革为实现"中国制造2025"提供了具体思路和策略支撑。本文对"中国制造2025"背景下体育用品制造业供给侧结构性改革进行研究,认为:我国体育用品制造业是伴随着体育全球化以及中国制造业的背景衍生出来的,存在着价格低、数量大、处于产业链低端、品牌创新与特色不足、消费者忠诚度低等弊端。破局之策在于从劳动力、资本、技术和制度等供给要素入手,从生产领域加强优质供给、减少无效供给、扩大有效供给推进我国体育用品制造业去产能、降成本;解决好"僵尸企业"带来的产能过剩问题。最大的阻碍就是解决由此而过剩的人力资源的出路,要以科技创新和人力资本投入为先导,推进体育用品制造业补短板;通过转变增长方式多管齐下去产能,推动体育用品制造业去杠杆。     

中国对RCEP成员国体育用品出口贸易效率与潜力——基于随机前沿引力模型的实证研究

基于2010—2020年中国对RCEP成员国体育用品出口贸易面板数据，构建随机前沿引力模型实证研究中国对RCEP成员国体育用品出口贸易效率、潜力及影响因素。研究结果表明：中国对RCEP整体体育用品出口贸易效率、潜力较高，但国别差异明显。就体育用品出口而言，RCEP整体属于扩张型市场，具有较大的发展空间。中国与RCEP进口国的经济发展程度、人口规模、拥有共同边界和语言与中国体育用品出口显著正相关，双方的地理距离不会对贸易产生显著影响；RCEP进口国较高的海运能力、较高的港口基础设施质量、较高的贸易自由度和金融自由度在提升贸易效率方面作用明显，而RCEP进口国较高的关税水平、与中国签订自由贸易协定却在一定程度上阻碍了贸易效率的提高。最后，为了把握RCEP大市场机遇、进一步促进我国对RCEP成员国的体育用品出口贸易，从政府部门、行业协会和体育企业3个维度入手，提出了相应的对策建议。     

中国体育用品出口贸易效率与潜力研究——基于随机前沿引力模型的实证分析

基于随机前沿引力模型,结合2010—2020年30个具有代表性的国家(地区)面板数据,运用Frontier4.1软件研究我国体育用品出口贸易效率、潜力及其具体影响因素。研究表明:整体上中国体育用品出口贸易效率和潜力较高,但主要出口市场趋于饱和,增长空间较为有限。中国与伙伴国的经济发展水平、伙伴国的人口规模与中国体育用品出口显著正相关,而中国的人口规模和贸易双方的地理距离与中国体育用品出口显著负相关;中国与伙伴国签署自贸协定、伙伴国较高的海运能力、伙伴国政府较高的廉洁度和支出水平在提升贸易效率方面作用明显,而伙伴国较高的关税水平和金融自由度则限制了贸易效率的提高。建议合理配置贸易资源,优化国际市场布局;商签高标准贸易协定,开拓新兴国际市场;坚持创新驱动战略,培植国际竞争新优势。     

要素视角下区域体育产业效率及其影响因素——基于上海市各辖区2014—2018年数据的实证分析

要素投入和效率提升是产业增长的动力源泉,吸聚优质要素、提升产业效率是实现体育产业高质量发展的必然要求。基于2014—2018年上海市16个辖区体育产业相关统计数据,使用索洛增长函数、超效率SBM模型等工具,分别测算区域体育产业增长的要素贡献率和产业效率,并通过回归分析探究相关因素的影响。研究认为:资本是驱动上海市体育产业持续增长的最重要的要素,扩大要素投入对产业增长的效果已较为有限;上海市体育产业技术效率较高,规模效率中等,各辖区产业效率具有异质性;产业结构、经济发展对技术效率具有显著正向影响,产业集聚、消费需求对规模效率具有显著正向影响。据此提出提升体育产业效率的建议。     

从生产力角度试析武术发展变化规律

人类的发展进步取决于生产力的发展状况,生产力的发展带动着文化、文明的进步。武术的产生、发展变化是在生产力发展的某一阶段的不同表现形态,并体现着这一生产力条件下的需求,自觉地服从于、服务于生产力。文章依据武术的发展历程,阐释生产力对武术发展的重要作用,为今后武术发展趋势的研究提供参考。     

Guideposts and Roadblocks to the Career-Long Scholarly Engagement of Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty

Purpose: Scholarship is essential for the growth and development of the physical education field. Over time, scholarship expectations have changed, forcing faculty members to alter time spent for research, teaching, and service. Social-cognitive career theory (SCCT) presents a model for understanding performance and persistence in an occupational environment. The interconnected aspects of SCCT have different emphasis related to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, or personal goals pursuit. This study explored physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty members’ continuing engagement in scholarly activity through SCCT. Method: Data collection included interviews with 9 senior PETE faculty members who met the criteria for “productive scholars over time.” Curriculum vitae were collected to verify productivity. Results: Data analysis revealed guidepost themes that included collaborating, finding balance, defining a research process, and maintaining a strong work ethic. Roadblocks encountered included other obligations and lack of support for research. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated strong self-efficacy; held high, positive expectations for success; and set very specific, clear, and deliberate goals. Participant behavior was moderated by their personal attributes (capacity to build relationships, set goals, and maintain interest and passion) and was tempered by the environments in which they worked. Fostering similar behaviors has the potential to guide future and current PETE faculty members in creating supportive and encouraging atmospheres for sustained productivity. The lack of literature relating to this topic warrants the need for more research exploring the influential factors and benefits gained from sustained scholarly productivity over time for PETE faculty members.     

中国体育文化产业探微

什么是体育文化产业中的"核心内容"?如何看待体育文化产业?怎样构建体育文化产业?这些是体育文化产业今后在又好又快地发展过程中必然会遇到的理论症结。围绕这三大思考主线,着力从问题分解、含义揭示、解决途径等方面对体育文化产业进行体系解读。     

基于CiteSpaceIII的国外体育教育研究计量学分析

以来自Web of Science数据库有关体育教育主题的4178篇文献记录为研究对象,通过CiteSpaceIII软件对相关数据进行分析和处理。以知识图谱的方式,梳理了体育教育研究的发文量、国家分布和主要研究期刊,以关键路径算法（Pathfinder ）呈现高产机构、高产作者与合作情况及研究焦点。本研究得出以下结论,体育教育研究的年发文数量呈波浪式增长趋势;国家分布与主要载文期刊主要集中在美国、巴西、英国等国;高产机构主要由美、英两国构成;高产作者有相当一部分领军人物为华人,且与高产机构对比发现,高产作者大部分都就职于顶尖的高产机构;符合 Power Law 的分布规律,这些作者与机构都有一定的倾向性研究领域。     

Productivity and Collaborative Patterns of Physical Educators

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which gender ratio and patterns of collegiality intersect among physical educators in higher education. An indirect measure of patterns of collegiality was obtained from an examination of the gender of authors and of author teams. Specifically, the investigator focused on publication rates, gender of primary authors of mixed teams and dyads, and size and gender composition of author teams. The data base consisted of articles published by physical educators in 14 research-based physical education journals 1980–1984. In addition, a measure of change was obtained through a comparison of selected data of 1980 and 1984. The results showed that although on the average, women and men had published the same number of articles, type and degree of collaboration differed significantly. Women tended to publish alone while men tended to publish in groups. The data also indicated that men were accorded senior authorship of mixed sex teams significantly more often than were women. In addition, the longitudinal data indicated a decrease in the number of women who were senior authors. The results were explained in terms of the numerical and institutional domination of men physical educators in higher education.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.