“说”和“是”与关联词语组合浅谈

"说"和"是"分别是言说动词和判断动词,二者添加在关联词语之后的用例不断增加,有时可以任意替换而不影响语义表达,甚至还出现了同时附缀在关联词语之后的用法,这使得二者原有的对立在一定程度上得以中和。学界一直将"说"和"是"与连词等的组合作为独立现象进行考察。然而,"说"和"是"与关联成分的组合在很多情况下既是对立又是中和的,孤立的考察显然难以揭示这种附缀现象的本质特点。本文考察"说"和"是"与关联词语组合的参差局面,探讨二者对所附缀关联词语功能的影响,分析二者对立与中和的机制和动因。     

“立即”、“马上”的语义功能比较

"立即"和"马上"都是短时义时间副词,意义和用法存在诸多相似之处,但联系前后语境进行比较,则二者的差别较为明显。"立即"只可表示两事件的紧接关系,不能表示某事"眼前即将发生"。"马上"可以陈述某件事情"眼前就要发生",有"即将"义,并由此引发了一些句法、语用上的差别。另外,在句子的施动者方面、所表述的事件关系方面以及二者在句中的位置方面都有差别。     

“好像……”与“好像……似的”句型用法比较

在教学过程中常常发现有些学生(甚至老师)对比喻句“好像……”与“好像……似的”含糊不清。在该用“好像……”句型时用上“好像……似的’,认为二者只是形式上的不同,在意义上是相同的,将二者等同起来,这是错误的。其实这两个句型虽然都是比喻句,但在用法上却有不同。 如:昆明湖静得像一面镜子。     

“二”与“两”的用法及其教学

汉语中"二"和"两"都能表示数量"2"的含义,但是在用法上存在差异,有的情况下二者能互相替换,有的情况下则不能。本文从数词"二"和"两"在用法上的差异入手,针对前人在对外汉语教学中提出的教学方法进行改进,指出应对"二"与"两"在用法上的差异点进行有针对性的教学,但并不是所有用法上的不同都需要教给学生,对外汉语教学要根据学生的情况有选择性地进行,并据此设计了"二"与"两"的教学。     

格助词“に”和“で”的偏误分析——以表示原因的用法为中心

数据表明,在为数不多的日语格助词中,"に"和"で"的使用对中国日语学习者而言,是经常出现错误的。而历年关于二者的先行研究,多注重二者表示场所时的用法,而忽略了其他方面的用法。本文主要围绕格助词"に"和"で"表示原因时发生的偏误现象,进一步对二者的区别进行对比分析及研究,并总结发生偏误的主要原因,以期对中国日语学习者起到一定的帮助。     

浅析“身价”与“身家”

"身价"和"身家"在古代文献中分工明确,没有出现"误用"现象,但随着社会经济的发展,二者在某些义项上的分界越来越模糊,甚至出现"身价"代替"身家"的现象。基于此,本文根据"身价"与"身家"在词典中的释义推测出二者开始被"误用"的时间大概是在改革开放之后,并对二者"误用"的原因做出了解释。最后,本文指出,有时候看似误用,实则不然,用"身价"代替"身家"是有一定理据可言的,是语言在交际中规范的结果。     

再辩“老师”与“教师”——从“他是王刚的老师”和“*他是王刚的教师”之别说起

从结构、语义、语用三个层面入手,全面分析"老师"和"教师"的用法区别,揭示了其句法表现差异的深层原因是语义上的有指和无指、单指和通指的不同,以及语用上的色彩差异、面称和背称及语体的不同。     

中学文言文中的“对动用法”与“为动用法”例析

在中学的文言文教学中,我们经常会遇到词类活用现象,即有些词可以按照一定的语言习惯灵活运用。文言文中比较常见的词类活用有名词、形容词活用作动词;名词、动词用作状语;名词、动词、形容词的使动用法;名词、形容词的意动用法这几种情况。以上这些文言文现象大家已经比较熟悉,但对"对动用法"和"为动用法"却相对陌生,因为中学语文课本从未对这两种用法加以正规的确认,语文老师遇到时往往采取回避的态度,这就使得很多学生在这个问题上总是一知半解,无法找到一个真实可行令他们认可信服的答案,长此以往,同"其为惑也,终不解矣"。我在二十多年的一线教学实践中,深深感触到现行的中学语文教材未对这两种常见的用法作定性的诠释,是一个缺憾。因为在实际的教学中如果绕开这两种用法,势必造成语句不畅,有时甚至违背原意。下面我将分别举例解析中学语文课本中出现的这两种典型用法。     

“作”与“做”的区别

在阅读报刊书籍时,经常发现“做”与“作”互用现象,这是因为二者的读音相同,意义上也有许多相似之处。为了搞清楚“做”与“作”的正确用法,笔者查阅了多种字典、词典,发现两者的起源、读音、意义还是有区别的。     

当代汉语的日源新词“～系”试解

在新时期产生的汉语新词当中,有一些是来自其他语言的借词,其中也包括借自日语的词。近几年在传媒尤其是互联网上开始出现的"～系"就是其例,如"少女系男孩"、"视觉系摇滚乐队"、"治愈系歌手"等等。此用法不同于汉语中早就存在的"汉藏语系"、"中文系"、"桂系军阀"等用法,也难以在各类辞典上找到相吻合的解释。目的在于,通过用例分析和与日语用法的比较,厘清"～系"的新意义,并从"类词缀"的角度对这一新的语言现象作出解释。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…