超级电容器综述

超级电容器是一种介于常规电容器与化学电池之间的一种新型储能元件,它具有很高的放电功率、法拉级别的超大电容量、较高的能量、较宽的工作温度范围、极长的使用寿命、免维护、经济环保等优点.介绍了超级电容器的发展状况、原理、应用及特点,归纳了超级电容器电极材料的研究进展.     

Applications of Transition Metal (Fe,Co, Ni)-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Derivatives in Batteries and Supercapacitors

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are generally considered to be crystalline materials comprising metal centers and organic ligands, have attracted growing attention because of their controllable structures and high porosity. MOFs based on transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni) are highly efficient electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. In this review, the characteristics of Fe-MOFs, Co-MOFs, Ni-MOFs, and their derivatives are summarized, and the relationships between the structures and performance are unveiled in depth. Additionally, their applications in lithium–ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors are discussed. This review sheds light on the development of MOFs and their derivatives to realize excellent electrochemical performance.

     

Evaluation and Analysis of Battery Technologies Applied to Grid-Level Energy Storage Systems Based on Rough Set Theory

Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportunities due to their rapid responses,flexible installation,and excellent performances.However,because of the complexity,multifunctionality,and wide deployment of power grids,trade-offs in battery performance exist,especially when considering economics,environmental effects,and safety.Therefore,establishing a comprehensive assessment of battery technologies is an urgent undertaking.In this work,we present an analysis of rough sets to evaluate the integration of battery systems(e.g.,lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries,nickel/metal-hydrogen batteries,zinc-air batteries,and Na-S batteries) into a power grid.Specifically,technological properties,economic significance,environmental effects,and safety of these battery systems are evaluated on the basis of rough set theory.In addition,some perspectives are provided to promote the development of battery technologies for grid-level energy storage.     

Development of Metal and Metal-Based Composites Anode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered the next powerful potential generation energy storage system because of substantial potassium resource availability and similar characteristics with lithium. Unfortunately, the actual application of KIBs is inferior to that of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), in which the finite energy density, ordinary circular life, and underdeveloped fabrication technique dominate the key constraints. Various works have recently been directed to growing novel anode electrodes with superior electrochemical capability. Noticeably, metals/metal oxides materials (e.g., Sb, Sn, Zn, SnO₂, and MoO₂) have been widely investigated as KIBs anodes because of high theoretical capacity, suggesting outstanding promise for high-energy KIBs. In this review, the latest research of metals/metal oxides electrodes for potassium storage is summarized. The major strategies to control the electrochemical property of metals/metal oxides electrodes are discussed. Finally, the future investigation foreground for these anode electrodes has been proposed.

     

Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage

Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.     

磷化铜/石墨烯锂离子负极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

磷化铜由于其高理论容量和资源丰富等优点,逐渐成为一种拥有发展前景的新型锂离子电池负极材料.但其在充放电过程中存在着严重的体积膨胀和团聚问题,导致其循环性能差、倍率性能低.为此,我们利用水热法和低温磷化法合成了磷化铜/还原氧化石墨烯(Cu3P/rGO)复合材料,并对其物化特性和储锂性能进行了表征与测试.结果表明,rGO的修饰复合能够有效提高Cu3P的电化学性能,为发展新型锂离子电池负极材料提供实验与理论指导.     

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Evaluation of FePS_3 as a Promising Anode for Mg Ion Batteries

FePS_3, a classical 2D layered material with transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides, was investigated as an anode material for Mg ion batteries. We used density functional theory to calculate the Mg storage properties of FePS_3, such as Mg adsorption energy, theoretical specifi c capacity, average voltage, diff usion energy barriers, volume change, and electronic conductivity. The theoretical specifi c capacity of the FePS_3 monolayer is 585.6 mA h/g with a relatively low average voltage of 0.483 V(vs. Mg/Mg~(2+)), which is favorable to a high energy density. The slight change in volume and good electronic conductivity of bulk FePS 3 are benefi cial to electrode stability during cycling.     

Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems

In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1) frequency regulation;(2) peak shifting;(3) integration with renewable energy sources;and(4) power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.     

甲烷存储材料的研究进展

天然气(主要成分甲烷)以其丰富的储量、低廉的价格以及良好的环保效应成为未来最具发展潜力的清洁能源。甲烷的存储是天然气作为车载能源应用的关键技术之一。本文分别介绍了几类存储甲烷材料,包括分子筛、多孔碳材料、金属-有机骨架化合物的功能特点以及近年来储甲烷材料的研究进展,并指出了储甲烷材料的发展方向。     

Space Charge Layer Effect in Sulfide Solid Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Batteries: In-situ Characterization and Resolution

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have advantages of safety and high energy density, and they are expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices. Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity and low grain boundary resistance exhibit remarkable practical application. However, the space charge layer (SCL) effect and high interfacial resistance caused by a mismatch with the current commercial oxide cathodes restrict the development of sulfide SSEs and ASSLBs. This review summarizes the research progress on the SCL effect of sulfide SSEs and oxide cathodes, including the mechanism and direct evidence from high performance in-situ characterizations, as well as recent progress on the interfacial modification strategies to alleviate the SCL effect. This study provides future direction to stabilize the high performance sulfide-based solid electrolyte/oxide cathode interface for state-of-the-art ASSLBs and future all-SSE storage devices.

     

锂离子二次电池负极材料及电解质研究

综述了锂离子二次电池负极材料和电介质的研究现状 ,对现行研究和应用的二次锂电池负极材料、电解质中存在的问题进行了深入分析并对材料的分类、特点和发展方向进行了研究     

中加能源安全与环保政策比较研究

通过对中加两国能源基本指标的考察和环保政策的比较发现,中国的能源安全状况远比加拿大要低得多。表现为石油消费强度较大、石油消费增长速度过快、主要能源储存比较低、能源进口集中度过高、战略石油储备天数较低、石化能源在一次能源中比重较高等。对中国而言,减少油气的对外依存度和降低碳排放量的最有效途径是：推动可再生能源、清洁能源的利用,提高其在能源结构中的比重;研发＂煤转油＂技术,降低化石能源在开采、提炼与消费中的污染程度;促进企业技术革新,降低产品生产中的能耗率;加大新能源技术引进、人才培训和交流、设备服务供应、联合研究。在这些方面,中加两国有着无比广阔的合作空间和合作潜力。     

基于ADVISOR电动汽车的开发和仿真

基于电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR,开发了双电机分散驱动轮式电动汽车ELVEC.ELVEC由车身、电动机、能量管理和能量存储(电池组)等模块组成.进行了ELVEC电动汽车的加速性能、爬坡能力、行驶车速和燃料经济性的分析.结果表明,该车具有良好的动力学性能和燃料经济性,适合在低速、频繁启动的市区内行驶.同时,对电动机特性和能量存储(电池组)及能量管理特性进行了仿真分析,得出ELVEC电动汽车的电动机、电池和驱动系统等均具有较高的效率,能源管理系统和模糊逻辑控制在能量的分配、管理上十分有效.     

考虑能量限制的全钒液流电池储能系统建模

本研究以全钒液流电池储能系统为研究对象,通过电力系统分析综合程序建立了包含能量限制模块的全钒液流电池储能系统模型。综合考虑了储能系统换流器的容量大小、荷电状态等因数,通过仿真分析对比两种控制策略以及模型在不同大小的储能电池中的适用性,验证了理论分析的准确性及模型的工程实用性。仿真结果表明,该模型既能通过限制无功功率传输保证传输的能量不超出换流器容量,又能根据实际有功功率大小调整无功功率上限,充分发挥储能系统的调节作用。     

黑硅材料在光电探测研究领域的前景及挑战

在详细介绍黑硅材料的形成机理,包括超过固溶度的S原子引起的高红外吸收基础上,介绍了黑硅材料在光电探测研究领域的应用,并指出黑硅光电探测器目前面临如何平衡退火消除缺陷及由此带来的红外吸收下降的问题,但黑硅探测器件的增益机制问题仍然不清楚,有待解决．     

独立光储直流微网母线电压分层协调控制策略

提出一种基于双蓄电池储能系统的电压分层协调控制策略,以储能系统为主体协调控制母线电压稳定。根据母线电压的变化范围将系统的动态调节过程划分为稳态阶段与暂态阶段。稳态阶段下,采用双蓄电池组共同协调工作方式,解决了负载突变导致单组蓄电池充放电电流过大,易引起过流故障的问题;暂态阶段下,采用基于改进下垂控制的双蓄电池组轮换协调工作方式,解决了单组蓄电池荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)达到上、下限后,出现过充或过放情况引起的蓄电池损坏问题。利用Matlab/Simulink平台分别对系统的两种动态调节过程进行仿真,验证各阶段下所提出的工作方式的有效性,并通过单、双蓄电池组的对比,验证所提出控制策略的合理性与优越性。     

锂离子二次电池用锡基负极材料

锂离子二次电池用锡基负极材料具有高容量、低成本等优势,是目前高容量负极材料的研究热点之一。本文介绍了锂离子二次电池用锡基负极材料的特点及其储锂机理,综述了几种锡基材料的制备方法及性能,并讨论了它们的优缺点。     

Ti掺杂碳纳米结构储氢性能的研究进展

碳纳米结构储氢是近几年研究的热门话题.通过对过渡金属Ti掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管和富勒烯储氢性能分析研究.发现在Ti掺杂碳纳米结构储氢中,它们的储氢能力都达到了大约8wt%左右,满足美国能源部的标准.     

Energy storage and retrieval

Harnessing sunlight for the production of electrical energy is an engrossing prospect. The crucial concept underlying the success of solar power stations is energy storage and its retrieval on demand which can be most effectively achieved with storage batteries. This article highlights the chemistry of existing and emerging battery technologies.     

一种太阳能光伏发电系统的研制

文章介绍了作者研制的太阳能发电系统,该系统由光伏电池、蓄电池、逆变器、数据采集板、上位机等几部分组成．对该系统各部分的功能和相互联系进行了分析,其中逆变器的电路结构与目前常用的结构不同,所以文中重点叙述逆变器的设计,包括电路结构、DSP软件的流程图、PWM波形的产生原理．该系统在实验室运行稳定可靠,逆变器输出的交流电压正弦度好,谐波小,通过数据采集板和上位机可实时监测系统的运行状况．可为住宅光伏发电提供技术上的参考．