四川裂腹鱼鱼苗耗氧率与窒息点的初步测定

在封闭式流动水体中,对四川裂腹鱼鱼苗的耗氧率和窒息点进行初步测定.试验结果表明:在20℃条件下,窒息点为0.395 mg/L(L:11.992±1.343cm,W:11.458±2.405g)昼夜平均耗氧率为0.22 mg/g·h(L:11.395+1.377cm,W:11.941+4.036g),白天的平均耗氧率为0.23mg/g·h(8:00～19:00),夜间的平均耗氧率为0.21 mg/g·h(20:00～7:00),白天的平均耗氧率略高于夜间.     

氨态氮对昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究

采用常规生物急性毒性实验法,研究水温19～20℃,pH 7.60～8.17,平均溶氧量(DO)9.08mg/L条件下,氨态氮对昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼的急性毒性作用。结果表明,氨态氮对昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼在24、48、72、96 h的半数致死浓度分别为41.05、40.49、39.98、38.96mg/L,安全浓度为3.8960mg/L;非离子氨对昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼在24、48、72、96 h的半数致死浓度分别为1.1686、1.1527、1.1383、1.1091mg/L,安全浓度为0.1109mg/L。     

昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼对二氧化碳耐受性初步研究

在20℃封闭的水流环境中,观察记录昆明裂腹鱼在不同二氧化碳含量下的生活状态,测定其对二氧化碳的耐受性。实验结果表明:二氧化碳浓度在16.079±1.952mg/L时即出现游动缓慢,代谢活动降低等症状,小于此浓度即为昆明裂腹鱼的正常生活浓度;浓度为127.148mg/L±2.516～175.143±33.114mg/L时出现横卧喘息的症状,此浓度即为运输昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼活鱼的最佳麻醉浓度;半数致死浓度为185.816±13.758mg/L。     

盐度对三倍体和二倍体太平洋牡蛎代谢影响的比较

通过盐度(32‰、28‰、24‰、20‰、16‰)对三倍体和二倍体太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas呼吸和排泄影响比较的研究表明:在盐度32‰²0‰,牡蛎的耗氧率随着盐度降低而降低,在盐度20‰时耗氧率最低,三倍体耗氧率平均为1.345 mg/(g?h),二倍体为1.679 mg/(g?h),之后随盐度降低耗氧率稍有升高。在相同条件下,三倍体和二倍体太平洋牡蛎排氨率出现不同程度升高,在盐度20‰达到最高,三倍体排氨率平均为530.256μg/(g?h),二倍体为360.765μg/(g?h),之后随盐度降低排氨率大幅度降低。以体重为协变量进行协方差分析结果表明:盐度、倍性效应引起耗氧率差异达到显著水平(p<0.01),二倍体太平洋牡蛎耗氧率大于三倍体,盐度引起排氨率差异极显著(p<0.01),倍性效应引起的排氨率差异不显著。     

西伯利亚鲟稚幼鱼生长特征的初步研究

在人工培育条件下,对西伯利亚鲟稚幼鱼的生长特征进行了研究,结果表明:平均体长为2.12 cm、平均体重为0.07 g的7日龄稚鱼经140 d的人工饲养长成平均全长为42.69 cm、平均体重为254 g的个体,其日均增长量2.93 mm、平均瞬时增长率2.14 %,全长与日龄之间呈线性关系,L = -0.7711+ 0.3126t (r = 0.9948);体重日均增长量1.82 g、平均瞬时增重率5.37 %,体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,W = 0.3157e0.0529t (r = 0.9354);体重与全长的回归曲线为W = 0.0082L2.7046 (r = 0.9977),幂指数值接近3,表明该鱼体重与全长的立方呈正相关关系,属于等比生长类型。     

关于高温UASB-常温三相好氧生物流化床处理偶氮染料废水的研究

研究了组合工艺(高温55℃UASB反应器一常温三相好氧生物流化床)对含盐偶氮染料活性嫩黄X-6G的去除能效。试验结果表明:在水温为55℃,运行周期120d,水力停留时间18h的条件下,此工艺对于CODCr为600～1 000mg/L,含盐量为25～35g/L,活性嫩黄X-6G的浓度为40～50mg/L的染料废水,染料及CODCr的去除率可达80%～90%。     

四川裂腹鱼繁殖生态生物学研究(续) Ⅱ胚胎发育的研究

本文描述了四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育过程。在水温11.0—21.0℃,平均16.35℃条件下。受精后1h形成胶盘,11h进入囊胚期,23h进入原肠胚期,39h进入神经胚期,45h出现肌节,78h形成心脏,130h孵出。四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育过程与青海湖裸鲤、墨头鱼、云南光唇鱼相比,其肌肉效应期和尾鳍褶形成期出现的顺序、卵周隙大小、初孵鱼苗全长等方面均有差异。这主要是产卵场的差异导致的。温度对四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育有明显影响。     

亚硝化-反硝化固定化细胞捷径生物脱氮的研究

选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(CA)作为载体,添加适量SiO2粉末,将筛选出来的高效亚硝化细菌和反硝化细菌分别制成固定化细胞,联合进行脱氮实验.结果表明:按1:1的比例,亚硝化细菌和反硝化细菌固定化细胞接种量为15%(W/V),在温度为30℃,摇床转数为110rpm的条件下处理合成废水(NH4+-N=150mg/L,碱度(NaHCO3=1700mg/L,pH=8.0),27h,脱氮率为97.53%;处理富营养化水体(NH4+-N=34.26mg/L,pH=6.7),20h,脱氮率达到79.51%.     

乌江上游两种裂腹鱼食性的初步分析

材料和方法 所用标本系1989——1991年采自乌江上游总溪河段、四川裂腹鱼31号,昆明裂腹鱼34号。食性材料是用8％的FormaLin固定保存的。在实验室中取肠道前1/3洗出内容物、用放大镜,体视显微镜和显微镜进行食物种类鉴定,并进行统计分析。 结果和讨论 在有食物的24号昆明裂腹鱼标本中,植物性食物出现率为100％,动物性食物为20.83％。在植物性食物中、藻类的出现频次最高,其中硅藻出现了22次。从食物的相对数量看,硅藻占80％以上,其中舟状藻属的种类占50％以上。统计分析表明,昆明裂腹鱼植物性食物与动物性食物的     

紫外光光强对TiO2-膨润土降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的影响

在室温、电磁搅拌和6W紫外灯(距静止液面距离分别为6.5 cm、18.5 cm、30.5 cm和42.5 cm)的不同光强(在静止液面处的光强分别为700~750μW/cm2、300~310μW/cm2、200~210μW/cm2和110~120μW/cm2),及太阳光的不同紫外光强度照射条件下,质量分数为0.5‰的纳米TiO2-膨润土复合光催化剂对初始质量浓度为20 mg/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中SDBS的降解反应表明:光强对SDBS降解的影响较大,光强越强SDBS的降解率越高、溶液的COD值降低率越大;不同光强下,TiO2-膨润土对SDBS降解反应为一级反应,符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程;随着光强的增大,TiO2-膨润土对SDBS降解的光催化反应速率常数增大。     

Effects of different external carbon sources and electron acceptors on interactions between denitrification and phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal processes

The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS·h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO₂-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher denitrification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite).     

Degradation of chlorophenol by in-situ electrochemically generated oxidant

INTRODUCTION With the development of industry, more and more pollutants are discharged into environment, among them, phenolic wastes are typical contami-nants considered to be hazardous and top priority toxic pollutants listed by the USEPA. They are toxic even at low concentration. Due to their biorefractory, bioaccumulation and carcinogenic potential, the treatment of these contaminants is very important in environmental protection. Various technologies and processes have been tried …     

Degradation of chlorophenol by in-situ electrochemically generated oxidant

A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing chlorophenol. Under oxygen sparging, the strong oxidant, hydrogen dioxide, could be in-situ generated through the reduction of oxygen on the surface of the cathode. The removal rate ofchlorophenol could be increased 149% when oxygen was induced in the electrochemical cell. The promotion factor was estimated to be about 82.63% according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (min-1). Important operating parameters such as current density, sparged oxygen rate were investigated.Higher sparged oxygen rate could improve the degradation of chlorophenol. To make full use of oxygen, however, sparged oxygen rate of 0.05 m3/h was adopted in this work. Oxidation-reduction potential could remarkably affect the generation of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the removal rate of chlorophenol was not in direct proportion to the applied current density. The optimum current density was 3.5 mA/cm2 when initial chlorophenol concentration was 100 mg/L and sparged oxygen rate was 0.05 m3/h.     

Effects of loading rate and hydraulic residence time on anoxic sulfide biooxidation

The optimal operation conditions in an anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) bioreactor were investigated. The maximal removal rates for sulfide and nitrate were found to be 4.18 kg/(m3·d) and 1.73 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The volumetrical volumetric loading rates (LRs) observed through decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) at fixed substrate concentration are higher than those by increasing substrate concentration at fixed HRT. The sulfide oxidation in ASO reactor was partially producing both sulfate and sulfur; but the amount of sulfate produced was approximately one third that of sulfur. The process was able to tolerate high sulfide concentration, as the sulfide removal percentage always remained near 99% when influent concentration was up to 580 mg/L. It tolerated relatively lower nitrate concentration because the removal percentage dropped to 85% when influent con- centration was increased above 110 mg/L. The process can tolerate shorter HRT but careful operation is needed. Nitrate conversion was more sensitive to HRT than sulfide conversion since the process performance deteriorated abruptly when HRT was decreased from 3.12 h to 2.88 h. In order to avoid nitrite accumulation in the reactor, the influent sulfide and nitrate concentrations should be kept at 280 mg/L and 67.5 mg/L respectively. Present biotechnology is useful for removing sulfides from sewers and crude oil.     

Characterization of the start-up period of single-step autotrophic nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor

The characteristics of the start-up period of single-step autotrophic nitrogen removal process were investigated. The autotrophic nitrogen removal process used a sequencing batch reactor to treat wastewater of medium to low ammonia-nitrogen concentration, with dissolved oxygen （DO）, hydraulic retention time （HRT） and temperature controlled. The experimental conditions were temperature at （30±2） ℃, ammonia concentration of （60 to 120） mg/L, DO of （0.8 to 1.0） mg/L, pH from 7.8 to 8.5 and HRT of 24 h. The rates of nitrification and nitrogen removal turn out to be 77% and 40%, respectively, after a start up period going through three stages divided according to nitrite accumulation： sludge domestication, nitrifying bacteria selection and sludge adaptation, It is demonstrated that dissolved oxygen is critical to nitrite accumulation and elastic YJZH soft compound packing is superior to polyhedral hollow balls in helping the bacteria adhere to the membrane.     

三唑酮+乙蒜素混剂对九重葛插穗生长的影响

用三唑酮(6.25%) 乙蒜素(93.75%)混合配制成160 m g/L至1 600 m g/L不同浓度的药剂(10种),对九重葛插穗浸泡处理3 h后扦插。实验结果,各种处理中最佳的插穗生根数、根长、根径的平均值分别为23.2根、20.5 mm、1.1 mm,最高成活率达到86.7%,所测生长指标与对照组的差异极显著(P<0.01)。在160 m g/L至400 m g/L范围,药剂的处理浓度与插穗的生根数、根长、根径以及成活率的关系均符合二次曲线模型(R2>0.98),而与枝叶的生长呈负相关(R2>0.95),但与对照的差异不显著。统计分析结果,三唑酮.乙蒜素混剂对九重葛插穗的最佳处理剂量为266 m g/L。     

呋喃唑酮、法莫替丁、乐得胃联合治疗十二指肠溃疡临床观察

目的:探求适用于低收入人群十二指肠溃疡(DU)患者经济、有效的治疗方案。方法:将156例活动性DU患者随机分成2组,治疗组82例,用呋喃唑酮200mg、乐得胃2片每天三次,法莫替丁20mg早晚各一次治疗2周:对照组74例,用羟氨苄青霉素500mg、胶体果胶铋100mg(以Bi计)每天三次,奥美拉唑40mg每天早晨一次治疗2周,疗程结束时复查胃镜观察溃疡愈合情况,疗程结束后4周取胃粘膜检查幽门螺杆菌(HP),观察HP根除情况。结果:治疗组和对照组对DU有效率分别为93.6％和94.5％,无统计学差异(P>0.05),HP根除率分别为82.3％和95.7％,对照组明显高于治疗组(P<0.01);治疗组2例出现白细胞轻度降低(3.5×10~9/L),对照组1例ALT轻度升高,治疗结束后均恢复,余无严重不良反应。呋喃唑酮、乐得胃、法莫替丁联合治疗DU,虽然HP根除率稍低,但经济、安全、有效,尤其适用于低收入患者。     

蛇鮈个体生殖力的研究

蛇绝对生殖力为4770（1476～14730）粒，相对生殖力（F/L）为393．3（113．5～978．1）粒／cm，F/Wo为326．6（71．0～651.0）粒／g，鱼体长范围为9．6～16．1cm，体重范围为8．9～52．4g，绝对生殖力和体长（L），净体重（Wo）均呈直线正相关。