从期待视野看汉语中英语外来词的翻译

期待视野这一重要概念来源于阐释学和现象学,它在一定程度上决定着接受者的接受程度和接受能力。外来词的翻译,不论采用直译还是意译,都是在期待视野不同的两种文化、两个民族间进行的跨文化交际。随着期待视野的扩展,外来词翻译中也会出现一词多译、音译词向意译词转化、外来词汉化等现象。外来词翻译一旦被接受,就在两种文化、两个民族之间实现了视野融合。     

汉语外来词范畴试探——从外来词语言文化二重性看汉语外来词的范畴

汉语外来词是一个具有一定模糊性的范畴。各类外来词所含外来和固有语言文化因素的不同决定了它们在外来词范畴中地位的不同。从语言二重性来看,外来词范畴中拼音借形词、意译词和仿译词隶属度较低。从文化二重性来看,各种外来词所含外来和固有文化因素的多寡并不在于其引入方式,而在于其本土化程度。总体来说,在汉语外来词范畴中,谐意音译词处于中心区域,拼音借形词、意译词和仿译词处于边缘地带,是边缘外来词。     

文学翻译与文化过滤

文化过滤是指根据自身文化积淀和文化传统,对外来文化进行选择、分析、借鉴和重组,是接受美学在文学交流活动中的一种重要表现形式。文学翻译过程中的文化过滤在所难免．主要包括有意识的文化替换改写与删节和无意识的文化过滤流失。对于外来文化引进,译者需要过滤杂质,保持本土文化纯净;对于本土文本外译,译者需要减少文化精华流失,促进本土文化传播。     

粤语英源外来词翻译的文化顺应研究

外来词翻译是一种跨文化交际行为。以粤语英源外来词为分析对象，并依托交际语境的四维构成，本研究发现粤语英源外来词的译词数量差异体现了语言使用者和物理世界对粤方言区尚食文化的顺应，特殊译法体现了心理世界和社交世界分别对粤方言区趋吉文化和重商文化的顺应。本研究揭示了在构成交际语境的四个方面，对应由价值观、空间、定势、规范四个文化要素推动了粤语英源外来词翻译的文化顺应。     

俄汉语仿译词浅析

仿译词作为外来词构成的一种特殊形式,不仅丰富了词汇,还为各种语言间的交流搭建了桥梁。俄语和汉语作为两种不同类型的语言,在外来词的仿译中存在一些差异,仿译词的内涵、类型不同,主要受到语言本身及民族思维文化的影响。本文分析了俄汉语中仿译词的异同,探讨了仿译外来词的产生与作用。     

海峡两岸对英源外来词一词两译现象的探析

由于曾经隔绝对立并经历了不同的社会发展,海峡两岸在对英源外来词的翻译使用上,出现了一词两译的现象。本文对这一现象进行分析,并从中总结出两岸在翻译外来词方面的一些共性和差异以及规律。     

从文化接触的视角看汉语中的意译外来词

外来词是一个民族与其他民族之间语言文化接触的产物,是文化移植的结果。中国历史上几次大规模的外来词引入是和历史上的几次翻译高潮一致的。对于意译词是不是外来词的问题存在两种不同的观点。笔者赞成把意译词看做外来词的观点。意译的概念有广义和狭义之分。意译外来词对汉语言文化的发展起着重要作用。但意译外来词研究,特别是纯意译词的研究比较薄弱,亟待加强。     

试探严复译词为日源外来词所取代之因

本文以文献阅读与语料收集为手段,对严复译词为日源外来词的取代情况作了初步整理,即依据现有论文整理出的八大译著的英文原文、严复译文与今译文,制成八大译著中社科类专用词对照表,对现已没落的严复译词的特征进行了总结,发现湮没的严复译词常采用音译,音译意译结合等手段,翻译中常有一词多译,使用生僻字、单音节词等现象。从严复译词的缺点,译入语汉语的特点,日源外来词的优点,历史原因四个方面进行论述,以期较为全面地揭示严复译词为日源外来词取代之因。     

现代汉语中外来词的界定、翻译与规范

本文首先从符号借用的角度,探讨语言借用的各种方式,并以此为据重新界定了现代汉语中外来词的范畴.作者认为广义的现代汉语外来词应该包括借义词、借音义词、借形义词、和借音形义词.接着本文运用社会符号学的翻译理论分别评析了借义词和借音义词各自不同的翻译方法,结论是音义兼顾法是外来词借入最好的翻译方式.最后本文探讨了外来词翻译的规范化问题,并得出结论.     

英源外来词译借的文化学审视

以当代汉语中出现的常用英源外来词为对象,从文化学的角度分析英源外来词译借所涉及的语用策略,并探讨中国文化语境在外来词译借中的作用,即在表音、释义的汉语字、词选择过程中,体现出来的对中华民族文化心理、形象思维方式以及汉字文化意义等因素的顺从。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Inequalities for inscribed simplexes

The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.