地方高校研究生教育创新基地的发展与困境

创新是一个国家和民族的灵魂。为进一步加强研究生创新能力培养,提高培养质量,国家实施了"研究生教育创新计划"。湖北省教育厅根据国家提出的《关于实施研究生教育创新计划,加强研究生创新能力培养,进一步提高培养质量的若干意见》和《关于加强研究生教育创新计划区域合作的意见》精神,结合中部崛起战略,在2006年制定并实施了"研究生教育创新计划"。建立研究生教育创新基地是实施计划的重要内     

研究生培养创新基地教育模式研究

建立研究生培养基地是国家实施“研究生教育创新计划”的重要内容之一。黑龙江省教育厅根据国家提出的“研究生教育创新计划”的要求,结合老工业基地振兴总体规划,在2005年实施了“研究生教育创新计划”,主要内容包括建立“研究生培养创新示范基地”、设立“研究生创新科研基金”,开展“研究生开放课程建设”等,着重为培养研究生创新科研能力提供服务。据此,我校与企业合作建立了研究生培养创新基地。     

推进研究生教育创新计划 造就大批高素质创新人才

从增强我国自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的战略高度出发,通过分析当前国际研究生教育的发展趋势,系统论述了在我国实施研究生教育创新计划的重要战略意义.基于这种认识,文章系统阐释了实施研究生教育创新计划的根本任务和主要目的,概括总结了近年来实施研究生教育创新计划所取得的主要成就和基本经验,并就如何以科学发展观为指导,继续推进研究生教育创新计划提出了一些原则性意见和建议.     

全国优秀博士学位论文评选工作

研究生教育创新计划是2002年开始酝酿并提出的,2004年列入(2003-2007年教育振兴行动计划》。实施研究生教育创新计划的目的,是要深入探索新形势下研究生教育规律,更新观念,深化改革,推进创新,建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的研究生教育体制和运行机制;加强研究生培养基地建设,改善培养条件,促进优质资源共享;建立研究生科研创新激励机制,营造创新氛围,强化创新意识、创业精神和创新能力的培养。2002年和2003年,教育部批准并资助27所设有研究生院的重点大学启动了一批研究生教育创新计划项目。2004年11月30日至12月1日,在北京召开了研究生教育创新计划研讨会,27所高校研究生院的主要负责同志参加了会议,对已实施的创新计划项目进行了广泛而深入的交流和讨论。下面选登其中部分创新计划项目的经验,供交流和借鉴。     

2007年研究生教育创新工作会议在杭州召开

(记者赵清华)2007年3月13～14日,2007年研究生教育创新工作会议在浙江大学召开。本次会议的主要议题是总结交流2006年研究生教育创新计划实施的经验,研究部署2007年研究生教育创新计划项目实施工作,研讨实施研究生教育创新计划与深化研究生教育改革及提高研究生培养质量等问题。国     

“2011计划”与研究生拔尖人才培养机制

实施"2011计划"为培养研究生拔尖创新人才提供了契机。针对高校拔尖创新人才培养体系的存在问题,论述了研究生协同创新之内涵与特性、构成要素和人才培养模式。根据最近审批的"2011协同创新中心"的运作特点,首先说明了遴选有创新潜质的研究生,进入"2011协同创新中心",从事研究,建立拔尖人才培养机制的必要性;然后分析了该机制在培养方案、学术文化、资源共享、人才成长环境和制度改革等方面,对于研究生在团队创新作为和研究水平提升上的优势和实践价值;最后提出了实施"2011计划"、培养研究生拔尖创新人才的建议。     

多种渠道组合力量 培养博士生创新能力

提高高等教育质量是未来一段时间我国高等教育发展中的主要议题。教育部《关于实施研究生教育创新计划加强研究生创新能力培养进一步提高培养质量的若干意见》中提出,要"建立研究生科研创新激励机制,营造创新氛围,强化创新意识、创新精神和创新     

构建立体型“研究生教育创新计划”实施体系

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》把实施"研究生教育创新计划"作为大力推进研究生教育机制改革,提高人才培养质量,培育高层次拔尖创新人才的重要举措,这既是对国家实施"研究生教育创新计划"9年来所取得成效的充分肯定,也是对未来继续推进此计划的方向指引。吉林师范大学在实施"研究生教育创新计划"中,以点带面,分层推进,突出特色,注重实效,逐     

加强学术交流，促进民族地区高校研究生创新能力的培养

研究生创新素质的培养,不仅应在专业培养计划内实施,还应通过课程外的各种学术交流活动加以拓展和深化。学术交流是研究生创新素质培养的一条有效途径。本文结合学校实际对学术交流在研究生创新素质培养中的作用、学术交流的实践形式进行了分析．并提出了进一步办好研究生学术交流的对策。     

依托“111计划”基地建设提升研究生科研素质

结合"高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)"—"可持续制造关键技术创新引智基地"建设,探讨了依托"111计划"基地建设对研究生科研素质的提升举措,并对实施效果进行了分析讨论,以期为研究生科研素质培养提供参考。     

Supposer et postuler pour produire des connaissances scientifiques: une évidence ou une conquête théorique? Une étude des points de vue d'étudiants

Résumé De manière générale, l'évidence sensorielle et, plus particulièrement, visuelle constitue pour les étudiants le principal fondement du savoir scientifique: nul besoin de supposer pour connaître, tout est donné ou presque. Du point de vue de l'enseignement des sciences, cette croyance à saveur réaliste est particulièrement critique, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à penser que les concepts, lois et théories scientifiques procèdent d'un monde de matérialités plutôt que d'un monde de modèles et de relations. Au cours d'une recherche effectuée auprès d'un groupe-classe de 35 étudiants durant douze semaines, nous avons pu observer que, pour la majorité des étudiants, la compréhension du caractère construit et consensuel du savoir scientifique était facilitée par le développement d'une métaréflexion sur leurs propres productions de connaissance et les inévitables postulats et suppositions qui les fondent. Nous avons également pu observer qu'il découle de cette activité réflexive un modèle de science qui se distingue des modèles initialement tenus par les étudiants, par le pouvoir créateur et, surtout, le pouvoir de théoriser qu'il comporte: postuler, supposer, jauger collectivement de la plausibilité des résultats plutôt qu'en appeler à une instance occulte, voilà quelques-unes des conquêtes théoriques qu'ils ont effectuées et sur lesquelles nous allons nous attarder.

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Sensorial, and more specifically, visual evidence is generally regarded by students as the basis for scientific knowledge: no need to postulate to understand, all is almost or practically given. From a science-teaching standpoint, this rather realistic approach is critical and leads to the belief that scientific concepts, laws, and theories stem from a world of materiality rather than from a world of models and relationships. During a 12-week study a group of 35 college students, we observed that for the majority of them, the development of metareflection on how they produce knowledge, with the inevitable and inherent postulates and conjecture, facilitated their understanding of the constructed and consensual character of scientific knowledge. We also observed that this reflexive activity facilitated the development of a new approach to science that differed from those models previously used by the students in its creative potential and, more importantly, in the power of its theoretics: to postulate, suppose, and collectively estimate the plausibility of results rather than calling up occult instances. These and other theoretical achievements will be discussed in this paper.

     

Ecriture,Recherche et Pédagogie

Résumé Cet essai évoque les contextes pédagogiques de l'écriture au-delà des formes d'écriture convenues en recherche, et questionne les usages scolaires de l'écriture. J'y suggère d'autres usages inspirés d'une approche qui inverse les rapports usuels entre communication et représentation, entre kinésis et mimésis. Cette approche vise une démystification du pouvoir de l'écriture à représenter le réel, à dominer la communication, et une promotion d'une écriture expressive et métaphorique, favorisant l'appropriation de cette technologie virtuellement libérante.Université Laval     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relations Among Professional Development,Educators’ Beliefs and Perceived Skills,and Response-to-Intervention Implementation

ABSTRACT

Professional development is a critical systems-level intervention thought to facilitate Response-to-Intervention (RtI) implementation. The current study examined the relations between professional development, educator outcomes, and problem-solving implementation within an RtI framework using growth curve modeling. School leadership teams from pilot schools (n = 34) participated in 3 years of training. Pilot schools also received job-embedded coaching. Comparison schools (n = 27) provided a referent group. Results indicated that problem-solving implementation increased faster at pilot schools (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, t = 2.03, p < .05). In addition, beliefs regarding data-based decision-making (β = 0.36, SE = 0.17, t = 2.13, p < .05) and perceived problem-solving skills applied to academics (β = 0.30, SE = 0.10, t = 3.07, p < .01) positively related to implementation. Implications include the needs to further explore professional development activities and for consultants to utilize evidence-based professional development principles when supporting RtI implementation.     

A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three-dimensional printed anatomy tools

Due to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41-item survey (five-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety-six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of $x$² (147) = 211.568, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.     

“Street Love”: How Street Life Oriented U. S. Born African Men Frame Giving Back to One Another and the Local Community

This Participatory Action Research (PAR) project worked with four active street life oriented U. S. Born African men, to document how a community sample of street life oriented U. S. Born African men between the ages of 16–65, frame and use “street life” as a Site of Resiliency (Payne, Dissertation, 2005; Journal of Black Psychology 34(1):3–31, 2008). Qualitative data was collected in the form of 20 individual and two group interviews. These data reveal an inter-generational, conceptualization and use, of the term “street love” in street life oriented U. S. born African men. Also, these data reveal that notions of “street love” extend out a critique of community professionals (e.g., community researchers/interventionists, social workers, etc.) as being unable and unwilling to produce “real help” in the local community. Examples of street love, revealed in the study, include the men offering advice/counsel, money or “free turkeys” during Thanksgiving to one another as well as other members of the local community. Results support Payne’s (2005) three-dimension conceptualization of “street love”: (1) individual, (2) group and (3) communal level expressions of “street love”.

Power Relationships in Rumpelstiltskin: A Textual Comparison of a Traditional and a Reconstructed Fairy Tale

Reconstructed fairy tales provide a different point of view and challenge the assumptions of a common set of values; for that reason, these stories provide a medium in which to examine power relationships in texts by applying a critical multicultural analysis (Botelho & Rudman, forthcoming, 2008, A critical multicultural analysis of children’s literature: Mirrors, windows and doors. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum) to identify and analyze power relations of Rumpelstiltskin (Grimm & Grimm, 1812/1987, New York: Bantam) and Rumpelstiltskin’s Daughter (Stanley, 1997, New York: Morrow Junior Books). Specifically, this study examines how power is exercised on a continuum: domination, collusion, resistance, and agency. Findings indicate that by identifying and questioning text ideologies, critical readers can consider how texts maintain, counteract, or promote alternative systemic power structures.

Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient

Prevention programs often encourage sexually abused children to disclose without fully considering the potential for adverse consequences. This study examined the impact of disclosure on abuse cessation and later adult symptomatology. A clinical sample of 301 adult survivors completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES/IES-R), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Participants were divided into 3 groups: Nondisclosure (n = 221), Disclosure/Abuse Ended (n = 25), and Disclosure/Abuse Continued (n = 55). Multivariate analyses of covariance, adjusting for abuse characteristics (age of onset, penetration, and number of perpetrators) and other trauma exposure, revealed significant differences in psychiatric symptom severity among the three groups, Wilks’ λ = 0. 95, F (6, 584) = 2.69, p = 0.014, η_p² = 0.03. Specifically, those in the Disclosure/Abuse Continued group scored significantly higher on the IES/IES-R Intrusion subscale (p = 0.04) and the BDI-II (p = 0.01), as compared to the Nondisclosure group. The Disclosure/Abuse Ended group did not differ significantly from the other groups. Results suggest that disclosure may be detrimental unless adequate steps are taken to ensure abuse cessation and appropriate treatment.