膜蛋白三维结构研究的新突破——线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合物II结构解析

由清华大学-中科院生物物理所结构生物学联合研究小组完成的“线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合物II的晶体结构”研究成果以Article的方式发表在2005年7月1日出版的Cell上。本文介绍了该项成果的研究背景、意义、主要创新点及方法。     

一种重要的光合膜蛋白——菠菜主要捕光复合物的晶体结构

由生物物理研究所主持,植物研究所参加完成的"菠菜主要捕光复合物的晶体结构"研究成果以Article的方式发表在2004年3月18日出版的Nature上,该晶体结构图被选作本期杂志的封面图案.本文介绍了该项成果的研究背景、意义、主要创新点及方法.     

高校碳足迹和碳结构探索

近年来,为了应对气候变化,转变以往"高消耗、高污染"的发展模式,关于碳足迹和低碳经济的研究已经悄然展开.总结了日常生活中碳足迹计算的相关方法和常用实例,分析、比较了高校的碳结构,并通过抽样关注高校碳足迹,提出了高校碳足迹研究方案以及发展前景.这将为提倡大学生低碳生活方式和绿色校园建设提供有益的建议和帮助,并促进低碳社会的发展.     

我国科技活动结构发生根本性转变

科技活动的内部结构是国家创新体系的重要内涵,是衡量我国科技体制改革进程的主要指标之一.1985年<中共中央、国务院关于科技体制改革的决定>对于当时我国科技资源的配置作了深刻的分析,揭示了"过多研究机构与企业相分离,研究、设计、教育、生产相脱节"的体制弊端,提出"经济建设必须依靠科学技术,科学技术工作必须面向经济建设"的指导方针.经过十几年的科技改革与发展,我国科技活动结构的实际状况如何?科技发展的总体格局是否发生了一些变化?对于这个涉及国家科技战略态势的重要判据性指标需要进行实证研究.     

生物物理所对细菌脂多糖转运组装膜蛋白复合体结构解析取得重要成果

中科院生物物理所黄亿华研究组对细菌脂多糖转运组装膜蛋白复合体结构解析取得重要成果。研究人员成功地解析了致病菌福氏志贺菌来源的分子量约为110000D的LptD—LptE膜蛋白复合体2．4A的高分辨率晶体结构。该晶体结构披露了一种前所未有的由两个蛋白所形成的“塞子-桶”结构模式,并首次观察到一个整合膜蛋白（LptD）中含有两对非连续的、跨结构域的二硫键。     

高校科协组织治理结构理论研究

本文从组织治理结构的角度分析了高校科协组织治理结构存在的问题,提出了高校科协"科技工作者之家"组织发展目标.围绕这一目标,依据社团组织治理结构理论进行了高校科协组织治理结构设计,并研究了高校科协应有的组织结构和治理结构.藉此推动高校科协组织建设的深入开展.     

膜蛋白转运机制及其相关蛋白质功能的研究

细胞分泌是基本的生命活动,是生物信息传递的关键环节.免疫防卫反应、细胞的生长、受精过程、细胞内外的物质交换、细胞膜上受体蛋白的嵌入以及再循环等细胞生理功能的实现都与细胞分泌活动有关,且所涉及的一些膜转运蛋白和分子机制是类似的.文章对分泌过程、相关蛋白质的功能以及对分泌的调控等进行了概述,介绍了国内外对膜蛋白转运机制及其相关蛋白质功能的最新研究成果.并对目前提出的假设及存在的问题进行了讨论与展望.     

企业科技创新团队心理资本结构及开发路径

企业科技创新团队的心理资本是能被测量、开发和有效管理,具有状态性和特质性二维结构特征的概念.本研究应用积极心理学与传统心理学相济发展优势,设计本土化的创新人才心理资本开发"三阶"目标导向路径.     

心态的结构以及心态调整的途径研究

心态及心态调整在组织的人力资源管理实践中越来越受到人们的重视,但以往的文献对心态的概念及理论研究却比较零散.从探讨"心态"的概念和维度出发,提出心态的四种分布和转变趋势;在此基础上继而探讨了心态调整的途径及心态调整对工作绩效的影响,为系统研究心态提供了一个基础的理论视角.未来的研究将是对这个模型的操作化定义和实证的检验.     

人才政策区域比较与政策结构偏好研究

随着人才竞争的加剧,人才政策的作用愈来愈显著.本文以国内七个城市颁布的人才政策为样本,对经济发达地区人才政策内容进行了比较.研究发现,各地区的人才政策差异主要在于"福利性政策"的力度和吸引人才类型偏好,而各地区"发展性政策"的差异则相对较小.在福利性政策的基础上,立足于满足人才的发展性需求,正在经历着由福利性政策向发展性政策的转变.然而,发展性政策尚未能充分满足人才的核心需求,因此,结合发展性政策存在的问题,提出了强化发展性政策的建议.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.