我国教师专业学习共同体发展现状的实证研究——以上海市中小学为例

专业学习共同体是近年来国内外探讨的热点话题,它被研究者视为学校改进的关键原因。本研究以上海市中小学为例,通过大规模的问卷调查,对我国教师专业学习共同体的发展现状进行分析。研究发现上海学校教师专业学习共同体在整体上具有较高的发展水平,但不同学段、区域、规模、历史的学校之间的共同体发展水平存在一定的差异。可通过打破制度障碍、强化对中学和农村学校的支持、加强教师团队建设等途径改进专业学习共同体实践,以进一步推动学校教育质量的改进。     

学校文化建设的PCOLT模式及其启示

PCOLT模式认为,学校文化的三种文化特质——专业共同体、组织学习以及信任,都与学生学习有着密切的联系。PCOLT模式强调,在学校文化建设过程中,应该发挥校长作为文化变革驱动者的作用,应该通过专业共同体强化教师之间的信任,应该构建网络学习共同体,应该加强与地方政府、社区之间的联系。PCOLT模式可以为我国校园文化建设带来积极启示:通过提高校长文化领导力促进学校文化建设;通过发展教师专业共同体促进学校文化建设;通过提升群体意识促进学校文化建设。     

学校文化建设的PCOLT模式及其启示

PCOLT模式认为,学校文化的三种文化特质——专业共同体、组织学习以及信任,都与学生学习有着密切的联系。PCOLT模式强调,在学校文化建设过程中,应该发挥校长作为文化变革驱动者的作用,应该通过专业共同体强化教师之间的信任,应该构建网络学习共同体,应该加强与地方政府、社区之间的联系。PCOLT模式可以为我国校园文化建设带来积极启示：通过提高校长文化领导力促进学校文化建设;通过发展教师专业共同体促进学校文化建设;通过提升群体意识促进学校文化建设。     

基于网络信息技术的教师专业学习共同体实践路径研究

教师专业学习共同体是一种教师之间新型的教学自我提升手段.本文从教师专业学习共同体的缘起入手,深入探究了教师专业学习共同体建构内核与特征,分析了网络信息技术下教师专业学习共同体的优势,提出了基于网络技术的教师专业学习共同体的实践路径.     

学习共同体视角下的教师专业发展

教师学习共同体是促进教师专业发展的重要载体。教师学习共同体的构建是学校持续发展的需要,是与时俱进的需要,是教师专业成长的需要。在教师学习共同体视角下的教师专业发展运行机制是：确立以人为本的教师学习共同体核心理念;引导教师从自发状态转向自觉状态;建立知识库和教师知识共享机制;建立多种形式的专业引领运行机制和模式;建立宽松的学校管理机制。     

厦门第一中学:基于学习共同体的青年教师专业成长的校本策略

学习共同体是促进教师专业发展的有效模式。厦门一中成立青年教师成长沙龙,基于学习共同体,探索实践以论文和课题引领校本研修、以读书会激发教学创造力、以教案漂流优化教学设计、以学科主题沙龙提升专业素养等校本策略。此外,学校应给予系统支持,努力提升青年教师自我专业成长意识,鼓励教师积极参与多元化的学习共同体。     

校本教师发展与教师专业学习共同体的建构

相对传统教师发展的范式,即自上而下的发展模式——校本教师发展强调教师为改革的中心,教师发展应立足于教师工作的环境和脉络之中,以课堂和学校为本位。教师专业学习共同体则关注教师发展的脉络化,强调通过在学校中建构专业学习共同体,实现教师学习和实践的共享,从而提升教师质素,并实现学校向学习型组织的转变。校本教师发展与教师专业学习共同体在学校脉络这一平台上实现融合,教师在学校的专业学习共同体之脉络中,借由分享领导、集体学习、共享实践,并最终形成教师发展的学校本位之系统建构。     

困境与超越:专业学习共同体下的学习文化构建

专业学习共同体把管理者和教师联结在一起,相互交流,共同学习,以提高专业教学效率,达到学生、教师、学校共同发展的目的。以专业学习共同体为视角审视学校学习文化,发现校长带头学习的示范效应差、教师共同探究与反思的意识不强等问题。要建设学习文化,可以采用强化校长的学习、分享及对教师的支持,促进教师个人和教师团队持续不断地学习,理解和高度关注学生的学习等策略。     

教师学习共同体：教师专业发展的新途径

教师学习共同体是教师专业发展的一种有效形式。目前,我国基础教育中的教师学习共同体正处于发展时期,很多学校都存在着不同类型的教师学习共同体的实践。既有成功经验,也有很多亟待解决的问题。本文从共同体的概念入手,揭示了教师学习共同体的内涵、发生与演进的逻辑,以及对教师专业发展和学校改进的重要意义。     

教师学习共同体与教师专业发展

"合作"、"共享"是教师专业发展的关键。教师学习共同体是教师间合作的有效组织,在教师专业发展中起着激发教师专业发展的主体意识、丰富教师个体知识、构建教师协作文化的作用。健全学校制度,对教师学习进行考核奖励;开展以校为本的教研活动;对教师的学习共同体进行专家引领等是组建教师学习共同体的重要举措。     

Understanding teachers’ professional learning goals from their current professional concerns

In the day-to-day workplace teachers direct their own learning, but little is known about what drives their decisions about what they would like to learn. These decisions are assumed to be influenced by teachers’ current professional concerns. Also, teachers in different professional life phases have different reasons for engaging in professional learning. In this study, we explored the professional concerns underlying teachers’ learning goals in order to understand variation in professional learning over a teacher’s career. In this qualitative study, we administered a semi-structured interview and a card sorting task to 15 secondary school teachers to elicit teachers’ learning goals and current professional concerns. By conceptually combining teachers’ learning goals with professional concerns in concern-goal pairs, we sought to understand the different reasons for teachers’ learning. These concern-goal pairs were characterized in three different types of reasons: continuous, growth and improvement, and work-management. The results showed that early career teachers have mainly growth and improvement concerns, whereas mid- and late-career teachers have both continuous and growth and improvement concerns. Work-management concerns differ for early- and late-career teachers. Results are further discussed in terms of professional life phase models and teachers’ developmental tasks throughout their career.     

Searching for good practice in teaching: a comparison of two subject‐based professional learning communities in a secondary school in Shanghai

Since the mid‐1990s, the concept of professional learning communities has arisen in the education field in the West, aiming to improve teachers’ professional competency by using collaborative approaches. Western studies indicate that these strategies help teachers achieve professional growth. Schools in China have had a long history of enhancing the professional competency of teachers by using collaboration in school‐based contexts. But do professional learning communities in Chinese schools, especially in times of change, do the same for Chinese teachers? This study provides empirical data from Chinese teachers to assist global discussions on school‐based professional development. The study uses qualitative data collection methods, including semi‐structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis, to investigate how teachers from two subject departments in a secondary school in Shanghai enhance their knowledge and practice within their subject‐based professional learning communities. Results show that members of these two communities have shared common goals and have developed a sense of collective accountability. The study also found that socio‐cultural factors, such as the collectivist values, authoritarian‐oriented practices and influences of interpersonal relationship, are crucial in the development of Chinese professional learning communities, even though different communities may differ in other respects.     

Affordances of teacher professional learning in secondary schools

It is commonly understood that teachers in secondary school should develop throughout their career in order to stay as an essential factor in student learning. Schools can offer opportunities to link teachers’ professional learning to their school practice with a positive impact on teachers’ motivation to learn and the effectiveness of their learning. In this field study, teachers, school leaders, policy-makers, educational consultants and educational scholars were asked for their perceptions of conditions for teacher learning in school and of interventions in school to enhance teacher professional learning. These conditions and interventions were understood as affordances in schools that enable and support teacher professional learning. The main affordance in school these stakeholders mentioned was an open, but critical way in which teachers share their practices, collaborate and reflect upon their teaching practice. Collaborative practices seem to stimulate many interventions of teacher professional learning in school. Two implications of this finding are discussed. First, we suggest that the maximum teaching time should be reduced, team teaching should be more implemented or classes should be scheduled in such a way that teachers can meet. Second, distributed leadership approaches match with our findings about the role of school leaders in teacher professional learning.     

论新课程对小学语文教师专业素养的新要求

小学语文教师的专业素养是一个动态发展的系统,随着教育目标和要求的变化调整而不断变化发展。新课程的不断推进和深入,对小学语文教师的专业素养结构提出了一些新要求:小学语文教师应具有新的现代教育理念;小学语文教师在知识结构上更加强调多层复合性;小学语文教师应更加注重提高文学素养;小学语文教师应努力提升学习能力、现代化教学技能和教育研究能力。     

Governing teachers’ work and learning through data: Australian insights

This article reveals the multiple ways in which data are constituted as a vehicle for governing teachers’ work and learning. Drawing on the concept of governance, including in relation to the sociology of numbers, and data from one school in Queensland, Australia, the research reveals how teachers’ work and learning were constituted through practices of: establishing specific ‘targets’, including various ‘audacious goals’ for school and national testing; focusing upon ‘aligning’ all forms of school, regional and national data collected within the school; and participating in various ‘data conversations’ about specific students with senior members of staff. While the research reveals how teachers found such practices beneficial for improving their practice with students, it also shows how this learning was always and everywhere framed within a broader discourse of data, and how this data-centric focus came to constitute what was valued about their work and learning, and that of their students.     

Modelling the effects of principal leadership and school capacity on teacher professional learning in Hong Kong primary schools

Over the past 30 years, school principals have been exhorted to articulate a clear vision as a key tool for stimulating the improvement of teaching and learning in their schools. Over the past decade, as school systems have sought to distribute leadership more broadly within schools, the same imperative has applied to middle-level leaders. Indeed, a key assumption underlying the move towards sharing leadership responsibilities more broadly has been the belief that this would strengthen collective efforts and reduce the gap between goals and outcomes. Yet, to date, there have relatively few investigations of the extent to which middle-level leaders are contributing to school improvement efforts. This study sought to understand how shared vision within school management teams (SMTs) impacts teacher commitment and teacher support for students through school alignment and coherence. Dyad survey data were collected from 411 SMT members and 559 teachers at 32 primary schools in Hong Kong. Results indicated that shared vision in SMTs is positively related to teachers' perception of school alignment and coherence, teachers' commitment and teacher support to students. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed.     

Development to learning: semantic shifts in professional autonomy and school leadership

In the digital age, technology is playing an important role in changing the nature of professionalism. Newer forms of professional learning stand in contrast to more traditional forms of professional development. The shifting paradigm has implications for school leaders in all contexts. This study sought to qualitatively examine how a sample of eight school leaders worked to support professional learning in their school communities and leverage tools in areas such as content aggregation, media creation, blogging and social media. In one-on-one and focus group interviews, participants discussed how technology is changing professional learning in their context and reflected on how their leadership has evolved in response to perceived challenges. Findings suggest that school leaders are aware of the importance of supporting professional learning through multiple device platforms, online networks and opportunities to play, and experiment with technology. Current issues identified include the need to shift from “buyer” to “driver” mindsets and to respond to the increasing role of popular thinkers whose ideas are amplified through online channels, such as social media.     

Changes in science classrooms after experiencing an international professional staff development program

This professional development program was designed to prepare science teachers to be more student-centered and to implement newer goals for science instruction. These goals are to improve science teaching in ways that promote broader and longer-lasting learning. Secondary school science teachers in Korea are expected to follow a rigid national curriculum with large classes - often with more than 50 students. This study focuses on feedback and follow-up interaction with teacher participants who were enrolled in a month-long workshop in the U.S. before returning to Korea to implement the new ideas. Assistance was offered to help teachers develop teaching modules which were more constructivist while also assisting with assessment efforts that provided further evidence of use of the new teaching practices and their effect on student learning. Student mastery of concepts and improvement in student creativity were two aspects of the summer workshop experiences and these were evaluated to illustrate workshop effects on teacher participants in their actual classrooms. An erratum to this article is available at .     

学校德育重建中的教师专业发展

学校教育经历了从单一轨迹到公民教育、从原则为本到关系为本、从个人意义的教育到职业化的教育的转变。在这个过程中,学校德育功能指向存在缺陷。在此种背景下,教师应明确专业发展的应有方向,具有较强的道德觉识和教育目标素养,并基于对学生个人意义的尊重,帮助学生构建价值观系统。