高等教育研究的立场与责任

在业余研究者日益被专业研究者取代的高等教育研究领域,高等教育研究要坚守学术立场和履行学术责任,使高等教育成为真正的学科;需要通过影响教育政策的走向和提升政策合理性以及为高校自身发展提供智力支持等方式来提升其公共服务的影响力;需要通过实施适切性教育来为学生提供最有价值的知识,从而更好地表达高等教育研究的立场与责任。     

建立高等教育弹性学习路径：基于跨国政策与实践的分析

当前世界范围内,高等教育系统的多样化、分散化和复杂化发展趋势带来高等教育阶段学习相互衔接及治理的难题。出于对包容、公平和优质的终身学习体系的追求,联合国教科文组织启动了关于建立高等教育弹性学习路径的跨国研究项目。文章基于联合国教科文组织的项目实践,分析相关国家高等教育系统建立弹性学习路径的政策与实践。在政策领域,各国政府普遍通过制定一套综合性的高等教育国家政策框架,配以国家资历框架、质量保证以及资助机制等支持性的高等教育治理政策工具,推动弹性学习路径的实施。在实践领域,各国高等教育机构发挥主动性,如通过提供多元化的入学途径、促进高等教育系统的衔接和创新高等教育提供模式来推进弹性学习路径的实施。在中国高等教育普及化深入发展的新的背景下,国际社会有关高等教育弹性学习路径的政策与实践为中国高等教育的改革与终身学习的推进提供了可资借鉴的经验。     

中国高等教育政策研究的知识图谱分析:1978～2017年北大核心CSSCI

改革开放40年来,我国高等教育政策研究领域已经进入蓬勃发展的新时期。研究者基于计量学基本理论,利用可视化研究软件Citespace对我国高等教育政策研究文献从发文量、核心作者与机构、研究主体、凸显性等方面进行分析。研究表明,我国高等教育政策研究领域的发文量趋势呈现出整体增长但有小幅度波动;已经出现了该领域影响力较高的核心研究者以及具有代表性的核心研究机构。研究者还厘清了高等教育政策研究领域的研究主题及不同主题内的具体研究问题;明晰了高等教育政策研究领域发展历程中的凸显性较高的关键问题。未来我国高等教育政策研究应更多地聚焦于民办高等教育、少数民族高等教育、"双一流"建设、高等教育国际化、绩效拨款与绩效评价等领域。     

“空间与图形”教学实践与研究

空间与图形领域与过去的几何初步知识比有了较大的改革,改革过去只重简单几何事实的传授和偏重于计算的格局,强调学生空间观念的培养和生成。近几年,学校课题组围绕这一领域进行了一些探索。在实践与研究的过程中,我们以理解和把握苏教版教材为依托,以案例研究为抓手,从这一领域的教学价值、学生的认知规律和教学的组织实施等几个维度进行思考,努力寻找理论与实践的中     

博洛尼亚进程中的法国高等教育改革研究

博洛尼亚进程对欧洲各国,特别是以法国为代表的高等教育体制高度集权的国家产生了重要的影响.法国在博洛尼亚进程框架内进行的高等教育改革对原有的高等教育体制产生了巨大冲击.法国通过进行高等教育体制结构调整、实行欧洲学分转换系统、建立专门的质量评估机构等措施增强了大学之间的合作,推动了学生的流动性,密切了高等教育领域与社会经济部门的联系.法国这次的高等教育改革增强了高等教育体制的开放性和流动性,提高了高等教育体制对社会发展的反应能力,促进了法国高等教育质量的提高.     

小学数学“实践与综合应用”领域教学现状调查

"实践与综合应用"领域是我国小学数学课程改革的特色之一,其目的是使学生认识数学的用途,探索数学内容之间的内在联系,综合应用所学知识和方法解决问题。通过对这一领域教学现状进行调查发现,对该领域教学的基础理念大部分教师都能很好是认识和理解,但对教材中这一领域内容的设置觉得一般;在教学中,广大教师基本上能将这一领域的基本要求贯穿教学始终,但在具体教学中也存在这一些困难,学校硬件设施的限制、课时限制和教学资源的储备成为影响实施的主要因素。     

先前学习评价：国际发展的经验与分析

先前学习评价是对成人非正式学习所获得的知识、技能或能力加以测评、认可并授予相关证明的一种评价方式。从美国、英国、加拿大、法国和澳大利亚的先前学习评价实践来看,先前学习评价为推动与实现终身学习提供了具体途径,对个体职业发展产生了重要影响,促进了高等教育机构办学的转变,促进了国际范围的人才流动。这些国际经验对我国开展先前学习评价的实践意义是：提供了质量保证措施,包括政策、实施机构、实施流程与范围、评价标准、实施团队和模式经验等。这都对我国学分银行建设、学习成果认证制度建立、非正式学习成果识别和学分转换等方面的政策制定者、研究者以及在操作性层面上予以实施的践行者等提供重要的参考。     

高等教育学专业核心知识研究领域的构建——以研究生必读书目为例

本文运用内容分析法,对303本高等教育学研究生必读书目进行调查统计,构建出一个由9个一级研究领域和44个二级研究领域组成的核心知识研究领域框架。研究显示,在一级研究领域中,"高等教育理论与思想"、"高等教育组织与管理"、"高等教育改革与发展"和"高等教育历史与现状"是主体,其他研究领域尤其是高等教育研究方法论受重视程度不够;从推荐频次看,认可度比较高的必读书目主要是外国作者的著作。这说明,目前我国高等教育研究还处于学习和借鉴阶段,有关高等教育学专业核心知识中本土化概念和原创性理论的建立还有待研究者进一步努力。     

生命科学专业课双语教学实施的现状调查与分析——以山西师范大学为例

双语教学是我国当前高等教育教学改革中的一个突破点,对这一领域的理论研究与实践探索正逐渐成为素质教育的又一个着陆点。本文对山西师范大学生命科学领域专业课双语教学实施的现状进行了调查,分析了山西师范大学生命科学领域专业课实施双语教学存在的问题,并提出了建设性的意见和建议。     

外语学习中的学习策略

本文主要论述了语言学习者在学习目的语时所使用的语言学习策略,并在这一领域研究者所做研究的基础上对语言学习策略下了定义并做了分类。旨在通过这些论述对语言教师的教学提供一些启示。     

Current State and Development Trends of Education Policy Research in China in the Last Decade (2004–2013): A Statistical Analysis of Papers from Eight Core Chinese Journals

Abstract

The author conducted sampling and statistical analysis of papers on education policy research collected by the China National Knowledge Infrastructure in the period from the years 2004–2013. Under the current state of education policy research in China, the number of papers correlates positively with the year; the papers are concentrated in education journals; the researchers are primarily associated with institutions of higher education; and the studies cover a broad range of topics, while emphasizing the practice of education policy. The development trends of education policy research in China include a general rising trend for research on education policy; in the future, researchers from institutions of higher education will continue to be a dominant force in education policy research, and the authors’ regional distribution will continue to be imbalanced; education policy research will focus more on educational equity and improved quality, and studies of foreign education policies will continue to be a topic of interest.     

Restructuring teachers’ work‐lives and knowledge in England and Spain

This article explores the restructuring of education in England and Spain. Against a presumably homogeneous global streamlining of educational systems according to competition‐driven goals, the comparison of teachers’ work‐lives and professional knowledge evidences a variety of experiences under‐represented in discourses on global restructuring. Our argument highlights how in England political reforms have worked their way deep into the working lives of professionals, giving rise to a ‘managerial’ model of professionalism, whereas in Spain reforms are more loosely coupled with teachers’ work, favoring a ‘social service’‐oriented model. However, despite the different professional ideals, teachers uniformly stressed the challenges they face were predominantly due to broader social transformations for which policy reforms provided few if any remedies. Our study emphasizes the variety of educational reforms and teachers’ experiences in the European context and argues further educational change should be bound to the historical trajectory and the concrete needs of the professionals in question.     

Teacher preparation in Ethiopia: a critical analysis of reforms

The purpose of this article is to provide a more comprehensive picture of teacher preparation in Ethiopia on top of a closer scrutiny of current teacher education reforms. In particular, it presents teacher education within the context of policy implementation over the last six decades by highlighting key reforms and how these reforms impacted the education system in general and the teaching profession in particular. In analysing why and how the policy reforms took place, the paper draws on Chin and Benne’s strategies of change management and the world system theories. Further, based on government statistics, official policy documents, and observations, the paper argues that the series of policy interventions were short of addressing the challenges of teacher preparation, including maintaining minimum quality standards, though the sector’s expansion has had favourable impact on educational access and bridging regional and gender disparities.     

Comparative higher education: potentials and limits

Research on higher education is an object-focussed area based on a broad range of disciplines. The institutional base is often shaky and diverse. Various characteristics, notably the blurred distinction between the scholar and the reflective practitioner, contribute to considerable tensions, though research on higher education enjoys substantial public attention.Interest in comparative research on higher education grew in recent years and was reinforced by the community of higher education researchers in Europe. As it can be conceptually and methodologically demanding and fruitful, the growing interest could serve as a stimulus for enhancing a common identity and a growing quality. However, few comparative research designs represent the ideal type of setting a research agenda of clearly defined hypotheses to be tested, and if they do so, the study mostly turns out to be too simplistic due to disregard of the complex context. Rather, most comparative projects are exploratory and most productive in providing unexpected insight.In addition, comparative research faces many problems of a practical nature. Costly research seems to be granted sufficient funds only if it addresses issues of current political concern. Language barriers and limits of field knowledge often lead to a poor provision of information. International collaborative research teams tend to be vulnerable due to, among others, a heterogeneity of schools of thoughts, spiralling costs and different work styles.The author argues that comparative studies on higher education are most fruitful in destroying conceptual reasoning based on narrow experience; they are a gold mine for the early stages of conceptual restructuring. They are indispensible for understanding a reality shaped by common international trends, reforms based on comparative observation, growing trans-national activities and partial supra-national integration in higher education. Comparative projects can be regarded as theoretically and methodologically most promising if they are based on a semi-structured research design, whereby the strengths of various conceptual approaches in explaining the phenomena are analysed and the researchers systematically deal with the fact that the project is likely to generate surprising information requiring to restructure the initial conceptual framework.     

Markets and the English: rethinking educational restructuring as institutional design

This paper analyses the concerns, parameters and silences emerging in the field of English research on contemporary educational restructuring. The research effort oriented to the investigation of Thatcherism and the marketisation of education is documented. Its strong emphasis on markets and processes of marketisation and its neglect of alternatives to Thatcherism is noted. This pattern of emphases and silences in research seems to have arisen as a result of changes in the research‐policy context, and because of the way Thatcherism has been conceptualised in educational research. I argue that these developments have encouraged a narrowing of both research and political horizons in education. I suggest that a more comprehensive framework for analysing educational restructuring can be developed by recontextualising Thatcherism and drawing on recent social science research on institutional design. Such a framework would appear to offer a basis for tackling the empirical and normative work of assessing probable futures and the possibilities of preferred futures in the practical work of education reform.     

Changing tactics: Embedding inclusion reforms within general education restructuring efforts

After years of research and efforts in pursuit of a greater understanding of inclusion, there is now growing certainty that inclusive reforms in special education must be pursued in terms of restructuring and improvement in general education. In this chapter three issues are raised and addressed. They are: (1) how does special education become an integral part of public schooling? (2) how will higher education, various research organizations, educational labs, institutes, and other research organizations in both general and special education need to change? (3) how should families, individual community members, community agencies, and business participate in large-scale school change?     

Chinese education policy in the context of decentralization and marketization: evolution and implications

Education policy has been undergoing great transformation in China since the initiation of economic reforms and the open-door policy in the late 1970s. These market-oriented reforms and the pursuit of rapid economic growth in a globalized economy have significantly impacted China’s education policy and development. In line with the development of the market-oriented economy and its increasing integration with the global market, a more pragmatic perception of education has gradually taken shape in the post-Mao era, resulting in the decentralization and marketization of education in China. This article aims to examine the development of Chinese education policy in the context of decentralization and marketization since the start of the economic reforms. It will firstly make a brief contrast between the education policies before and after the economic reforms. Then, the decentralization and marketization in the field of education since the initiation of the economic reforms will be examined. What follows is an assessment of the impacts that marketization and decentralization had on education policy. This paper argues that the weakening role of the state in education provision and the disparity between rural and urban areas are key issues facing China’s education policy following the economic reforms and the open-door policy. It concludes by suggesting that equal and balanced development in education in China entails bringing the state back into the education sector.     

A Different View of the Bologna Process: the case of Turkey

Since the beginning of the 20^th century, integration with the Western world has been a determining driver of higher education policies, as well as many other policy areas in Turkey. Becoming a signatory country of the Bologna Process in 2001 brought a new impulse to the higher education policies in this direction. The Bologna Process reforms introduced necessary changes and set new challenges. This article discusses the main implementation activities in the context of the Bologna Process in Turkey and the governance of the reform at the national level with a focus on the roles of the key national bodies.     

改革开放40年农村职业教育研究的文献计量和可视化分析

农村职业教育是职业教育的重要组成部分,同时也是推动乡村振兴战略实现的重要步骤,其经济地位与社会地位要求研究者持续关注该领域的发展动态与研究趋势。因此,运用文献计量学和可视化分析的方法,对农村职业教育研究成果的发文量、作者、研究机构、突现率、引用频次等进行系统分析,并绘制知识图谱,能够有效揭示相关主题的内涵、相关性和发展脉络。梳理后发现农村职业教育研究现状中存在以下问题:研究力量不均、合作研究较少、研究领域交叉性不强、创新研究较少等,并提出在研究中需要有意识地打破学缘限制、注重领域间相互关系等方法来产出更高质量的创新性成果,这为今后我国农村职业教育的研究与改革提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

Restructuring Educational Leadership in Changing Contexts: A Local/Global Account of Restructuring in Australia

The 1990s saw considerable structural reform in school education in many Anglophone nation states, marked by trends towards school-based, site-based, self-managing and self-governing schools. This article illustrates through a case study of educational restructuring in Victoria, Australia, how leadership, as a discursive practice, is redefined in the context of spatial and cultural restructuring. Restructuring produced a spatial redistribution of educational provision and individual opportunities as a result of structural adjustment reforms. These same policy moves towards post-welfarism also produced cultural shifts in attitudes to education with the rise of the new instrumentalism and entrepeneurialism. For school principals at the forefront of self managing schools, this meant shifts in resource distribution through new policy mechanisms of managerial and market accountability, and also new priorities impacting on leadership practices with a move from dialogic to decisional modes of management. The question is how recent policy moves towards learning networks and reinventing systematic support with a focus on locational disadvantage are addressing what were increased educational disparities between schools and students. Does this provide scope for more equity-driven leadership practices?