体育活动对高校学生心理素质的影响

通过考察体育活动对大学生的心理适应能力、自信心和人际交往能力的作用,研究社会活动对大学生心理素质发展的影响。将大学生参加体育活动的时间和频率对心理素质发展的影响,以及大学生体育活动参加者的年龄对心理因素发展的影响作为研究内容。研究采用大学生心理适应能力、人际关系综合能力、自信心3份问卷对60名大学生进行调查。研究结果表明:不同的体育活动项目对大学生心理素质的影响不同,形体健身操类项目对大学生自信心的影响最大;大学生每次参与体育活动的时间长于1h能有效改善大学生的心理适应能力;参与体育活动的大学生随着年龄的增大,他们的心理适应能力和人际关系均得以不断地改善和提高。     

洛阳理工学院大学生课外体育活动的调查与分析

采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对洛阳理工学院大学生课外体育活动现状进行研究。结果表明：学生对参与课外体育活动的认识态度是积极的;大学生参与课外体育活动的动机、项目、频率、时间、地点和形式以及影响因素等呈多样性;男、女大学生在参与课外体育活动的诸多方面存在一定程度的差异性。建议学校从教育和引导、体育场地器材建设、体育社团组织管理、课外体育活动组织、指导和教学时间段安排等方面入手,切实做好大学生课外体育活动工作。     

云南省大学生课余锻炼的现状分析

运用问卷调查、数理统计等方法，对云南省大学生课余时间参加体育活动情况进行了调查。结果表明：影响云南省大学生参加课余体育活动的主要因素有：运动场所不足、运动器材短缺和运动兴趣不足。同时提出云南省高校应加强对课余体育活动的组织和管理，加大对体育场所及器材的投入，为进一步调动学生参与运动的兴趣打下良好的基础。     

大学生休闲体育活动与生活质量的关系

采用休闲体育活动问卷和WHO生活质量简表对芜湖高校园区的4所大学院校的498名学生进行调查。运用t检验、X2检验、方差分析和相关分析对调查数据进行分析,结果显示：大学生参与休闲体育活动的时间较少;不同性别的大学生参与休闲体育活动时间、频率存在差异性;经常参加体育活动有助于提高大学生的生活质量,休闲体育因素与生活质量之间呈正相关关系。     

大学生心理素质在体育活动中表现的特征

基于目前国内体育活动与心理素质教育结合的思想,采用多元方差和回归设计,对300名在校大学生进行了包括心理适应能力、人际关系综合能力、自信心3份问卷和体育活动参与情况的调查。结果表明:经常参加艺术体育类活动的大学生在自信心方面表现出了相对较高的水平;经常参加体育活动的大学生比不经常参加体育活动的大学生在心理素质方面表现出了较高的水平;每周参加2次及以上体育活动的大学生比只参加1次的大学生在人际关系方面表现出了较高的水平。每周参加3次或以上体育活动的大学生在心理适应方面表现出了较高的水平;每次参加体育活动的时间与大学生的自信心存在高相关,预测模式显示每次参加体育活动时间越长的大学生,自信心表现越强。     

大学生参与课外体育活动现状调查与分析

采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计和逻辑推理等方法,对皖西学院大学生课外体育活动现状进行研究。结果表明:大学生对参与课外体育活动的认识态度和参与比例不够理想;大学生参与课外体育活动的动机、项目、频率、时间、地点和形式以及影响因素等呈多样性;男、女大学生在参与课外体育活动的诸多方面存在一定程度的差异性。建议学校从教育和引导、体育场地器材建设、体育社团组织管理、课外体育活动组织、指导和教学时间段安排等方面入手,切实做好大学生课外体育活动工作。     

四川地区高校大学生参与体育俱乐部活动的现状研究

通过对四川地区高校大学生参与体育俱乐部活动现状的调查,分析了高校大学生参与体育俱乐部的基本情况、动机、时间安排以及他们对开展体育俱乐部的态度等。目的在于为进一步促进高校体育俱乐部的发展提供参考。     

上海市大学生课外体育锻炼满意度现状及影响因素研究

本文采用问卷调查法,对上海市6个高校的1440名大学生的课外体育锻炼满意度和影响因素进行调查。研究发现,大部分学生对课外体育锻炼效果存在或高或低的不满意。课余时间不够、场地器材不足、天气不适宜锻炼、对体育活动没兴趣、没有人陪伴、其他活动花费时间太多等因素都对上海市大学生课外体育锻炼参与情况造成了影响。目前上海市高校体育场地设施、场地面积不足等因素严重制约了在校学生课外体育锻炼参与度。而课外体育锻炼专业知识的不足也从一定程度制约了在校学生课外体育锻炼参与情况及满意度。     

手机成瘾对大学生体育参与及休闲、生活满意度的影响

研究旨在鼓励大学生以大众体育活动形式参与到体育运动中,减少智能手机成瘾的情况,提高大学生的休闲满意度和生活满意度,分析大学生智能手机成瘾对大众体育参与度、参与频率、休闲满意度及生活满意度产生的影响。研究以使用智能手机的600名在校大学生为研究对象进行问卷调查,通过SPSS和协方差结构模型软件进行统计分析。得出结论：大学生智能手机成瘾会对大众体育的参与意图和参与频率产生消极影响;大学生智能手机成瘾现象对休闲满意度和生活满意度均产生消极影响;大学生大众体育的参与程度、参与频率对休闲满意度产生正向的积极影响,休闲满意度对生活满意度产生正向的积极影响。研究结果表明,大学生使用智能手机成瘾对参与大众体育起到制约作用,对休闲满意度和生活满意度产生消极影响,而大学生参与大众体育运动则是能够提高和满足休闲满意度和生活满意度的正向性业余活动。因此,研究结果将有助于预防大学生智能手机成瘾现象,通过积极参与大众体育运动来增强大学生身体健康和幸福指数,进而为大众体育的活性化及促进终生体育做出贡献。     

青少年体育活动中的目标定向和自我决定理论: 年龄和性别的差异

以英格兰824名初中生为调查对象,主要考察了在目标定向、行为调节、能力知觉和体育活动参与情况上的年龄和性别差异,并且采用动机变量预测校外体育活动参与情况.研究结果呈现出明显的性别差异,男生有较高的自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉.与此一致的结果是男生比女生更喜爱体育活动.对男生来说,自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉是参加体育活动的正相关预测指标,而任务定向和无动机与体育活动参与没有关系.对女生来说,任务定向和能力知觉能够积极预测体育活动参与情况,而自我定向和无动机与体育活动的参与有负相关关系.     

浙江省青少年不同体育活动状况对心理健康因子影响的调查研究

应用《身心症状自评量表(SCL-90)》及自编《参与体育活动状况调查表》,在浙江省10个地区随机抽取2 000名青少年进行问卷调查,并对他们参与体育活动状况与心理健康10因子的情况加以分析,结果表明:浙江省青少年SCL-90因子分均略高于国内常模;青少年参加体育活动的意愿、参与次数、参加活动项目及形式对SCL-90量表中的因子有不同程度影响。     

The effect of adolescents' sports clubs participation on self-reported mental and physical conditions and future expectations

Abstract

Sports clubs create conditions for people of all ages to pursue a healthy lifestyle through exercise in sports and attend to constructive pedagogical work which creates much value for society. This study investigates the relationship between adolescents' sports clubs participation and self-reported mental and physical conditions and future expectations. The participants were 10,987 pupils in the final three years of their compulsory education in Iceland (aged 14–16 years). The participants completed questionnaires administered to students in the classroom relating to health and behaviour. The results indicate that participation in sports clubs influences adolescents positively; adolescents who work hard at sport not only believe they are in better mental and physical condition, they also believe they can succeed in other areas such as their studies. Sports clubs promote positive influence on adolescents' mental and physical conditions and their future expectations toward work and happiness. It can be concluded that participation in organised sports clubs affects the participants in a positive way.     

Perceptions of Physical Activity in a Group of Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Participation in regular physical activity is routinely recommended for adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), however, past research suggests that many patients are not regularly physically active. There may be a variety of reasons for this inconsistent participation. In this study, we used qualitative methods to explore attitudes toward physical activity with a focus on identifying facilitators and barriers in a small group of adolescents with CF.Methods: Ten participants with CF aged 13-17 volunteered for this study. Two, open-ended semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Participants were questioned about their current and past physical activity participation, their feelings about physical activity, and factors that made them want to be physically active or not. Participants were also questioned about their perceptions of physical activity for themselves and other adolescents with CF. Initial interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded into categories. During a follow-up interview, 3 to 4 weeks later, participants were reminded of their initial responses and allowed to elaborate or clarify their initial responses. All responses were categorized and became major themes describing facilitators and barriers to exercise.Results: All participants articulated understanding the importance of participating in physical activity for health benefits. Factors that served as facilitators to participation in physical activity included improving general or lung-specific health, as well as mental health. Barriers included general discomfort, increased lung symptoms, and disinterest.Conclusions: A group of adolescents with CF perceived positive general and lung health effects of physical activity, but also perceived barriers to participating in regular physical activity. Further work is needed to determine ways to accentuate facilitators and decrease barriers to promote regular physical activity in adolescents with CF.     

African American preschool children's physical activity levels in Head Start

The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels of urban inner city preschoolers while attending Head Start, the federally funded preschool program for children from low-income families. Participants were 158 African American children. Their physical activity during Head Start days was measured using programmed RT-3 accelerometers. Results revealed that the children spent the most time in sedentary and light physical activity, while their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities was low. Given the sedentary class format and limited physical space for the Head Start programs observed, we suggest adding a structured physical activity component to Head Start schools to fight the overweight and obesity crisis.     

运动健身干预方案促进中、小学生身心素质提升的实验研究

针对我国中、小学大课间体育活动存在锻炼强度不高、锻炼密度不足、活动内容不合理等问题,依据中、小学体育特色学校大课间活动组合的功能及作用,建立了6套运动健身干预方案,研究各套运动健身方案与提高学生参加大课间体育活动的积极性和功效之间的关系。以吉林省体育特色校1 200名中、小学生为实验对象,进行10周的运动健身干预方案教学实验。结果表明,6套干预方案对中、小学生身体素质和心理素质均有较明显的促进作用。结论:只有提高大课间体育活动的强度和频率,增强活动内容的趣味性,对大课间体育活动进行科学、合理的组合,才能使中、小学生的身心素质得到全面的发展与提高。     

体育锻炼对农村中学生心理危机的干预与调节研究

采用文献法及访谈法等对农村中学生心理危机的来源与特点,体育锻炼与他们心理健康的关系进行了深入分析。结果表明,在生理与心理上都具有一些特殊性的农村中学生心理问题表现得尤为突出。根据研究结果,探讨出有针对性的体育锻炼对他们心理危机的干预与调节有显著性作用,并提出有效干预与调节措施。     

残疾人参与全民健身的影响因素及价值

残疾人经济上的贫困和心理上的脆弱,已被普遍认为是这一群体的最基本的特征.由此,也造成了残疾人在全民健身活动中的不利地位.目前社会卫生保障体系和现有的健身设施也不能很好的满足残疾人的健身需求.与健全人相比,残疾人更需要积极参与到全民健身中来,可以促进残疾人躯体康复,与社会共融,并且更有利于社会稳定和发展.     

Influences of volitional and forced intentions on physical activity and effort within the theory of planned behaviour

In the present study, we examined the utility of volitional and forced intentions in predicting participation in physical activities and effort within the theory of planned behaviour. Four hundred and forty-four participants (184 males, 260 females) aged 19.1 +/- 3.3 years (mean +/- s) completed self-report measures of intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, volitional intentions, forced intentions, and past behaviour in a physical activity context. Six weeks later, they completed self-report measures of physical activity behaviour and effort. Results indicated that volitional intentions and forced intentions contributed to the prediction of effort over and above intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceptions of control, past behaviour, and the product terms of attitudesxintentions and subjective normsxintentions. Volitional intentions and forced intentions did not predict participation in physical activities over and above effort. We concluded that volitional intentions and forced intentions assist in the explanation of effort in the context of physical activity behaviour.     

Influence of birth quarter on the rate of physical activities and sports participation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential influence of birth quarter on the frequency of physical activity and participation in specific activities during adulthood. We used data from one national and one provincial survey, the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey and the 1998 Quebec Social and Health Survey (Enquête sociale et de santé du Québec) respectively. We analysed the distribution of participants at each level of practice of a given leisure activity and work-related physical activity. In the Canadian Community Health Survey, a relative age effect was found for participation in soccer in the 25- to 60-year-old population. However, for volleyball, a significant relative age effect was also observed but with over-representation of the last quarters of the year for the whole population and for men aged 12–60 years. In the Quebec Social and Health Survey, significant differences in the frequency of distribution without a relative age effect were revealed for participation in women's ice hockey, work-related physical activity level, and stage of change for physical activity. Overall, the data indicate that the systematic relative age effect reported in other studies for some competitive sports, such as ice hockey and soccer, is not as prevalent in leisure physical activities during adulthood. This may reflect lower competitive selection and attrition in population physical activity compared with competitive sports in younger athletes.     

A paradox of sport management and physical activity interventions

Managers of sports programs, facilities, and organizations can have a role in promoting health through physical activity participation. From the perspective of a leisure scientist who has examined various dimensions of leisure-time physical activity, this paper aims to appraise the status of how sports as potential physical activity interventions have been examined, particularly in the sport management literature. Although the purpose of many sport management organizations is to encourage spectatorship, sports have always offered significant opportunities for children and adults to be more physically active. Sports are a motivator for physical activity because they are enjoyable to participants. Therefore, research done by academics in sports management could reflect more about how mass participation recreational sports can serve as interventions to promote healthy physical activity behavior for individuals and within communities.