2008年北京奥运会对中国篮球运动发展的影响

申办2008年北京奥运会的成功,对我国篮球运动的发展提供了机遇。在备战奥运期间,中国篮球运动将在党中央的正确领导下,加强篮球运动管理机制、制度的改革,加大竞技篮球后备人才的培养力度,加强篮球运动的国际交流与合作,提高中国竞技篮球运动水平;加强奥运会体育场馆、设备的建设和新闻媒体的宣传,为篮球运动的训练与健身提供了物质基础,培育群众篮球市场,扩大了篮球运动的群众基础;学校加大篮球科研与篮球人才的培养力度,促进学校篮球运动的发展。     

试论学校在发展我国青少年篮球运动中的重要作用

青少年的篮球活动是我国篮球运动发展的根基,而学校又是青少年活动最集中的场所。只有青少年篮球活动的普及和技术水平的提高,才能使我国篮球运动迈向新的台阶。发展篮球运动,应从娃娃抓起,应做好学校教育引导工作。以普及为基础,采取多种形式和方法,抓好青少年的篮球技术训练,为青少年篮球技术水平的发展提供平台。     

构建我国青少年篮球运动发展的新框架

我国篮球运动水平现在正处于不稳定不平衡发展时期,特别是中、小学业余篮球训练与比赛不系统、不规范。纵观我国青少年篮球运动现状,虽然部分学校有篮球运动队的训练,但篮球运动水平高的少,膏少年篮球后备人才缺乏。急需健全和完善青少年业余篮球训练制度与管理办法,并将作曲解决问题的措施。这里就构建我国青少年篮球运动发展的新框架,提出一些我们不成熟的见解和看法,已供各位专家、同仁参考。     

篮球采用适宜器材好

开展中小学篮球运动，对篮球运动在我国的发展及专业运动队的整体水平都有着至关重要的影响。如何进一步开展中小学篮球运动，一方面要靠政府、学校在政策上的支持，体育工作者在技术上的帮助指导，同时，使用适宜的器材也具有不可忽视的作用。我们注意到，我国各中小学及...     

美国学校篮球运动杂谈

现代篮球运动起源于美国学校。在美国人的心目中,篮球主要是在学校广泛开展的项目。九十多年来,美国篮坛始终人才济济,杰出球星不断涌现,其根本原因就在于学校篮球搞得有声有色,形成了活水源头。因此深入探讨美国学校篮球运动的情况,以资借鉴参考,对于推动我国篮球事业的发展会有启迪和教益。一、大面积高水平的普及与提高     

对我国青少年篮球运动员培养的探讨

我国篮球运动自推行职业化以来,广大青少年参与篮球训练的人数逐渐增多,各类青少年篮球俱乐部、培训中心、篮球学校迅速遍及全国。青少年对篮球运动的热爱进一步推动了我国篮球运动水平的提高,然而我国篮球运动的现实与篮球发达国家相比仍有很大的差距,其中我国青少年篮球运动员培养落后是很重要的一个方面。     

建平县第二高级中学篮球运动开展现状研究

本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法对建平县第二高级中学篮球运动的开展现状进行研究。结果表明:学生对篮球运动的了解以及兴趣状况都较好,但是学校领导却不予重视、学校体育教师结构不合理、场地器材不足等诸多原因影响了篮球运动在该校的发展。笔者对建平县第二高级中学篮球运动的开展提出一些建议。     

NBA的摇篮美国学校体育中的篮球运动──访新华社体育部记者徐济成

徐济成──新华社体育都记者，还长期担任中央电视刍NBA赛场转播顾问。早年曾先后在沙市体校、北京部队队和山东大学校队从事篮球训练，在新华社工作后曾多次赴美对“NBA”和美国学校体育中的篮球发展情况进行采访报道。近期笔者专程来访了他，请他谈谈目前美国学校体育中的篮球运动，以期从中能为发展我国的学校篮球运动提供一些借鉴。问：请您先介绍一下NBA的情况？徐：好的，NBA是美国职业篮球协会（NationalBasketballAssociation）的简称。篮球运动发展至、已有100来年的历史，水平最高的当数美国。如今，以NBA的职业选手组成…     

篮球文化在中等职业学校构建的探究

篮球运动自进入我国中等职业校围就深受学生追捧,篮球文化在我国中职教育中有着特殊的含义。本文通过深层次的剖析篮球文化,借助文献资料法和逻辑分析珐,介绍了我国中等职业学校的篮球文化发展现状,解析了在中等职业学校的篮球文化的内涵,分析了教学中存在不足的地方,提出了影响篮球文化发展的基本因素,并为我国中职学校的篮球文化传播提出建议。     

河南农村篮球运动发展现状的调查研究

通过对河南农村篮球运动发展现状的调查研究，分析了河南农村篮球运动的发展现状和存在的主要问题，并提出了农村篮球运动的发展对策，旨在为我国社会主义新农村的篮球运动发展提供一些参考。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Capoeira for beginners: self-benefit for,and community action by,new Capoeiristas

Capoeira could be defined as a Brazilian martial art and game to be played. This research explored how capoeira play might be considered to facilitate connectedness amongst newly-recruited persons, plus any other ramifications of capoeira involvement. A beginners’ course of capoeira was provided to participants, free of charge, in an English city in the West Midlands—new capoeiristas in a new venue for capoeira. Researchers attended classes to collect/construct overt non-participant observation data. In addition, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the new capoeiristas post-course. This article explores researchers’ observation fieldnotes and interviewees’ narratives. These qualitative data-driven debates include the concepts: self, identity, escapism, multiparty endeavour, community, temporality, enjoyment, and transcending boundaries. Capoeira is theorised in a fresh manner that highlights social benefits of capoeira—for example as an enjoyable and supportive group endeavour which includes elements of social play and community-building—plus benefits for self that can transcend the boundaries of the class. Findings highlight how capoeira can be considered an inherently multiparty endeavour whereby social actors form, and experience, a community in order to embrace capoeira play. Data suggest capoeira can facilitate group playfulness, joviality, and laughter. Further, capoeiristas can enact and experience—some mode of—escapism via capoeira, whereby new place and pursuit can facilitate hedonistic diversion from the mundane. Capoeira appears to provide adventure and liberation into a relatively unburdened part of, or place in, social life. Corporeal and discursive boundary-empowerment can also be experienced by capoeiristas, fostering positive identity work in the wider world. Capoeira can be argued to facilitate mutuality (e.g. community experience and group work) and egoism (e.g. an individual's identity work) concurrently. This research suggests that modified capoeira for beginners can be beneficial for both the new capoeiristas themselves and for positive community action during and beyond class.     

江苏省高校体育教学现状及对策研究

对江苏省8所高校在校大学生的问卷调查和有关专家、体育教师的访谈发现,江苏省高校体育教学通过多年的改革创新有所提高,但仍然存在一些需要不断改进的方面。大胆改革不受欢迎的课程,普及广受学生喜爱的课程,进一步改进和完善教学形式,改进考核评价方法,是推动高校体育教学、提高大学生体质、培养学生终身体育观的重要途径。     

论初级裁判员临场执法错漏判问题

现代足球比赛是快速、富于竞争、充满激情的竞赛,为了取胜夺标,比赛双方在身体、技术、作风、心理、战术思想的对抗越演越激烈,对抗性已成为现代足球运动发展趋势。同时,对足球裁判员的要求也越来越高,足球裁判员在比赛中判罚的准确性对比赛的顺利进行至关重要。足球裁判员是足球场上的组织者和法官。裁判员的水平直接影响着足球比赛的质量,对犯规准确性的判罚是衡量裁判员水平的标准。本文采用调查访问及问卷调查法,对初级裁判员临场执法的错漏判因素进行探讨。结果发现存在理论与实际判罚脱离、判罚降格处理、红黄牌亮出等等问题。找出不利裁判员准确判罚的因素加以研究,对提高足球裁判员水平有着重要的促进作用。     

Creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities

The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance.     

江苏省农村中学体育与健康校本课程开发现状及策略研究

随着我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的启动,校本课程开发也日益成为人们关注的热点。体育与健康课程是基础教育的一个重要组成部分,因此体育与健康校本课程开发成了课程改革的热点之一。但是,对于我国而言,有关体育与健康校本课程开发的研究还主要集中在城市重点中学,对农村中学的研究尚处于起步探索阶段。然而校本课程是农村中学课程建设的重要环节之一,它是体现农村学校办学特色,与农村经济和社会发展相适应,促进农村学生个性发展和提高农村教师专业素质的重要举措。     

试析2009—2012年排球规则新动向

体育运动的发展离不开规则的不断完善,排球运动亦是如此。探析规则变化后对排球运动的影响是一个很有价值的课题。文章从2009年～2012年排球新规则的几点变化中与2005～2008年的规则进行了对比分析,归纳总结出其中的一些规则修改的发展方向,总结出对于排球运动的几方面的影响。为我国高水平运动队能更好的理解、贯彻和适应新规则修改变化提供相应的理论依据。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.