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1.
目的 从幼儿动作技能发展理论视角出发,采用幼儿运动技能钻石课程设计方案,对幼儿园大中班115名幼儿动作技能表现变化予以干预.方法 通过实验教学法、观察测试法及数理统计法等研究方法对测试数据及变化表征等展开定量定性分析.结果 1)实验组经过动作技能学习课程介入,其动作技能表现、移动性动作技能、非操作型动作技能、操作型动作...  相似文献   

2.
分析国外基本动作技能干预的相关理论,梳理理论的发展历程与应用于基本动作技能干预的情况,并将不同干预研究进行比较。结果表明,动态系统理论因其涉及因素较全面在干预中应用的最为广泛;基于成就目标理论和社会生态学模型的干预效果普遍较好;目标设定理论和能力动机理论侧重个体因素的考量,对外界环境的影响较为忽视,因而较少应用于系统干预研究;虽然各理论间存在一定的联系,但目前多个理论指导干预的研究较少;SKIP、CHAMP和SCORES系统干预研究较多且存在相似性。干预人群主要集中于家庭经济情况较弱、动作发展滞后的儿童,干预内容多为物体控制技能,干预时间为5周~12个月不等,部分干预存在生态学效度较低的问题。建议我国基本动作技能干预研究,扎根于理论的研究并提高对技能练习方法的探究。针对不同年龄、不同特点的儿童,制定适合目标人群基本动作技能发展的干预方案,使已具有较好干预效果的方案更富推广性,提高我国儿童基本动作技能水平。  相似文献   

3.
目的 以Meta分析方法检验儿童粗大动作发展运动干预效果,以提出更佳的运动方案.方法 对纳入的10篇文献进行Meta分析及方法学检验.结果 1)运动干预对儿童移动动作(MD=3.57,p<0.001)与物体控制动作(MD=4.13,p<0.001)影响的效应量均具有统计学意义.2)与运动干预促进移动动作发展的整体效应结...  相似文献   

4.
目的旨在研究学龄儿童基本动作技能测试工具AST在国内使用的理论基础与可行性,通过测试技术操作和数据分析实证该测量工具的可信度、有效性与经济性。方法通过实验测试、数理统计等方法验证AST和KTK测量工具的信效度,通过转换后的大肌肉动作协调能力商数(KTKMQ)校标基本动作技能AST测试的同时效度和区别效度。结果受试儿童年龄为7~12岁,平均在(44±11) s的时间完成了AST-1全程测试,在(45±12) s的时间完成了AST-2全程测试;AST-1测试成绩与KTKMQ的相关系数r=0.474(P<0.01),而AST-2测试成绩与KTKMQ呈现中度相关系数r=0.502(P<0.01);除7岁年龄组的AST-2测试与KTKMQ相关性较低外,其他年龄组的相关性均较高(r=0.469和r=0.767)。结论小学学段的体育教学环境中AST测试工具可以快速、便捷、有效的评估儿童的基本动作技能;运动技能轨道AST测量工具在本次研究中表现出较强的测试适宜性,具有重测信度;各年龄组测量结果的区分度和测试项目的鉴别力验证了测量工具的同时效度和区别效度。  相似文献   

5.
李博  刘阳 《体育科学》2022,(4):31-42
目的:儿童基本动作技能(fundamental motor skill,FMS)测量是体育素养评价的重要组成部分,是评估、诊断、监控个体动作发展的重要指标。依据经典测量理论和动作发展理论,结合我国的语言和文化背景,研发基于体育素养评价的我国儿童基本动作技能测试体系,该体系具有简洁高效、操作性强等特点,适用于测量我国儿童的群体情况。方法:应用德尔菲法建构3~5岁和6~9岁2套儿童基本动作技能测试体系;应用测试法对651名中国上海儿童进行测量体系的可行性、信度和效度进行验证。结果:3~5岁阶段分测试项包括:10 m往返跑、双脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、单手塞硬币、走平衡木、单脚站立;6~9岁阶段分测试项包括:侧向滑步跑、单脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、原地换手拍球、走平衡木、倒退走直线。可行性验证中各年龄儿童的测试成绩随年龄增加而提升(P<0.05)。重测信度系数分布为0.66~0.94;内部一致性信度系数分别为0.66和0.62。结构效度中验证性因子分析的结果表明2个年龄段的模型均适配良好;同时效度显示不同年龄的分测试项有95.24%的指标与美国粗大动作发展测试(TGMD-3)存在显著相关关...  相似文献   

6.
为改善3-6岁学龄前儿童体质弱势群体的体质健康状况,本文以《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》为依据,综合运用文献资料法、体质测量法、实验法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,进行了为期3个月的运动干预试验研究,以期验证实验假设:周期性、规律性的运动干预可以提高3-6岁学龄前儿童体质弱势群体的体质健康状况.结论表明,周...  相似文献   

7.
目的:研究旨在回顾学龄前儿童基础运动技能(Fundamental motr skill, FMS)与体能之间相关性的科学证据。方法:系统综述,从2022年2月至2022年4月对检索平台Pubmed、Web of science、万方、知网和Scopus进行系统搜查。纳入2012年3月至2022年3月发表的研究,这些研究检查了学龄前儿童中FMS与体能组成部分(身体成分、肌肉骨骼健康、心肺适能和柔韧性)之间的关系。使用CONSORT和STROBE指南检查研究中的偏倚风险。分析了研究中的起源、设计、样本、测量FMS、测量体能、主要结果和统计数据。结果:24项研究符合所有标准;5项研究被评估为低偏倚风险,19项研究被归类为中偏倚风险。目前的科学证据无法确定身体成分与FMS之间的正负关系(19项中8项呈负相关);FMS与肌肉骨骼健康呈正相关(7项中的7项呈正相关);FMS与心肺适能(3项中3项呈正相关)、FMS与柔韧性(2项中2项呈正相关)由于研究数量的不足,两者关系依然不能确定。结论:学龄前儿童FMS与体能多方面的关联是不确定的,目前学界对肌肉骨骼能力与技能存在着正相关关系有着一致的认识,但柔...  相似文献   

8.
目的:从社会学视角探讨家庭因素与学龄前儿童粗大动作发展之间的关系.方法:选用Test of Gross Motor Development-2量表对175名学龄前儿童进行粗大动作评估,并对测试儿童家长进行相关调查.结果:不同年龄学龄前儿童的粗大动作发展有显著差异(P<0.05),不同性别学龄前儿童粗大动作发展差异无统计...  相似文献   

9.
目的:初步探索农村地区学前儿童基本动作发展情况,以Newell的约束模型(constraints model)为理论基础,为学前儿童设计发展适宜性的身体活动,并检验为期8周的体育教学活动对幼儿基本动作发展的影响。方法:以山东省潍坊市某农村幼儿园学前儿童(n=109)为研究对象,以班为单位随机分配到实验组(n=54)和对照组(n=55)。实验组儿童参与为期8周的动作技能发展课程,对照组儿童参与幼儿园正常的教学活动。课程开始前和结束后一周内,采用TGMD-2对受试儿童进行测试。结果:1)研究中农村儿童的移动技能和物体控制技能的基线均显著低于TGMD-2的常模。2)经8周基本动作教学,实验组的后测GMQ显著高于对照组(P<0.001),对照组的GMQ在实验前后没有显著差异(P=0.087)。3)性别对教学干预无显著影响(P=0.703);实验组的后测移动技能和物体控制技能得分均显著高于对照组的后测成绩(P<0.001)。结论:研究中农村幼儿的基本动作发展相对滞后,物体控制技能发展水平低下是主要来源;为期8周的基本动作教学活动能够有效地促进农村学前儿童基本动作技能的发展。  相似文献   

10.
识别基本运动技能(FMS)影响因素,对提高儿童FMS干预效果具有重要意义.本文运用文献资料法与比较分析法,梳理并分析了不同社会性环境因素对儿童FMS发展的影响.结果表明:父母对儿童FMS的重视程度、体育教师教学能力、班额、居住环境等因素与儿童FMS发展密切相关,且不同动作技能影响因素存有差异.建议:我国应加强家庭——学...  相似文献   

11.
    
The aims of this study were to determine proficiency levels of fundamental movement skills using cluster analysis in a cohort of U.K. primary school children; and to further examine the relationships between fundamental movement skills proficiency and other key aspects of health-related physical activity behavior. Participants were 553 primary children between 9- and 12-years old, 294 boys and 259 girls, who were assessed across eight different fundamental movement skills. Physical activity behaviors included markers of physical fitness, recall of physical activity behavior, and physical self-concept. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify groups based on fundamental movement skills proficiencies and discriminant analysis to predict fundamental movement skills proficiency based upon the physical activity variables. This interpretation of fundamental movement skills performance revealed distinct groups of fundamental movement skills proficiency in both genders with several gender-specific components of physical activity shown to discriminate children with differing levels of fundamental movement skills proficiency (p < .05, r > .40).  相似文献   

12.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an 8-week gymnastics curriculum on children’s movement competence and their physical self-concept. There were 113 children (46% girls, 49% intervention) with a mean age of 9.4 years (SD = 1.8) that participated. Intervention children underwent 8 weeks of gymnastics and the comparison group continued with their standard curriculum. Age was a significant co-variate, a separate analysis was conducted on the lower (grades 2 and 4) and upper (grade 6) groups. The lower age group showed significant improvement in favor of the gymnastic group in fundamental movement skills. The upper age group showed a significant improvement for the control group in general body coordination and fundamental movement skills. For all grades, the physical self-concept showed a significant main effect in favor of the gymnastics group. The gymnastics intervention was found to be of particular benefit for developing children’s movement competence and physical self-concept in younger children.  相似文献   

13.
    
Different countries have different methods for assessing movement competence in children; however, it is unclear whether the test batteries that are used measure the same aspects of movement competence. The aim of this paper was to (1) investigate whether the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK) measure the same aspects of children’s movement competence and (2) examine the factorial structure of the TGMD-2 and KTK in a sample of Australian children. A total of 158 children participated (M age = 9.5; SD = 2.2). First, confirmatory factor analysis examined the independent factorial structure of the KTK and TGMD-2. Second, it was investigated whether locomotor, object control and body coordination loaded on the latent variable Movement Competency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an adequate fit for both the KTK and TGMD-2. An adequate fit was also achieved for the final model. In this model, locomotor (r = .86), object control (r = .71) and body coordination (r = .52) loaded on movement competence. Findings support our hypothesis that the TGMD-2 and KTK measure discrete aspects of movement competence. Future researchers and practitioners should consider using a wider range of test batteries to assess movement competence.  相似文献   

14.
背景:灵敏素质是与运动和运动机能增强相关的标志之一,良好的灵敏素质可以有效预防生活中可能受到的伤害,小篮球对幼儿灵敏素质的影响尚无统一意见。目的:通过meta分析,探索小篮球对幼儿灵敏素质的影响,为幼儿体质研究提供研究证据。方法:以\"幼儿\"and\"篮球\"为检索主题词对中国知网、万方、维普数据库进行检索,检索时限为建库至2021年9月,根据纳入和排除标准排除不符合要求的文献,对所纳入的文献进行文献质量评价。若研究间异质性较高,首先逐一排除文献进行敏感性分析,若异质性仍然高则对可能的异质性因素进行亚组分析。meta分析软件采用Review Manager5.4。结果:meta分析结果显示与常规体育活动相比篮球运动对幼儿10m折返跑成绩提高了0.35s,(MD=-0.35,95CI%:[-0.81~0.11]),结果没有统计学差异(P=0.14)。亚组分析发现4-5岁亚组与常规体育活动相比篮球运动提高了幼儿10m折返跑成绩0.17s,结果没有统计学差异(P=0.7);5-6岁亚组与常规体育活动相比小篮球训练提高了幼儿10m折返跑成绩0.66s,结果有统计学差异(P <0.01)。结论:...  相似文献   

15.
Fundamental movement skills (FMS) competence is low in adolescent girls. An assessment tool for teachers is needed to monitor FMS in this demographic. The present study explored whether the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) is feasible for use by physical education (PE) teachers of Australian Year 7 girls in a school setting. Surveys, focus group interviews, and direct observation of 18 specialist PE teachers investigated teachers’ perceptions of this tool. Results indicated that the CAMSA was usable in a real-world school setting and was considered a promising means to assess FMS in Year 7 girls. However, future iterations may require minor logistical alterations and further training for teachers on how to utilize the assessment data to enhance teaching practice. These considerations could be used to improve future design, application, and training of the CAMSA in school-based PE.  相似文献   

16.
    
The purpose of this study was to analyse the longitudinal associations between (1) fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and academic performance, and (2) self-reported physical activity and academic performance through junior high school in Finland. The participants of the study were 325 Finnish students (162 girls and 163 boys), who were 13 years old at the beginning of the study at Grade 7. Students performed three FMS tests and responded to a self-reported physical activity questionnaire at Grades 7 and 8. Marks in Finnish language, mathematics and history from Grades 7, 8 and 9 were collected. Structural equation modelling with multigroup method demonstrated that in the boys’ group, a correlation (0.17) appeared between FMS and academic performance measured at Grade 7. The results also indicated that FMS collected at Grade 8 were significantly but weakly (path coefficient 0.14) associated with academic performance at Grade 9 for both gender groups. Finally, the results of this study demonstrated that self-reported physical activity was not significantly related to academic performance during junior high school. The findings of this study suggest that mastery of FMS may contribute to better student achievement during junior high school.  相似文献   

17.
    
Fundamental movement skill (FMS) assessment in preschools allows for early intervention; however it is unclear what assessments are feasible. The purpose of this review is to systematically review the feasibility of FMS assessments for pre-school aged children. The search was conducted across four databases, MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC and SportsDiscus. Search terms included synonyms of “fundamental movement skills” and “pre-school children”. Inclusion criteria were: (i) FMS assessment; (ii) feasibility data; (iii) assessment of children aged three to six years; (iv) assessment of typically developing children; and (v) peer reviewed full text publications in English. Feasibility concepts (administration time, equipment, space, assessment type, item, training, qualification) were each coded as ‘poor = 1?, ‘average = 2? and ‘good = 3?; potential total of 21. A total of 330 full text articles were considered but a quarter (n = 86) were excluded due to no feasibility data. Sixty-five studies using 13 different FMS assessments were included. The Athletic Skills Track and DEMOST-PRE assessments were most feasible (18/21) and the Test of Gross Motor Development and Movement Assessment Battery for Children were common but among the least feasible (12–14/21). This review allows pre-school staff to choose a FMS assessment based on feasibility. Future studies need to present feasibility of assessments.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Studies that have analysed the association between the different movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-h movement behaviours (24-h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 24-h MB and FMS in preschoolers using a compositional data analysis . Two hundred and four preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old; 101 boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents. Association of daily composition of movement behaviours with FMS was explored using compositional analysis and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When considered as a 24-h MB composition (PA, SB and SD), adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition predicted locomotor (r2 = 0.31), object control (r2 = 0.19), and total motor score (r2 = 0.35), respectively (all P < 0.001). Reallocation of time from light to moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with greatest positive changes in total motor score. Achieving adequate balance between movement behaviours over the 24-h period, and its relationship with locomotor and object control skills should be considered and further investigated in early childhood.  相似文献   

19.
    

Purpose: The purpose of the meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on physical activity participation among preschoolers. A secondary purpose was to investigate the influence of several possible moderator variables (e.g., intervention length, location, leadership, type) on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Method: Nine databases were systematically searched for physical activity interventions. Studies were included if they contained statistics necessary to compute an effect size (ES), were written in or translated into English, examined physical activity in preschoolers, incorporated a physical activity intervention, and targeted preschool-aged children. Fifteen studies satisfied these criteria. ESs were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Results indicated that overall, interventions had a small-to-moderate effect on general physical activity (Hedges g = 0.44, p < .05, n = 73 ESs) and a moderate effect on MVPA (Hedges g = 0.51, p < .05, n = 39 ESs). The greatest effects for MVPA were identified for interventions that were less than 4 weeks in duration, were offered in an early-learning environment, were led by teachers, involved outdoor activity, and incorporated unstructured activity. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides an overview and synthesis of physical activity interventions and highlights effective strategies for future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels among preschoolers.  相似文献   

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