以设计空间为视角对外观设计相近似性判断的再思考

本文从外观设计相近似性的判断方法出发,分析了其中的现存问题,并结合司法实践中的相关判例,论述了引入"设计空间"的必要性。本文亦论述了制约"设计空间"的因素,并在此基础上探讨了外观设计相近似性判断方法的重构设想。     

现有设计在外观设计对比中的作用

2009年实施的专利法引入了现有设计的概念,而在外观设计对比中,大家又常常提到设计空间,但是很多人对设计空间的概念、现有设计与设计空间的关系以及两者在外观设计对比中的作用还没有清晰的认识,本文结合其他国家地区的相关规定、判例以及专利复审委员会外观设计无效案例,尝试对上述问题进行梳理。     

现有设计抗辩的审查判断：逻辑与方法

由于外观设计专利与发明、实用新型专利在保护目的、保护对象及侵权判定方法上存在根本差异,加之外观设计领域存在的家族类似这一特殊规律,现有设计抗辩与现有技术抗辩遵循不同的逻辑和判断方法。审查现有设计抗辩时,需要在外观设计专利、被诉侵权设计及现有设计之间进行三者对此,且需要遵循正确的对比方法。     

现有设计在外观设计对比中的作用简

2009年实施的专利法引入了现有设计的概念,而在外观设计对比中,大家又常常提到设计空间,但是很多人对设计空间的概念、现有设计与设计空间的关系以及两者在外观设计对比中的作用还没有清晰的认识,本文结合其他国家地区的相关规定、判例以及专利复审委员会外观设计无效案例,尝试对上述问题进行梳理。     

案说设计空间在外观设计专利侵权判定中的运用——戴森诉维克斯“吸尘器”外观设计侵权案评析

在英国法院作出的戴森诉维克斯"吸尘器"外观设计侵权案判决中,设计空间理论结合实践的综合运用是一个至关重要的评价方法。目前,本案判决中主要的考量因素及判断原则已被广为借鉴,在备受关注的苹果诉三星Galaxy平板电脑外观设计侵权判决1中也引用了本案中关于设计空间的理论。本文通过对本案的判决进行分析和总结,揭示欧盟国家在进行外观设计侵权判定时的考量因素和判断原则,为我国外观设计专利的侵权判定和确权审查提供理论及实践方面的借鉴。     

外观设计专利申请中鞋类产品的设计特点及设计要素特征初探

鞋作为家居用品,其外观设计申请量较大,但设计水平整体不高,不具备新颖性的设计也较多。对于如何判断某一设计是否具备新颖性,目前除了直接检索、浏览大量的现有设计外,尚无其他有效手段。本文通过对0204领域中鞋类产品的设计特点及设计要素特征等进行分析,为对鞋类产品的设计质量进行初步判断提供参考。     

外觀設计创造性審查方法研究

本文试图给出外观设计专利创造性判断的基本審查方法:第一步,确定用以对比的外观设计或者外观设计特徵;第二步,将涉案外观设计专利与用以对比的外观设计或者外观设计特征相比,找出区别;第三步,以涉案外观设计专利所属产品的本领域设计人员作为判断主体,确定外观设计所属产品的设计空间,据此判断上述区别是否明显。     

资讯

我国专利法修改征求意见稿已完成日前,我国专利法第三次修改的征求意见稿已经完成,并将公开向公众征求意见。这次修改征求意见稿中主要的修改建议包括五大板块。一是关于专利权的归属、转让和共有;二是关于授予发明和实用新型专利权的标准;三是关于外观设计保护制度中,提出了修改外观设计专利的授权条件、增加不授予专利权的外观设计申请主题、允许关联外观设计合案申请、规定简要说明为必须提交的外观设计申请文件、增加外观设计检索报告制度、明确外观设计侵权判断规则等6个方面的修改建议;四是关于强制许可制度中,增加了"无正当理由未实施专利或者实施不充分"作为请求强制许可的理由。建议规定在流行病的出现、蔓延导致公共健康危机等国家紧急状态下可以启动强制许可程序。建议规定根据世界贸易组织的新规则,在符合规定条件的情况下,可以颁发专利强制许可,授权中国制药企业制造有关专利药品,并将其出口到有关发展中国家;五是关于专利权的保护中,建议进一步加强专利行政执法,在专利权的侵权判断标准中,增加发明和实用新型专利侵权判断的等同原则,外观设计专利的侵权判断规则、禁止反悔原则和现有技术抗辩等规定。(据新华社)     

对外观设计专利分类的一点认识

外观设计专利分类很重要,因为它在外观设计专利的申请、审查、保护等方面具有非常重要的意义,主要表现在以下几个方面。首先,外观设计相同、实质相同和不具明显区别的判断。《专利审查指南》第四部分第五章无效宣告程序中外观设计专利的审查5.1.1规定"外观设计相同是指涉案专利与对比设计是相同种类产品的外观设计……在确定产品的种类时,可以参考产品的名称、国际外观设     

案说设计空间在外观设计专利侵权判定中的运用

在英国法院作出的戴森诉维克斯“吸尘器”外观设计侵权案判决中,设计空间理论结合实践的综合运用是一个至关重要的评价方法。目前,本案判决中主要的考量因素及判断原则已被广为借鉴,在备受关注的苹果诉三星Galaxy平板电脑外观设计侵权判决’中也引用了本案中关于设计空间的理论。本文通过对本案的判决进行分析和总结,揭示欧盟国家在进行外观设计侵权判定时的考量因素和判断原则,为我国外观设计专利的侵权判定和确权审查提供理论及实践方面的借鉴。     

从设计角度教授“模拟集成电路分析与设计”课程

模拟集成电路分析与设计是微电子专业学生的学位课程,对学生专业学习和专业能力培养起着重要的作用。文章根据作者的教学实践,探讨从设计角度教授该课程,区别于大多数以分析为主的教学方法,将电子设计自动化软件的使用与课堂教学相融合,较好的激发了学生的学习兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果。     

零售企业的物流关键绩效指标体系设计

根据KPI理论，从物流业务流程的角度来进行物流关键绩效指标体系的设计。在设计过程中，重点苎孽一些反映物流成本和顾客满意度的关键指标，希望通过对这些指标的设计来达到物流成本与顾客满意度之间的一个平衡点。     

浅谈建设项目设计阶段的投资控制——从设计单位的角度

工程设计是把建设单位的使用需求和现场施工的建设实际紧密结合在一起的桥梁,它关系到整个建设项目的合理性、适用性和经济性。建设项目设计阶段的投资控制是整个项目投资控制的先导,具有前瞻性和规划性。因此,通过提高设计阶段投资控制的效率,可以更好地对项目全生命周期投资控制做出贡献。     

浅析公路线形设计因素对交通安全的影响

公路线形设计是公路总体设计、总体布局的关键,对交通事故的产生有很大的影响。公路线形设计中的平面线形、纵断面、平纵组合对交通安全的影响尤为重要,优化公路线形设计是提高公路的安全性及行车舒适性的保障。     

Exploring the sources of design innovations: Insights from the computer,communications and audio equipment industries

Whereas business research has focused on the impact of design innovations on market response and financial performance, the sources of design innovations, as opposed to those of technological innovations, have largely escaped investigation. In this research, we examine the organizational, financial, and environmental drivers of design innovations and how they contrast to technological innovations. Our study utilizes a unique dataset encompassing a 10-year window of innovation output drawn from the computer, communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing industries. Our results suggest that design innovations are driven primarily by investments in research and development and slack organizational resources. Interestingly, we find that design innovations are more prevalent in smaller but fast-growing markets as opposed to technology innovations, which are prevalent in larger markets. Contrary to expectations, we find no association between marketing investments and design innovations. Our research contributes to the extant business literature by considering the sources of design innovations separately from the sources of technology innovations. We also contribute to the literature by distinguishing design and technology patents, developing a deeper understanding of design innovation, and illuminating a lesser understood source of competitive advantage for firms.     

Storm crowds: Evidence from Zooniverse on crowd contribution design

What is the impact of platform design on crowdsourcing contributions? The proliferation of platforms with distributed content production, such as Wikipedia, Zooniverse, and others, has led to scholarly interest in understanding why individuals contribute to them. One stream of research has investigated contributor motivations, while another growing stream, scattered across several disciplines, has explored the effect of platform design on contributions. One important design element is the extent to which incomplete, or partial, contributions are possible - a concept we refer to in this paper as “tolerance to incompleteness.” We explore the relationship between this design element and crowds’ willingness to contribute in the context of Zooniverse, the world’s largest citizen science platform. Our quasi-experimental empirical approach exploits a format change that decreased tolerance to incompleteness in one Zooniverse project. The results of a difference-in-differences estimation show that after the format change, editors contributed fewer total edits, but more complete edits than predicted in the absence of a change. Users also spent less time contributing to the project post-change. Moreover, we find a trade-off between the quantity and quality of complete edits, with the quality of complete edits lower post-change. Our findings have implications for the design of a growing number of crowdsourcing platforms that involve simple, independent, and well-structured tasks.     

Invoking politics and ethics in the design of information technology: undesigning the design

It is a truism that the design and deployment of information and communication technologies is vital to everyday life, the conduct of work and to social order. But how are individual, organisational and societal choices made? What might it mean to invoke a politics and an ethics of information technology design and use? This editorial paper situates these questions within the trajectory of preoccupations and approaches to the design and deployment of information technology since computerisation began in the 1940s. Focusing upon the dominant concerns over the last three decades, the paper delineates an interest in design and use in relation to socio-technical theories, situated practices and actor-network theory. It is argued that each of these approaches is concerned with a particular form of politics that does not explicitly engage with ethics. In order to introduce ethics into contemporary debates about information technology, and to frame the papers in the special issue, it is argued that Levinas’ ethics is particularly valuable in problematising the relationship between politics and ethics. Levinas provides a critique of modernity’s emphasis on politics and the egocentric self. It is from a Levinasian concern with the Other and the primacy of the ethical that a general rethinking of the relationship between politics, ethics and justice in relation to information and communication technologies can be invoked.     

Exploiting user experience from online customer reviews for product design

Understanding user experience (UX) becomes more important in a market-driven design paradigm because it helps designers uncover significant factors, such as user’s preference, usage context, product features, as well as their interrelations. Conventional means, such as questionnaire, survey and self-report with predefined questions and prompts, are used to collect information about users’ experience during various UX studies. However, such data is often limited and restricted by initial setups, and they won’t easily allow designers to identify all critical elements such as user profile, context, related product features, etc. Meanwhile, with widely accessible social media, the volume and velocity of customer-generated data are fast-increasing. While it is generally acknowledged that such data contains important elements in understanding and analyzing UX, extracting them to assist product design remains a challenging issue. In this study, how UX data underlying product design can be isolated and restored from customer online reviews is examined. A faceted conceptual model is proposed to elucidate the crucial factors of UX, which serves as an operational mechanism connecting to product design. A methodology of establishing a UX knowledge base from customer online reviews is then proposed to support UX-centered design activities, which consists of three stages, i.e., UX discovery to extract UX data from a single review, UX data integration to group similar data and UX network formalization to build up the causal dependencies among UX groups. Using a case study on smart mobile phone reviews, examples of UX data discovered are demonstrated and both customers and designers concerned key product features and usage situations are exemplified. This study explores the feasibility to discover valuable UX data as well as their relations automatically for product design and business strategic plan by analyzing a large volume of customer online data.     

关于工程设计的规范及广西冶金研究院工程设计的思考

广西冶金研究院做为广西唯一的省级冶金和有色金属综合性应用开发研究设计单位,要实现工程设计资质从专业乙级→行业乙级→行业甲级的发展,首先必须大力培养或招聘人才,尤其是各专业的国家注册工程师和有实际工作经验的工程师,只有建设好符合工程设计资质申报要求的科技队伍,才能提升资质平台;同时要走出去,深入工矿企业,开拓市场,承接更多业务,积累更多设计经验。把提升平台与开拓市场两手同时抓好,逐渐扩大影响力,树立品牌形象,力争三、五年内把广西冶金研究院建成较高水平的、有独具特色的行业科研设计单位。     

How to design the master data architecture: Findings from a case study at Bosch

Master data management (MDM) is a topic of increasing prominence both in the scientific and in the practitioners’ information systems (IS) community. As a prerequisite for meeting strategic business requirements, such as compliance with regulations, business integration, or integrated customer management, MDM comprises numerous activities. One of the central activities is designing and maintaining the master data architecture. Interestingly, though, the scientific community has remained almost silent with regard to the question as to how companies should proceed when designing the master data architecture. In order to shed light on this unexplored topic, the paper at hand presents the findings of a case study at Bosch Group. The case study shows that designing the master data architecture is a multidimensional task which requires balancing the interests of various organizational stakeholders, managing an array of technical opportunities, and meeting requirements of numerous master data classes. Also, the case study suggests that taking advantage of architectural design patterns may be an appropriate way to adequately address the complexity of the task.