Curricular responsiveness to the Covid-19 crisis: The case of Indonesia

This article focuses on the effect of the Covid-19 crisis on education systems in Indonesia. It describes and illuminates various curricular responses, from nation-based actions to policies by the office of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The article asks: How does the Covid-19 crisis affect education systems, activities, policies, and practices in the Indonesia archipelago? How has the central government responded to the Covid-19 crisis within educational institutions? What do these institutions’ curricular responses look like? What are some of the guiding curricular principles of schooling, teaching, and learning emerging and circulating during the Covid-19 crisis and within educational institutions’ efforts to revive educational life, possibilities, and continuance? It is hoped that this article on the case of Indonesia will promote and contribute to new sharing of the global understanding of curriculum responsiveness, teaching, learning, policy, and practice during the current Covid-19 crisis.

     

Covid-19 and In(di)genuity: Lessons from Indigenous resilience,adaptation, and innovation in times of crisis

In the midst of the global Covid-19 pandemic, educators are invited to pause and reconsider the legacies this crisis will leave for future generations. What lessons do we take forward in a post-Covid-19 curriculum? This article contemplates the value of Indigenous resilience, innovation, and adaptation in times of crisis—“In(di)genuity”, if you will—and considers its implications on Indigenous knowledge and the curricular discourse more broadly. Despite encouraging developments in Indigenous education since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a settler historical consciousness continues to pervade the modern discourse of Indigenous education, insofar as Indigenous knowledge is often perceived as outdated, irrelevant, or inferior to Western knowledge systems. This problematic misconception ignores the resilience, innovation, and adaptation that Indigenous peoples have demonstrated in the face of historical crises. This article offers an Indigenous perspective on crisis, grief, and renewal in the context of Covid-19 and advocates for the renewal of the Canadian curricular landscape.

     

Creative approaches to staff development: global education in ITE in The Gambia

The elements of global education should be at the heart of all learning and teaching. In ITE we often protect ‘our subject’ in the belief that it should have more prominence in the curriculum and more teaching time in school. In this article a group of ITE tutors comment on their learning about global education and its inclusion in their subject following a study trip, with students and teachers, to The Gambia. A truly cross-curricular strand develops and ideas within subjects are matched to key concepts of global education. An experiential model of tutor CPD evolves which includes personal challenge of values and attitudes.     

Promoting more future-ready anatomy education after the Covid-19 pandemic: A scoping review

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic caused an abrupt transition from face-to-face to online anatomy teaching, learning, and assessment. Although online education has ensured the continuity of anatomy education during the pandemic, its implementation has been challenging, and its effectiveness has been questioned. Therefore, literature pertinent to online anatomy education during the pandemic is crucial to explain Covid-19's disruptions to this field. Accordingly, this scoping review explored changes, disruptions, and gaps in anatomy teaching and assessment during Covid-19 using an enhanced version of Arksey and O′Malley's six-stage protocol. Five online databases were searched for articles that described changes and disruptions in anatomy education. Three independent researchers were involved in titles, abstracts, and full texts screening, while another four researchers were independently involved in data extraction, charting, and synthesis. This review revealed six themes: immediate strategic plans and actions, teaching and learning changes, online assessment practice, students' and educators' receptivity and adaptability, online learning and assessment effects, and future directions. It also revealed four gaps: non-future-ready curricula, learning obstacles, administrative and teaching challenges, and online education ethical issues. The results were reported in tabular and narrative forms, following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR guidelines). Understanding the evolution and gaps in anatomy education during the Covid-19 pandemic will help anatomists design future-ready, adaptable curricula.     

Modelling the long-run learning impact of the Covid-19 learning shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss

This paper uses a calibrated “pedagogical production function” model to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of Covid-19 related school closures. It then models possible gains from two mitigation strategies. Without mitigation, children could lose more than a full year’s worth of learning from a three-month school closure because they will be behind the curriculum when they re-enter school and will fall further behind as time goes on. Remediation when children return to school reduces the long-term learning loss by half, but still leaves children more than half a year behind where they would have been with no shock. Remediation combined with long-term reorientation of curriculum to align with children’s learning levels fully mitigates the long-term learning loss due to the shock and surpasses the learning in the counterfactual of no shock by more than a full year’s worth of learning. Systems need to begin planning now for remediation programmes, and as they do so they should build programmes and train teachers in ways that can continue to produce benefits beyond the period immediately following reopening.     

No cuts,no buts: Satisfaction of first-year medical students with a hybrid prosection-based model for learning gross anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic

Few realized the extent of disruption that the Covid-19 global pandemic would impose upon higher anatomical education. While many institutions were obliged to adopt a fully-remote online model, the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine strove to develop a curriculum that would allow medical students to receive an in-person anatomy education. A hybrid model that emphasized learning from prosected cadavers and self-study stations was implemented, with the remainder of the students' time directed toward studying at home. Through an anonymous survey aimed at gleaning student satisfaction, this study demonstrates that this hybrid prosection-based anatomy course aligned with student preferences both assuming no health risk (64.6% agreed) and given the current risk of contracting Covid-19 (78.5% agreed). Generally, students felt that their education was equal to that of previous years (Likert scale = 3.24 ± 1.05), fostered an appreciation for anatomy (4.56 ± 0.59), promoted teamwork (4.13 ± 0.85), and prepared them for practical examinations (4.18 ± 0.74). Linear mixed-effect models demonstrated that specific differences in results could be attributed to students' preconceived preferences toward student-led dissections and to past medical training. Importantly, most students “disagree” (1.97 ± 1.00) that they were concerned about the risk of exposure to Covid-19 during in-person anatomy laboratory sessions. Areas requiring improvement were identified by the model, including the provision of access to the cadavers outside of the regularly scheduled laboratory times (3.89 ± 1.08). These findings should be utilized when designing future gross anatomy courses in response to the “new normal”.     

探究学习模式在中学体育教学中的应用研究

2001年,我国正式启动了以《基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）》为标志的新一轮基础教育课程改革。大力提倡培养学生的独立性和自主性,引导学生质疑、调查、探究。探究学习模式成为我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的重点之一。本文首先阐述了在中学体育课学习中采用探究学习模式的意义。其次,从让学生真正成为学习的主体,让学生在创造性活动中学习,加强中学体育教师素质培养等方面,对如何在中学体育教学中应用探究学习模式提出了自己的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值。     

非医学类高校防控新冠疫情措施的探析

新型冠状病毒是一种新发现的传染性很强的病毒,病毒的潜伏期长,全球存在很多被感染后的无症状者和复阳者。高校人员集中、生源广泛、学生活动范围大、普遍实行寄宿制、大班教学等特点,加之非医学类高校对健康教育及基础医疗知识的普及和实践不够重视,学生在面对突发公共卫生事件时缺乏基本的防控意识和自救、互救能力。因此这类院校更要积极做好新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控。根据目前非医学类高校在突发公共卫生事件防控方面存在的问题,结合新冠病毒的感染、传播特点,从设立长效应急队伍或机构、制定行之有效地防控和应急预案,在落实师生健康教育课程、监测预警、建设医疗应急队伍和及时进行疫后心理疏导等方面提出了对策和建议。     

How closely related are the national curriculum and the global dimension? A content analysis of the global dimension in elementary school textbooks in Taiwan

Over the past few decades, researchers, educators, and policymakers have become increasingly concerned about preparing future generations for life in the rapidly changing global society; thus, interest in the global dimension of school curricula has been growing. However, as tension often exists between this global dimension and national education, infusing the former into the latter is not an easy task. Although some countries claim their national curriculum has a global dimension, and many global educators emphasize the relevance of global education in all curriculum areas, little empirical evidence supports such claims. To bridge this gap, the extent to which school textbooks reflect a global dimension must be explored. Therefore, this study conducted a content analysis of 84 elementary school textbooks in Taiwan to examine the scope of their global dimension. We found that around 10 % of the textbooks’ content was related to the global dimension, the majority of which was in the learning areas of social studies and integrative activities. The most evident global education concepts were ecological sustainability and world peace, whereas human rights and social justice were underrepresented. The ideal of linking the global dimension with all aspects of education and all curriculum areas remains a challenge. We provide suggestions for teachers, educational authorities, and textbook publishers and authors regarding revisions to current textbooks to enhance the global dimension.     

State control,religious deference and cultural reproduction: some problems with theorising curriculum and pedagogy in the Cambridge Primary Review

This article offers a critique of the quality of theorising underlying proposals on curriculum and pedagogy in the Cambridge Primary Review. Despite its strengths, the review is seen as omitting consideration of three major areas in primary education: gifted pupils, teacher effectiveness research and the private sector. Questions are raised about the review's use of evidence about a broad and balanced curriculum and about ability grouping. The proposals for curriculum are seen as backward-looking and bureaucratic, while its treatment of religious education is judged to be overly deferential and inadvertently sustaining indoctrination. Its proposals for pedagogy give undue emphasis to a particular form of constructivism, dialogic teaching, whilst ignoring theories of social/cultural reproduction. It is concluded that the review missed an opportunity to propose three more radical and innovatory reforms: to increase school autonomy in curriculum matters; to theorise pedagogy so as to include learning beyond the school; and, to integrate recent findings from educational effectiveness research into theorising pedagogy.     

A general framework for cultivating innovations in higher education curriculum

ABSTRACT

Systematic changes to higher education curriculum typically occur within the extended timeframes of formal curriculum review processes. Programmes need to be reviewed periodically for internal and external accountability or to determine whether the curriculum has lost its coherence due to the accumulative effect of continual small-scale changes. These programme reviews often lend themselves to the introduction of innovations in teaching and learning however experiences suggest that these innovations are often short-lived. Even with well-thought-through project plans, adequate funding and staffing, and robust project evaluations, a curriculum innovation may fail to take hold and continue beyond the short-term. In this article we work towards developing a general framework that identifies the various factors and drivers that are essential to sustain important curriculum innovation beyond the short-term. The framework is developed from an analysis of several curriculum innovations related to the embedding of graduate attributes to highlight the important factors necessary to ensure longevity in important developments in teaching and learning.     

Markets,Ideologies and Primary Initial Teacher Education

ABSTRACT

The British government's proposals for the reform of primary initial teacher education (ITE), including the transfer of major responsibility to schools, are examined in the context of their plans for more centralised control over the curriculum and the imposition of traditional methods of teaching. A model of appropriate objectives for school‐based primary ITE is outlined and an alternative concept of partnership based on co‐operation between higher education institutions and schools put forward. Implications of the reforms for primary schools are considered. In an attempt to make sense of the government's proposals, the apparent contradiction between its commitment to an educational market and the actual concentration of power in its own hands is explored. The reforms are shown to be part of a sustained attack on education professionals, and to illustrate how market relations may be used to promote the dominance of the central state by fragmenting opposition.     

Devising an Environmental Impact Assessment Curriculum

Abstract

In this article, the author discusses the barriers to ecology education in North American high schools within a new perspective. The author argues that new insights to overcome the barriers could be obtained when we examine the barriers from the following viewpoints: a) educational concern among ecologists, b) ecological concern among educators and philosophers, c) the nature of ecology and how to approach it among curriculum developers and teachers, d) anthropological and archaeological knowledge in ecological education, e) teaching evolution in secondary school curriculum, f) holistic views of ecological education, g) essential characteristics necessary for an adequate ecological education, h) the place of ecology in school curriculum, and i) preparation for action in school curriculum. Finally, the study provides 10 important steps that could help improve the status of ecology education in North America. These steps fall under levels: a) the level of educational institutions, b) the level of educational theory and curriculum development, c) the level of educators, educational philosophers, and ecologists, d) the level of ecology teacher education, and e) the level of teaching.     

体验式学习在初中数学教学中的应用探析

我国新课改明确指出,当前面向初中生的教育应以提高他们的综合素质为主,在教学中教师除了应重视知识教学内容,还要不断创新教学方法,提高学生的自主学习能力,培养学生对学科内容的兴趣,做到学以致用。所以,全面提高初中学生的素养已经成为我国教学的未来发展方向,我国的初中教育工作者应利用科学的手段完善教学方式。在初中阶段数学教学中应用体验式教学法,能有效培养学生学习能力,符合初中阶段学生的心理特点以及我国新课改的相关要求。     

探讨教育教学改革努力创建和谐教育——广东省基础教育系统“百千万人才工程“高级论坛简述

广东省基础教育系统"百千万人才工程"高级论坛日前在广州举行,来自广东省各地市教育教学一线的校长、老师们就课程与教学、教师专业发展、德育的内涵与实施策略、学校管理的原则方法等问题展开了深入的探讨和研究,取得了广泛的共识,并对德育、课程、教师素养、学校管理等方面的改革提出了不少建设性意见与建议。     

Educating teachers about human rights: building a rights based culture in Australian schools

A well-educated active citizenry is the primary aim of our education systems. An essential component of a well-educated citizenry in a civil society is its understanding of the value of human rights and what it means to live with dignity in a community, where rights and freedoms are protected. This paper uses evidence from international and national reports and programmes to argue that HRE should be an essential component of the curriculum in Australian schools. It draws on data from the first national cross-sectoral Australian study investigating the place of HRE in the school curriculum. There is a need for both pre-service and in-service teachers to have focused professional training, in order to better engage students to be critically aware of the importance of developing a human rights culture within a school; also, to adopt a transformative “whole school” approach linked to local, national, and global communities.     

Challenges to primary education

Summary

The above examples are but a few ideas which may stimulate teachers and children to develop other activities that have an educational benefit and which motivate children in design and technology and physical education. They will not replace core teaching and learning in physical education and design and technology but should form an integral part of the overall school curriculum. Sound planning and curriculum development strategies should, we believe, allow the inclusion of such activities in the curriculum of the primary school.     

Health Curriculum and School Quality: International perspectives

The study looks at issues surrounding the definition, choice and implemen tation of the planned content of health education for primary schools, focusing on two countries in Africa and on one Indian state. It argues that health education is a vital component to achieving quality because it links home with school; 'needs now' with 'needs later'. Yet it is proves exceptionally difficult to plan and deliver such content effectively because curriculum planning bodies are geared to work with separate subjects rather than across the curriculum, with classroom content rather than wider learning experiences in and from school, and with textbooks and examinations rather than the physical and human environment of the school community. There is confusion as to the definition and purpose of health education, omission and overlap in planned learning opportunities and a wide gap between what is planned centrally and what is actually delivered in school. There is considerable awareness of the need to rethink approaches and a large number of separate proposals for action have emerged, aimed at improving content, methodology, materials and evaluation strategies. Yet many fundamental problems remain concerning the structure and purpose of planning bodies (notably the Curriculum Centres) and with overcoming a restrictive and conservative culture of schooling. Issues raised in this study have wide relevance, not only to other countries but also to the planning of other themes, such as environmental protection and conflict resolution.