中长跑运动员速度力量训练方法

速度力量是一种特殊的力量素质，要提高中长跑运动成绩，不仅要提高速度、耐力等基本素质，还应大力发展中长跑运动员的速度力量素质。发展中长跑运动员的速度力量，提高运动成绩，成为中长跑科学化训练的研究热点。     

中长跑运动员的速度力量训练

一、前言力量素质是竞技运动中的重要素质,在很多运动项目中,是取得优异运动成绩的基础。力量素质包括最大力量、力量耐力和速度力量等。速度力量是指运动员肌肉收缩力量与收缩速度综合到一起的一种特殊的力量素质。速度力量是中长跑运动项目的基础,是决定比赛胜负和运...     

不同要求的后蹬跑在中长跑训练中的应用研究

现代中长跑项目的训练理念随着社会的发展,科技的不断进步,训练的科学化水平日益提高,运动成绩也在不断提升,正确的运动技术,良好的速度和力量耐力素质及冲刺能力是运动成绩提高的保证.笔者依据日常中长跑训练中学生在技术、力量和速度等因素中存在的问题,利用不同要求的后蹬跑在中长跑训练中的应用展开分析研究,希望能给体育教师或者教练员提供借鉴.     

浅谈青少年中长跑运动员的速度力量训练

大多数初级跑步爱好者认为,中长跑不需要专门的速度力量训练。但实际上,中长跑是速度、耐力、力量等素质的综合较量。力量素质是竞技运动中的重要素质,在许许多多运动项目中,是取得优异成绩的基础。中长跑运动员的力量训练应该发展速度力量、相对力量和力量耐力,尤其是快速力     

少儿中长跑运动员的基础训练

1．身体训练 中长跑项目是在全面身体训练和掌握合理技术的基础上，围绕专项耐力这一主要素质训练，耐力是中长跑项目的核心。中长跑成绩是内脏功能及速度耐力、力量素质在跑中的综合体现。因此，在少年时期要系统地、有所侧重地、形式多种多样地安排内脏器官的训练，只有提高内脏器官的功能，增大肺活量和最大吸氧量，才能保证少儿运动员具有较长时间工作能力。但是如果只有好的内脏器官功能，没有好的速度、力量、协调性、柔韧性、灵敏性，也难以掌握较好的运动技术，只有好的素质，没有合理的运动技术，也难以表现出较高的运动成绩。因此，素质与技术应协调全面发展。[第一段]     

对中长跑运动员速度训练的探讨

本文通过文献资料研究及调查访问法，对中长跑速度训练进行了分析和研究，认为速度素质是影响中长跑成绩提高的主要因素。正确、全面的认识，速度训练已成为世界中长跑训练的发展趋势，也是中长跑运动成绩的重要保障。     

中长跑训练中以速度训练为核心的探析

通过分析当今世界中长跑训练中的一些新变化，发现速度素质是中长跑运动成绩提高的主要因素。在训练中渗入大量的高强度、短距离跑的内容已成为世界中长跑训练发展的新趋势，也是中长跑运动成绩不断提高的重要保障。     

"以速度训练为核心"的中长跑训练方法探析

通过分析世界中长跑训练中的一些新变化．发现速度素质是影响中长跑运动成绩提高的主要因素。在训练中掺入大量的高强度、短距离跑的内容已成为世界中长跑训练发展的新趋势，也是中长跑运动成绩不断提高的重要保障。     

速度素质训练在提高中长跑成绩重要作用的实验研究

中长跑的传统训练模式已经有所转变,以耐力为基础,以速度为核心的训练思想正在形成。为了验证速度素质对提高中长跑成绩的重要作用,对河南省女子中长跑运动员进行了实验研究。结果显示:(1)速度素质训练对女子中长跑运动员的身体形态有一定影响,但影响很小。(2)速度素质训练对女子中长跑运动员的身体素质有了提高。(3)速度素质训练对运动员的生理、生化有较大的影响。(4)实验组在速度素质训练后运动成绩提高比较多。     

青少年中长跑快速力量训练浅析

力量素质是各项运动项目的基础,尤其是快速力量是发展速度的重要手段之一,是提高中长跑成绩的重要途径,从运动生理学角度来讲,发展速度力量的实质就是提高神经、肌肉、器官的功能（即肌肉的内协调,增加肌纤维的质量）这对中长跑运动员来说尤为重要。在青少年阶段,尤其是初学者,抓好运动员的速度力量训练则更为重要,它为运动员掌握合理技术用力和降低由于力量素质水平不高而出现的错误创造了良好的条件,也为将来进一步发展力量素质打好扎实基础。     

关于短跑后蹬角度若干问题的探讨

后蹬力是短跑主要的动力来源，是推动人体前进的基本条件。决定跑速的主要因素是步长与步频。然而后蹬角度的大小，对后蹬力的利用率，对步长与步频都将产生影响。后蹬角度大，对后蹬力的利用率、对步长与步频都会起消极的作用。本文主要对如何减小后蹬角度，以利于改进短跑技术，提高短跑运动成绩作一些探讨。     

谈谈短跑训练的几点体会

根据少年短跑运动员生长发育和项目特点，探讨了以短跑技术为中心的全面身体训练，发展步长、步频、速度耐力，掌握跑的放松技能，心理训练，合理的营养等。     

Kinematic and postural characteristics of sprint running on sloping surfaces

The aim of this study was to identify the kinematic and postural characteristics associated with sprint running on uphill and downhill slopes of 3 degrees and on a horizontal surface. Eight male physical education students were filmed while sprinting maximally on an uphill-downhill platform under each of three conditions: (a) uphill at 3 degrees, (b) downhill at 3 degrees and (c) horizontal. Running speed, step rate, step length, step time, contact time, flight time and selected postural characteristics of the step cycle were analysed. Running speed was 9.2% faster (P < 0.05) during downhill and 3.0% slower (P < 0.05) during uphill compared with horizontal sprint running. During downhill and uphill sprint running, step length was the main contributor to the observed changes in running speed. It increased by 7.1% (P < 0.05) for downhill sprint running and was associated with significant changes in posture at touchdown and take-off. During uphill sprint running, step length decreased by 5.2% (P < 0.05), which was associated with significant changes in posture and reduced flight distance. Given the interaction between the acute changes in step length and posture when sprinting on a sloping surface, our findings suggest that such changes in posture may detract from the specificity of training on such surfaces. The chronic effects of training on such slopes on the kinematics and posture of horizontal sprint running are currently unclear.     

青少年越野滑雪运动员陆地身体素质训练

为使青少年越野滑雪运动员竞技能力得到全面提高，经过多年训练实践，总结出青少年越野滑雪运动员陆地身体素质训练的具体方法：发展力量素质的训练方法有越野滑轮、拉力训练；发展耐力素质的训练方法有山地越野跑和模仿训练、滑轮场地滑轮训练和利用越野滑雪塑料滑道训练；发展速度素质训练的方法有上坡山地跑和模仿训练和滑轮训练；发展灵敏素质训练的方法有在滑轮比赛场地的锐角弯道处进行滑轮反复训练、小场地足球比赛及传抢游戏、半场篮球比赛等；发展协调素质的训练方法有短距离直道快速侧向跑和立卧撑等。     

Effect of 8 weeks of concurrent plyometric and running training on spatiotemporal and physiological variables of novice runners

Concurrent plyometric and running training has the potential to improve running economy (RE) and performance through increasing muscle strength and power, but the possible effect on spatiotemporal parameters of running has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent plyometric and running training on spatiotemporal parameters and physiological variables of novice runners. Twenty-five male participants were randomly assigned into two training groups; running group (RG) (n?=?11) and running + plyometric group (RPG) (n?=?14). Both groups performed 8 weeks of running training programme, and only the RPG performed a concurrent plyometric training programme (two sessions per week). Anthropometric, physiological (VO_2max, heart rate and RE) and spatiotemporal variables (contact and flight times, step rate and length) were registered before and after the intervention. In comparison to RG, the RPG reduced step rate and increased flight times at the same running speeds (P?P?P?2max increased more in the RPG than in the RG. In conclusion, concurrent plyometric and running training entails a reduction in step rate, as well as increases in VT speed, RCT speed, peak speed and VO_2max. Athletes could benefit from plyometric training in order to improve their strength, which would contribute to them attaining higher running speeds.     

Response Times of Slide and Cross-Over Steps as Used by Volleyball Players

Abstract

Basic physical fitness or motor performance functions as expressed in decathlon data are indicated through a factor analytical approach. Data from the eight Olympic decathlon championships since World War II, altogether representing 160 complete starts, are made comparable by standard score transformations within each Olympic decathlon contest. Product moment coefficients are analyzed by principal components and maximum likelihood techniques, and oblique as well as orthogonal rotations are performed. The alternative computing procedures all indicate a four-factor pattern which is interpreted in terms of running speed, explosive arm strength, running endurance, and explosive leg strength. These factors mainly cross-validate those of a previous factor analytical decathlon study and are also indicated to be more generally relevant.     

Deleterious effects of obesity on physical fitness in pre-pubertal children

The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity.     

中、外优秀女子三级跳远运动员助跑步长与速度研究

通过文献资料调研、现场拍摄法、视频图像解析法等对国内、外优秀女子三级跳远运动员的助跑步长和速度进行了纵向的整体性研究及横向的层次性研究。研究发现,助跑速度是运动成绩提高的源动力;国外优秀运动员水平越高,助跑最后10m的速度与比赛成绩的相关性就越大;最后两步步长随着竞技水平的提高有增加的趋势,并具有明显的个体差异性;在横向上,国外优秀运动员助跑最后两步的速度,随着竞技水平的不断提高而增加,呈加速攻板状态,国内优秀运动员在上板瞬间整体呈减速状态;国外优秀运动员的比赛成绩与助跑最后两步步长呈负相关关系,与最后两步助跑速度呈正相关关系,国内优秀运动员助跑最后两步步长与速度匹配的实效性不如国外优秀运动员。     

试探竞技健美操训练内容体系

借助体育运动训练原理和其他学科研究成果,并结合健美操特点及训练经验,阐述了健美操训练内容体系:1、动作技术训练:基本动作技术、操化动作、难度动作;2、身体素质训练:力量(跳与跃)、柔韧、速度、耐力、协调;3、健美操综合素质训练:健美操整合能力、音乐感受及表现能力、健美操创编能力、心理素质。     

现代三级跳远运动员的速度训练

三级跳远技术由高跳型、平跳型已经发展成速度型。为了适应这种技术，应该重新认识现代三级跳远运动员的速度训练，它包括发展运动员跑的速度(跑的能力、绝对速度、助跑速度)、速度性力量和快速跳跃能力。