磁性镍纳米线的生长演化

利用交流电沉积在有序多孔氧化铝膜内制备了镍磁性纳米线。采用EFSEM、TEM等方法对镍纳米线阵列进行表征,并用VSM对样品的磁性能进行测试。结果显示,镍纳米线在生长过程中发生晶体演化现象,出现多晶→单晶→多晶→单晶的生长模式。     

TRIZ理论在制备多孔阳极氧化铝模板过程中的应用

多孔阳极氧化铝模板(Anodic Aluminum Oxide,AAO)由于具有制备廉价,成品结构高度有序性、组装方法多样等特点,在纳米材料、功能材料等领域已被广泛地研究和应用。制备AAO的过程中需要在电解液中进行阳极氧化,氧化过程容易出现铝(氧化铝)被击穿的现象。TRIZ理论正是解决各种工程及生产问题的方法,基于TRIZ理论,进行了功能分析,技术矛盾分析,并利用阿奇舒勒矩阵以及标准解,最终找到了避免AAO在氧化过程中被击穿的可行方案。     

AAO模板制备中高纯Al电解抛光工艺的研究

阳极氧化铝模板以其低成本、高通量、柔性和结构可控性等特点已被用于制备纳米结构材料和光子器件等模板。为促进规则多孔的形成和控制所需的性能,高纯Al片表面的预处理是必需的。为此本文研究了高纯Al片的抛光条件,将面积相近的阳极Al片与阴极碳板以相互平行的方式垂直放置于高氯酸与乙醇的体积比为1∶7抛光液中。在电解抛光过程中,当外加电压增至9 V以上时,Al片表面开始形成阳极膜,Al片面积越大该阳极膜所受重力势能作用越显著,致使在完成形成均匀阳极膜拐点处对应的电流密度值随Al片面积的增加而增加,且同一Al片面积具有较佳拐点值,以获得理想的表面光洁度。     

电子束蒸发制备Si基Al膜及其性能的研究

利用硅基阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板制备的一维纳米管线在光电子学和磁存储领域有广阔的应用前景而硅基Al膜的制备是硅基AAO模板制备的前提。硅基Al膜的形貌,晶态结构,电阻率和剩余应力等都会影响硅基AAO模板的自组装过程。利用电子束蒸发在硅衬底上制备了一系列的Al膜,研究了沉积速率和薄膜厚度对硅基Al膜的形貌,晶态结构,电阻率等性能的影响和规律。     

金属氧化物纳米点薄膜的模板法合成

报道了一种简便的金属氧化物纳米点薄膜的合成方法.首先制备了具有有序纳米凹坑阵列的多孔阳极氧化铝模板,然后在模板表面真空蒸镀金属薄膜,对所制备的金属薄膜进行氧化处理,得到了具有有序纳米点阵列的金属氧化物纳米点薄膜.纳米点的直径约为 1 0 0nm,高度约为 45nm,以六边形有序排列,密度约为 2× 1 0 1 3个/m2 .     

模板技术制备介观结构材料（英文）

模板技术是制备介观尺度下具有多重结构材料的简单有效方法。本工作围绕纳米微球及其组装结构，一维纳米纤维及其组装结构而开展。其中重点关于核-壳结构凝胶微球的制备，并以此为模板制备包覆复合微球和中空微球，实现复合微球的形貌和特征尺寸的控制。通过化学改性对单分散聚苯乙烯胶体微粒进行处理，制备了具有核-壳结构的单分散凝胶粒子。以核-壳结构凝胶粒子为模板，制备了二氧化钛包覆聚苯乙烯核壳结构的复合粒子及其中空的二氧化钛粒子。发现在无机前体的溶胶凝胶过程中，电场能诱导复合粒子表面形成贯穿的多孔结构。同样思路，制备了二氧化硅、导电聚苯胺及其复合的核-壳结构和相应的中空微球。对聚苯乙烯胶体晶进行化学改性，制备了核-壳结构的胶体晶凝胶。以此为模板，与第二种具有响应特性凝胶进行复合，得到了敏感特性的胶体晶凝胶。并研究了此复合凝胶的形态及外场响应特性。以多孔氧化铝膜为模板，制备一维结构及其阵列体系。通过调节孔的润湿性，调节一维结构的形态（纤维或中空结构）并可调节双组分核-壳结构纤维的内外相相反转。     

倒锥形阳极氧化铝模板的制备及其应用

阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法是一种能够实现低成本制备大面积图案化纳米结构的方法,在生物传感器、海水淡化以及光电器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。AAO模板具有众多形貌,其中以倒锥形AAO模板制备的纳米锥结构能够有效地消除菲涅尔反射,被广泛应用于大面积图案化薄膜的制备以及改善传统光电器件的性能。本文以倒锥形AAO模板的制备及其应用为主题展开文献综述,介绍了倒锥形AAO模板的制备原理和方法,总结倒锥形AAO模板辅助制备聚合物、金属以及无机非金属图案化纳米结构的具体实验方法。随后,详细介绍倒锥形AAO模板辅助图案化纳米结构在光学减反层、宽谱光吸收体、超疏水表面等领域应用的研究进展。最后,本文总结了倒锥形AAO模板图案化技术所面临的一些问题和挑战,并对未来的发展做出展望。     

硅纳米线的场发射性质研究方法

研究硅纳米线的场发射的均匀性、稳定性及寿命问题是制备新型大面积冷阴极纳米功能材料的基础,本文提出了采用透明阳极法测试硅纳米线冷阴极薄膜的场发射特性的实验方法,并对实验方法进行了阐述。     

氯化锌活化法制备咖啡渣基多孔碳材料

以咖啡渣为原料,醋酸镁为模板,采用氯化锌(ZnCl2)活化法制备多孔碳材料,研究了不同煅烧温度对多孔碳材料的孔隙结构和表面化学性质的影响。通过氮气吸附脱附对样品进行了孔隙结构的表征。结果表征显示,材料具有微孔结构,随着煅烧温度的增加,比表面积达到最大值845 m2/g。     

银纳米线有序阵列的光偏振的理论研究

报道了组装在氧化铝模板中的银纳米线有序阵列光偏振的数值计算结果.进一步分析了阵列在可见—红外波段上显示光偏振的原因.通过适当选择纳米线的直径与间距,可以获得较大的消光比和较小的插入损耗,从而为设计纳米线栅偏振器提供最佳工艺参数     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.