From MARC to BIBFRAME 2.0: Crosswalks

ABSTRACT

One of the big challenges facing academic libraries today is to increase the relevance of the libraries to their user communities. If the libraries can increase the visibility of their resources on the open web, it will increase the chances of the libraries to reach to their user communities via the user's first search experience. BIBFRAME and library Linked Data will enable libraries to publish their resources in a way that the Web understands, consume Linked Data to enrich their resources relevant to the libraries' user communities, and visualize networks across collections. However, one of the important steps for transitioning to BIBFRAME and library Linked Data involves crosswalks, mapping MARC fields and subfields across data models and performing necessary data reformatting to be in compliance with the specifications of the new model, which is currently BIBFRAME 2.0. This article looks into how the Library of Congress has mapped library bibliographic data from the MARC format to the BIBFRAME 2.0 model and vocabulary published and updated since April 2016, available from http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/docs/index.html based on the recently released conversion specifications and converter, developed by the Library of Congress with input from many community members. The BIBFRAME 2.0 standard and conversion tools will enable libraries to transform bibliographic data from MARC into BIBFRAME 2.0, which introduces a Linked Data model as the improved method of bibliographic control for the future, and make bibliographic information more useful within and beyond library communities.     

MARC to BIBFRAME: Converting the PCC to Linked Data

Abstract

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) has formal relationships with the Library of Congress (LC), Share-VDE, and Linked Data for Production Phase 2 (LD4P2) for work on Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), and PCC institutions have been very active in the exploration of MARC to BIBFRAME conversion processes. This article will review the involvement of PCC in the development of BIBFRAME and examine the work of LC, Share-VDE, and LD4P2 on MARC to BIBFRAME conversion. It will conclude with a discussion of areas for further exploration by the PCC leading up to the creation of PCC conversion specifications and PCC BIBFRAME data.     

The Road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into a Post-MARC Future

This article provides a representative overview of literature related to the idea of replacing MARC with a linked-data metadata structure, covering the period from 2002 through the 2012 release of the draft of the proposed bibliographic framework, BIBFRAME. Works proposing the replacement of MARC or exploring linked data in a library context are examined. In particular, key documents leading to the creation of the Library of Congress Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative are examined, along with some of the critical responses they received, to better understand the chain of ideas shaping BIBFRAME.     

BIBFRAME对丛编的编码方法分析

BIBFRAME为处理丛编定义了特定的丛编元素,根据LC的MARC 21到BIBFRAME 2.0转换规范,并利用BIBFRAME比较工具,分析BIBFRAME对丛编的转换方法,包括:丛编描述、丛编作品构建、丛编题名检索点、丛编关系构建。PCC的BIBFRAME处理丛编方法与LC的转换方法在丛编描述和丛编关系构建上存在差异。随着BIBFRAME的不断发展完善,丛编的处理可能发生变化。     

走向开放关联的图书馆数据

关联数据为图书馆资源开放与关联提供了新的技术环境和发展契机。在W3C图书馆关联数据孵化小组LLD的系列报告基础上,系统评述图书馆数据的类型与应用,提出图书馆关联数据的宏观语义模型并作分层论述,总结先导项目的探索经验,最后对开放关联过程中的若干关键问题进行识别。     

The European Union CASA (Co-Operative Archive of Serials and Articles) Project

Abstract

CASA is a project to develop a European metacatalog of serials and articles for both professional users (such as ISSN centers, bibliographic agencies, union catalogs, libraries, and publishers) and end users. The ISSN network will be the nucleus of the project, with ISSN centers being able to take advantage of telematic applications to exchange data, but union catalogs will also benefit. Moreover, users will be able to access a serials services directory, allowing them to find articles and supplying them with value-added data.     

书目框架(BIBFRAME)在中文书目数据中的应用范式探讨

[目的/意义]探讨BIBFRAME在中文书目数据环境中的应用范式。[方法/过程]通过对BIBFRAME国内外相关文献进行检索,对实际应用进行调研,综合运用归纳、分析、移植等研究方法,对CNMARC模型和格式进行剖析。[结果/结论]解决好数据模型、内容规则、元数据架构和词汇等问题,就从格式、模型、互操作、技术环境等层面为中文书目数据应用BIBFRAME框架提供了研究和实践范式。BIBFRAME要应用于中文书目数据环境,宜从以下两方面着手开展具体工作:积极开展关于新型编目框架的理论研究;基于BIBFRAME开源工具进行本地化应用及二次开发。     

The Canadian Linked Data Initiative: Charting a Path to a Linked Data Future

ABSTRACT

This article is a preliminary report on the work of the Canadian Linked Data Initiative (CLDI), a collaboration between five of Canada’s largest research libraries, Library and Archives Canada, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, and Canadiana.org. Although still in its nascent stage, participating institutions are working together to advance the technical services divisions of our libraries in the area of linked data. Project working groups are making progress in five main areas: grant funding, digital collections, education and training, legacy metadata enhancement, and in the evaluation and adaptation of Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative tools. By working across geographic and institutional boundaries, the CLDI aims to chart a path to a new age of technical services, one based on the foundation of Linked Open Data.     

图书馆关联数据：机会与挑战

关联数据在图书馆领域具有广泛的应用前景,通过采用关联数据技术,图书馆有机会在未来语义网建设中发挥主导性作用。图书馆应用关联数据具有潜在的四个基本模式:发布、消费、服务和平台。关联数据的应用会使机器成为图书馆的重要服务对象,图书馆不仅要为人服务,而且也要为机器服务,这将带来一系列的机遇和挑战。     

图书馆语义化组织现状及对策研究——以国家图书馆实施情况为例

关联数据作为语义网的轻量化实现方式在国际图书馆界如火如荼地展开,越来越多的图书馆机构将数据发布为关联数据。文章基于“文献资源描述和组织框架”详细梳理国家图书馆在语义化描述与组织方面的研究成果和实施情况,总结其资源描述、本体构建、关联开放网络构建等方面的探索现状,分析其当前存在的一些问题,并从多粒度信息组织、本体、质量管理等角度,提出相应的优化措施与建议。     

关联数据:概念、技术及应用展望

概述了关联数据概念的提出、基本内涵、技术实现和当前国内外的研究应用状况,对其在图书馆行业的应用作了简要介绍,点评了国内该领域的研究开发情况,重点阐述了对于图书馆在Web上发布书目数据和规范数据的重要意义,认为关联数据与网络时代的图书情报工作关系密切,是互联网发展到语义网时代,对网上资源和数字对象进行"编目"和"规范控制"的基础性技术,是数字图书馆进行信息资源发布和服务的核心技术之一。最后作者呼吁我国图书情报界重视这一技术,及早投入一定的资源和人力进行研究开发和应用推广,使图书馆大量的权威数据在互联网上占据一席之地。     

关联数据在国外图书馆中的应用及其借鉴意义

关联数据自国外提出以来,逐渐得到发展。国外图书馆最早应用关联数据进行书目数据的联接和发布,比较典型的是美国国会图书馆和瑞典国家图书馆。我国对关联数据的研究尚处于初始阶段,国外图书馆应用关联数据的宝贵经验对于我国图书馆界具有较大的借鉴意义。     

关联数据发布技术及其实现——以Drupal为例

关联数据是一种轻量级的语义网实现技术,其重要价值在于通过RDF数据模型,将网络上的非结构化数据和采用不同标准的结构化数据转换成遵循统一标准的结构化数据,以便机器理解。文章梳理了关联数据的实现方式,目前关联数据的发布模式有:静态发布、批量存储、调用时生成、事后转换(D2R),发布关联数据的工具包括:VoID词表、前端转换工具、OWL及SKOS相关工具、Web services、Web应用框架、CMS及RDFa。并详细介绍了开源CMS平台Drupal。Drupal作为一直关注语义网技术的开源CMS平台,其高度模块化的架构为实现关联数据的发布打下了良好的基础,RDF、SPARQL、SPARQL_Endpoint及其周边模块构成了一套较为成熟的关联数据发布与消费的框架,最后利用该框架实现将"中国历史纪年和公元纪年对照表"发布成关联数据。     

Electronic Serials Cataloging: Now That We're Here,What Do We Do?

Summary

Many aspects of electronic serials cataloging have not yet developed standard practice, or are still in transition. This article will explore some problematic issues in electronic serials cataloging first by presenting current CONSER policy in these areas and then by examining the practices of three institutions who are cataloging electronic serials. For brevity, the term “electronic serial” will be used to mean “remote access computer file serial” unless the more specific term is needed for clarity. The five topics covered in this discussion are: Access and Location Information, Multiple Versions, Definition of Electronic Serial, Bibliographic Access Points and Display of Computer File Characteristics.