构建野外生存生活训练课程体系的理论与实验研究

采用文献资料法、调查访问法、教学实践法、归纳分析法、数理统计等方法,对浙江工商大学2个学期野外生存生活训练课程的教学实践进行考察,同时对普通高校构建野外生存生活训练课程提供可借鉴的理论与实践依据,从而优化体育课程体系,不断完善体育课程建设,培养全面发展的高素质人才进行有益探索。     

我国高校野外生存生活训练课程研究现状分析

本文以我国野外生存生活训练课程研究学术论文为研究对象，从时间分布、期刊分布、课题情况、作者分布、研究方法和研究内容等方面对我国野外生存生活生活训练课程研究现状进行了分析。结果表明，在野外生存生活课程日益受到学者、各类课题和期刊重视的同时。也存在课程实践偏少的情况。提出部分有条件的高校应开设野外生存生活训练课程，并建设野外生存生活训练课程实践基地，同时也不能偏离高校体育改革与发展的方向。     

体育课程实施中的异变问题研究

为推动我国体育课程实施理论与实践的发展，采用文献资料法等研究方法，对体育课程实施中的“异变”问题进行初步探讨。研究认为：对体育课程实施问题的研究尚未引起体育学界的足够重视；体育课程在实施中发生“异变”有其必然性，根据其正负效应可分为超越性异变与衰退性异变两种类型：导致体育课程实施产生“异变”的因素是多方而的；住体育课程的实施中应采取措施趋利避害，以促进超越性异变。     

浙江省高校野外生活生存训练教师专业化现状调查与分析

以新《课程纲要》对教师专业化要求为依据,结合高校野外生活生存训练课程特点,采用文献法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对浙江省高校野外生活生存教师专业化现状进行调查与分析。结果发现：浙江省高校野外生活生存教师的专业思想和理念、专业知识结构、专业技能和专业情意现状与新《课程纲要》的要求有不同程度的差距,教师专业化发展有较大的空间。据此提出了浙江省高校野外生活生存训练教师专业化发展建议。     

沿海高校开设海岛生存生活训练课程的研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法，结合厦门大学开展野外生存生活训练课程的教学实践，总结了开设海岛生存生活训练课程的经验和体会，介绍了开设海岛生存生活训练课程的设计与组织实施、课程目标。结果表明：开展大学生野外生存生活训练课程是实现体育课程目标的有效手段之一。海岛生存生活训练是野外生活生存训练的一个分支，海岛生存生活训练课程具有全新的教学理念、教学内容和组织形式，突破了传统体育课程的封闭格局，有效地增强了体育课程的实效性和趣味性，完善了高校体育课程体系，对深化高校体育改革具有重要意义。     

农林院校开设“野外生存生活训练”课程实验研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和教学实验法,对野外生存生活训练在农林院校的开展进行理论分析和实验研究。结论：华中农业大学的野外生存生活训练课程实验,实现了既定课程目标,学生的身心健康水平及参加体育活动的兴趣较实验前出现显著性差异;以校园为主体开展野外生存生活训练课程可以开发体育课程的时空资源。     

宁夏普通高校野外生存课程开展现状研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地考察法和数理分析法,以宁夏地区已经开设野外生存课程的高校为研究对象,对宁夏地区普通高校野外生存课程开设现状进调查研究,发现在课程开设、授课教师、教学场地、课程设置与教学形式方面,不同高校之间都存在明显的区别。     

构建高校野外生存生活训练课程安全体系的理论研究

以安全理论为支撑,以课程教学实践为依据,运用文献法、调查法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,在分析大学生野外生存生活训练课程教学实践特殊性和课程安全体系建立必要性的基础上,提出了这门拓展课程安全体系的建构原则,进而从理论上构建了一个开放的、动态的、多元的大学生野外生存生活训练课程安全体系的框架。该体系包括专业培训、安全管理、安全监督、应急救援和风险保障5个方面。     

挑战性体育课程对大学生健康的影响

本研究通过在体育课教学中进行野外生存生活训练内容的教学实验,与传统的体育教学比较,得出野外生存生活训练对大学生的健康有积极的促进作用.此课程不仅是对传统体育课程内容和形式的改革和补充,也为普通高校的体育课程与教学改革、普及野外生存生活训练课提供参考依据.     

大学生野外生存生活训练课程教学实践研究——以（武汉）中国地质大学为个案研究

采用文献资料、实验、逻辑思维等方法，对中国地质大学野外生存生活训练课程进行了实验研究。研究认为，野外生存生活训练课程完全符合高校体育课程改革的趋势，是实现高校体育课程目标的有效手段之一，也是改善大学生体质健康的有效途径之一，并在此基础上，提出了野外生存生活训练课程设计需要注意的几个问题，旨在为我国高校体育课程的改革提供实践参考。     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。