Video Preservation and Digital Reformatting: Pain and Possibility

SUMMARY

The digital library community is increasingly concerned with long-term preservation of digital materials. This concern presents an opportunity for strategic alliances between digital library units and preservation departments confronting the difficulties inherent in preservation reformatting of moving image materials. However, successful collaboration between digital library and preservation departments may require adjustments to the work practices of each group, including their creation and management of metadata and their definition of acceptable practice with respect to preservation reformatting.     

美国国会图书馆在数字信息长期保存中的领导作用

在美国进行的数字信息长期保存活动中，国会图书馆发挥着重要的领导作用。其具体表现在以下三个方面：美国数字信息长期保存活动的领导者和促进者；数字信息长期保存行动计划的制定者；全国性的数字信息长期保存网络的构建者。     

Public sector readiness for digital preservation in New Zealand: The rate of adoption of an innovation in records management practices

Recent legislation in New Zealand has placed statutory obligations on its government organizations to introduce sound records management practices and to ensure long-term access to their digital records. To obtain a base level of knowledge on current digital preservation practices and on awareness of digital preservation issues, an online survey was conducted of the nation's government organizations in March 2006. The survey, which achieved a response rate of 42.4%, found that most organizations were knowledgeable about basic aspects of their digital resources but their awareness of digital preservation was generally low, and digital preservation activity was modest overall. To identify possible reasons for this situation, Rogers' (Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press. 2003) Diffusion of Innovations model is used to discuss digital preservation as an innovation and the level of readiness for digital preservation as the innovation's rate of adoption. The paper concludes by using Rogers' model as the basis for making recommendations aimed at helping the government's lead agencies to increase New Zealand's public sector readiness for digital preservation.     

Digital Archiving and Preservation: Technologies and Processes for a Trusted Repository

SUMMARY

This article examines what is implied by the term “trusted” in the phrase “trusted digital repositories.” Digital repositories should be able to preserve electronic materials for periods at least comparable to existing preservation methods. Our collective lack of experience with preserving digital objects and consensus about the reliability of our technological infrastructure raises questions about how we should proceed with digital-based preservation practices, an emerging role for academic libraries and archival institutions. This article reviews issues relating to building a trusted digital repository, highlighting some of the issues raised and possible solutions proposed by the authors in their work of implementing and acculturating a digital repository at Rutgers University Libraries.     

数字资源长期保存模式比较

图书馆购买数字资源的长期保存涉及法律、技术、管理、经济等多方面复杂问题,到目前为止,并没找到切实有效的方式,而是在运行不同的存档模式。本文试图通过对国外两个比较成功的数字资源长期保存模式的比较,寻找最佳实践经验。     

数字资源长期保存：当前进展和最佳实践——2007年数字资源长期保存国际会议（iPRES2007）综述

系统而全面地回顾iPRES2007数字资源长期保存国际会议,从数字资源长期保存的战略计划与基础设施、相关管理问题、技术研究与实践、认证与评估、教育与培训5个方面介绍研究和实践的进展情况，深入分析并总结已有的经验和教训，并就面临的问题和下一步发展进行探讨。     

Convergence,connectivity, ephemeral and performed: new characteristics of digital photographs

The recent convergence of digital cameras into mobile phones with Internet connectivity has provided the opportunity for individuals and organisations to adopt new image-making practices. The widespread use of photo-sharing and social networking platforms for sharing, accessing and storing digital photographs is presenting scholars in the social sciences with new areas of research that address the nature of digital photography. By examining the technological, social and cultural factors involved in contemporary image-making practices, scholars are presenting new concepts regarding the characteristics of digital photographs that impact archival activities aimed at managing and preserving trustworthy digital records. This article identifies and discusses the key concepts emerging from social science research on digital photography that are most relevant to the archival field. Analysis of the findings of these studies suggests that new technologies and social practices are changing how people use digital photographs and their expectations of permanence. Therefore, archivists need to be engaged in interdisciplinary discussions regarding the evolution of photographic practices and emerging characteristics of digital photographs in order to anticipate the management and preservation activities required to protect contemporary visual records for future use.     

哈佛大学图书馆的文献保护体系

美国哈佛大学图书馆系统的文献保护机构主要包括哈佛储存图书馆、韦斯曼文献保护中心和哈佛学院图书馆文献保护与成像部;所开展的文献保护工作包括环境控制与日常维护、灾难预案与灾后恢复、载录格式转换、文献修复、培训与教育、数字资源的长期保存等;体现了哈佛大学图书馆系统文献保护工作体系完备、分工合作的特点。     

《国际编目原则声明》的几点重要修改

论述《国际编目原则声明》在总原则、目录的功能、著录、检索点等方面的重要修改。     

美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践与启示

[目的/意义]介绍美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践，为我国图书馆数字资源保存工作提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]从组织架构、政策与资金支持、技术服务平台及项目的特点等方面对美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践进行对比分析，归纳总结数字保存的方法与经验。[结果/结论]获得的启示包括：利用全国高校图工委各级组织开展自上而下的宣传教育；建立可持续发展的资金支持机制；在合作基础上开展试点项目；评估本机构的数字保存现状并明确数字保存的需求；参考数字资源保存的成熟案例制定数字保存政策；选用合适的技术平台与服务。     

Hurry Up,Please. It's Time—State of Emergency

This article explores the ethics of preservation, both as they have been traditionally established and as they might apply to current and future digital preservation efforts. The first part of the article reviews the literature of the past two decades to see how the preservation community has defined the ethical dimensions of its work, as well as developed guidelines to support an ethical practice. The second part considers digital preservation and the ways it both extends and complicates established ethical tenets. Digital preservation challenges the library community to revisit fundamental preservation practices and responsibilities. Our ability to come to consensus on these issues will be critical for the public's continued trust in our roles as stewards of the cultural record.     

数字资源保存的研究进展、热点与前沿

文章首先辨析了数字资源保存的概念,介绍了数字资源保存的发展史和国内外研究现状。然后利用CitespaceⅡ可视化分析工具和方法构建领域知识基础（指引文）的时间序列演化图谱和时区演化图谱,并结合绘制的领域发展趋势图,分析了数字资源保存的研究进展。同时利用CitespaceⅡ可视化分析工具和方法绘制术语与关键词的混合共现网络和引文共被引聚类知识图谱,识别出数字资源保存的研究热点U,并利用爆发词或突变词探测方法探测数字资源保存的研究前沿。最后针对图书情报与档案管理学科关注最多的研究热点——数字资源长期保存,从研究主题、最佳实践、保存周期、保存技术和方法、保存策略等几个重要方面解读数字资源长期保存的研究进展。     

共建共享数字资源的可持续利用研究

在广泛借鉴国外经验的基础上,讨论了数字资源长期保存机制的建立,当前许可证制度框架下数字资源可持续利用的对策,数字信息保存的技术问题和数字信息保存示范项目;提出我国图书馆联盟应尽早重视共建共享数字信息的有效保存和可持续利用问题,发挥联盟的力量和优势,积极开展相关研究,制订标准和规范,建立共建共享数字信息保存的先导和示范项目。     

Creation and Long-term Preservation of Digital Multimedia Resources: Some Preliminary Practices

This paper gives a comprehensive introduction of National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project.It discusses the best practices in creation and long-term preservation of multimedia digital resources,and recommends solutions to the key issues in resource selection,standards & specifications and copyright.     

构建我国数字保存的框架体系

数字信息长期保存的复杂挑战使得构建国家层面数字保存的框架体系成为必须。本文论述了框架体系构建的法定基础和现实基础,构建了我国完整的数字保存框架体系,描述了保存原则、管理机构以及各组成部分的工作内容,为我国数字保存行动的全面进行提供了理论基础。     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

Emulation for Digital Preservation in Practice:the Results

In recent years, opinions have varied on which digital preservation strategy to follow. Although the digital preservation community has now embraced the idea of applying both emulation as well as migration in their strategies, emulation is still looked upon with skepticism due to its technical complexity and initial costs. As early as in 2004, the Koninklijke Bibliotheek - National Library of the Netherlands (KB) - and National Archive of the Netherlands acknowledged the need for emulation, especially for rendering complex digital objects in the future without affecting their authenticity and integrity. For these reasons, a project was started to investigate the feasibility of emulation by developing and testing an emulator designed for digital preservation purposes. In July 2007 this project ended and delivered a durable x86 component based computer emulator: Dioscuri, the emulator for digital preservation.     

图书馆数字资源长期保存的技术措施限制与例外研究——基于著作权保护“技术路径”的考量

著作权技术措施保护带来的权利扩张使图书馆数字资源长期保存面临挑战。自1996年WCT和WPPT确立技术措施保护制度设计以来,欧美著作权立法在落实这一原则的同时都增加了面向图书馆的技术措施限制与例外,以适应数字时代图书馆发展的需要。文章基于对技术措施性质及著作权技术措施保护立法理论的分析,比较了美国、欧盟以及我国相关立法实践,认为我国现行著作权法中技术措施保护与图书馆数字保存之间存在不适应性,建议在法律修订时考虑增加可适用于图书馆的技术措施限制与例外条款。