青少年古典式摔跤运动员运动智能训练探析

古典式摔跤运动员青少年阶段的训练主要目标是完善专项技术、提高生理机能,同时培养运动员运动智能水平。运动员青少年时期是运动智能培养的重要阶段,直接影响其运动生涯的发展能力。因此,如何充分认识青少年古典式摔跤运动员运动智能培养的意义,如何培养青少年古典式摔跤运动员的运动智能能力,是广大青少年运动员和教练员需要迫切解决的问题,同时也是提高运动训练科学化水平的重要途径。     

浅谈青少年皮艇运动员的基本功训练

根据全国青少年皮艇教学训练大纲的要求和青少年的生理、心理发展的特征,13—15岁的少年最适合从事皮艇运动的训练,本人结合自身十多年的教学实践,采用个体跟踪培训,对青少年皮艇运动员的基本功训练做一番探讨与尝试。     

PBL训练模式在青少年运动员技术训练中的应用

<正>长期以来,青少年运动员训练过程中教练员多注重专项素质能力的培养,忽略了对青少年运动员在掌握技术上的思维能力培养。当前,部分青少年教练员还在采用"注入式"的训练方法使运动员在训练中形成依赖,较大程度上限制了青少年运动员自主获取和灵活运用知识的能力。传统的训练模式是教练员掌握的运动理论知识和专项技能,不断积累和传授,这种方法可以使运动员少走弯路,使运动员一步一步、完完整整地把专项技术动作学好,但是这样培养出来的运动员"胆子小,教练没讲过的不敢想,教练没教过的不敢做"[1]。而且这种训练模式是把教练员放在主体地位,     

对青少年运动员实施动作概念教学的心理学意义

对青少年运动员实施动作概念教学，符合青少年运动员的思维发展水平，有利于培养他们在运动技能学习过程中的自我认知评价能力，提高教学质量。在专项技术动作的教学中，教练员以动作要领代替动作概念教学的方法，落后于青少年运动员的思维发展水平，不利于青少年运动员专项运动技能水平的提高。     

浅谈青少年运动智商培养的探究--以基层体校篮球运动员为例

青少年运动员身体机能和生理水平正处于学习动作技术的黄金时期,作为教练员要充分利用这段黄金时间教授项目所需的动作技术和项目战术,同时教练员要全方位训练运动员,要避免"偏科"运动员的出现。教练员还要重视运动智商的培养,降低"文盲"和"高分低能"高水平运动员出现的比例。通过分析青少年运动智商培养的内容和影响因素,为基层教练员全方位训练运动员提供理论参考。     

云南省青少年网球运动发展现状与对策研究

优秀运动员在成长过程中,青少年时期至关重要。本文针对云南省青少年网球运动发展现状,通过对云南省青少年网球运动员与教练员进行调查,运用文献法、调查问卷法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等多种方法进行研究,对云南省青少年网球运动员人数多但训练年龄较短、运动员参加的比赛级别较低、教练员较少且科研能力不强、监控方式落后等问题,提出相应措施。例如,贯彻“体教融合”方针,促进“网球进校园”活动开展,健全网球人才培养体系建设,开展网球教练员相关培训,提高教练员的综合素质等。本文旨在为云南省青少年网球运动发展提出建议,带动云南省及周边地区青少年网球运动开展。     

女子皮艇运动员静态平衡能力与核心力量浅析

以辽宁省女子皮艇队运动员和营口市水上运动学校女子青少年运动员各15名为研究对象,采用Best Poise V1.0平衡能力测试系统和八级腹桥测试评分,分别测试运动员的静态平衡能力和核心力量,考察不同水平运动员平衡能力和核心力量的差别,为女子皮艇运动员的核心力量训练提供参考。     

少年篮球运动员的个人防守训练

近几年来,我国提出“重防守训练”,为少年运动员的训练指明了方向。然而,防守思想在我国仍停在口号上,几年的CBA最有价值选手评选更侧重于进攻能力,尤其是青少年运动员。教练员也把精力集中于队员个人进攻技术与能力培养上,轻视防守的思想阻碍了青少年运动员的发展。     

培养体育后备人才试点中学技能训练安排现状分析

运动员的竞技能力主要由体能、技能、心理能力和智能组成。竞技能力的好坏直接影响运动成绩,对试点中学技能训练的指导思想、训练方法手段的选择和运动负荷的安排进行科学化程度的分析,为试点中学运动训练水平的提高有着重要 的意义。技能训练是由技术训 　　一、技术训练安排分析练和战术训练组成的。 　　运动技术是充分发挥运动员机体能力的合理有效的完成动作的方法。青少年时期是学习技术动作的有利时期,教练员在技术训练中的指导思想、训练方法手段的选择对技术水平的提高有重要作用。 　　(一 )技术训练中教练员指导思想分析 表 3…     

中美青少年运动训练的差异及思考

根据"美国运动教育计划"及我国的运动训练学、教练员岗位培训、教育学和学校体育学等书籍和教材,比较两国青少年运动训练的目的、任务、思路、评价以及教练员工作等各方面的差异.美国青少年的训练目的是"运动员第一,胜利第二",而我国则更强调提高运动成绩,夺取比赛的胜利.美国青少年训练采用的比赛入门法,教授的基本思路是在比赛的基础上学习战术进而技术,而我国的训练思路则是在传授技术的基础上,让学生学习战术进而进行比赛.美国的教练员评价队员时,重点看他们是否努力比上次表现有所提高,而我国对运动训练评价的标准就是运动成绩.美国教练员的职责不仅是技战术教学,还帮助青少年运动员在生理和心理两方面做好准备,而我国运动训练中却过度强调教练员的主体地位,甚至把运动员机械地看作被控制的对象.中美两国虽然制度迥异,但美国青少年训练理念及教练员工作充分体现了运动员第一的思想,其在青少年运动训练方面的经验值得我国借鉴.     

我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价

目的:探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价方法,为制定针对性的训练计划提供参考。方法:以备战伦敦奥运会国家皮划艇队运动员为研究对象,包括8名男子皮艇、7名女子皮艇和6名划艇运动员。利用皮划艇测功仪采用逐级递增负荷至力竭测最大摄氧量、利用4级1 000 m递增强度划船测试乳酸阈(4 mmol/l对应的船速)。结果:伦敦奥运周期我国优秀男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员的绝对最大摄氧量分别为(5.25±0.22)l/min、(3.58±0.22)l/min、(4.85±0.13)l/min;相对最大摄氧量分别为(57.28±3.8 1)ml/(kg·min-1)、(50.92±3.78)ml/(kg·min-1)、(54.72±5.3)1ml/(kg·min-1),,经过3个月训练后男子皮艇和划艇运动员最大摄氧量无明显变化,女子皮艇运动员明显提高;男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员乳酸阈船速经过3个月的训练后都明显提高,提高幅度分别为11.92%、3.77%和14.37%。结论:我国伦敦周期优秀皮划艇运动员的最大摄氧量高于国际优秀皮划艇运动员的平均水平,和最大摄氧量比较,乳酸阈表现出更好的训练可塑性,能够更为准确的反映皮划艇运动员有氧能力的动态变化。     

浙江省青少年跆拳道比赛中腿法得分的统计与分析

文章采用现场统计法,对浙江省青少年跆拳赛技术运用情况进行了统计与分析,发现青少年男女运动员腿法运用情况基本相似,都是以横踢为主,只是男子在高难度动作上稍微突出一些;高水平的运动员各个技术动作的运用比较全面,而青少年技术使用比较单调。说明浙江省青少年运动员的技术水平和国家级有较大的差距,今后应重视青少年基本技术的全面训练,以提高整体水平为主。     

Left ventricular morphology and function in endurance-trained female athletes

In this study,we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n=12; cyclists, n=12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7 3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0?+\- 3.8 kg, controls 45.0?+\- 5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102?+\- 13 ml, cyclists 103?+\0 16 ml, controls 80?+\- 15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls.     

Left ventricular morphology and function in endurance-trained female athletes.

In this study, we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n = 12; cyclists, n = 12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7+/-3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0+/-3.8 kg, controls 45.0+/-5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102+/-13 ml, cyclists 103+/-16 ml, controls 80+/-15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls.     

Concentric left ventricular morphology in aerobically trained kayak canoeists

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n = 10), moderately active (n = 10) and sedentary men (n = 10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were approximately 0.2 cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P < 0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P < 0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals.     

Concentric left ventricular morphology in aerobically trained kayak canoeists

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n?=?10), moderately active (n?=?10) and sedentary men (n?=?10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were ～0.2?cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P?<?0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P?<?0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals.     

少年田径运动员成就目标的发展特点

为探讨少年田径运动员成就目标的发展特点，对广西334名少年田径运动员的成就目标进行了分析。少年田径运动员的成就目标的性别主效应显著，女运动员的掌握目标高于男运动员，男运动员的成绩目标高于女运动员：训练年限主效应也达到了显著水平，随着训练年限的增加，掌握目标的发展呈下降趋势，成绩目标的发展呈上升趋势；成绩目标的运动等级主效应显著，三级运动员的成绩目标显著高于二级运动员；少年田径运动员的主导目标为掌握目标。结论：少年田径运动员的成就目标受后天环境影响较大。建议在培养少年田径运动员的成就目标定向时，应帮助运动员树立能力增长观，在运动训练过程中多设置掌握定向氛围。     

皮划艇运动员冬训水上多级递增负荷测试分析

通过实验法等研究方法对某省皮划艇队6名运动员进行冬季水上多级递增负荷测试,对测试结果进行了统计分析,研究认为该队的基本能力和专项技术还有待提高,并提出了改进的建议。     

辽宁省皮划艇队夏训水上多级负荷测试分析

运用实验法和专家咨询法对辽宁省皮划艇队12名运动员进行了水上多级递增负荷测试,对测试结果进行了统计分析,研究认为辽宁省皮划艇运动员基础有氧耐力和专项耐力水平不高,提出了改进不足的建议。     

Physiological responses to 1000-m ergometer time-trial performance in outrigger canoeing

Graded exercise tests are commonly used to assess peak physiological capacities of athletes. However, unlike time trials, these tests do not provide performance information. The aim of this study was to examine the peak physiological responses of female outrigger canoeists to a 1000-m ergometer time trial and compare the time-trial performance to two graded exercise tests performed at increments of 7.5 W each minute and 15 W each two minutes respectively. 17 trained female outrigger canoeists completed the time trial on an outrigger canoe ergometer with heart rate (HR), stroke rate, power output, and oxygen consumption (VO2) determined every 15 s. The mean (+/- s) time-trial time was 359 +/- 33 s, with a mean power output of 65 +/- 16 W and mean stroke rate of 56 +/- 4 strokes min(-1). Mean values for peak VO2, peak heart rate, and mean heart rate were 3.17 +/- 0.67 litres min(-1), 177 +/- 11 beats min(-1), and 164 +/- 12 beats min(-1) respectively. Compared with the graded exercise tests, the time-trial elicited similar values for peak heart rate, peak power output, peak blood lactate concentration, and peak VO2. As a time trial is sport-specific and can simultaneously quantify sprint performance and peak physiological responses in outrigger canoeing, it is suggested that a time trial be used by coaches for crew selection as it doubles as a reliable performance measure and a protocol for monitoring peak aerobic capacity of female outrigger canoeists.