政治话语缝隙中闪现的民间原型——对歌剧《白毛女》的原型批评解读

一、原型、民间原型和歌剧《白毛女》 原型是原型批评的核心概念，对原型的鉴别至今尚有不少争议，笔较赞同陕师大的李继凯教授在《民间原型的再造》一中的阐述：“‘民话雏形’较为准确的揭示了‘原型’这一概念的真正含义，并且较中国化。”故而李继凯教授在中应用“民间原型”这一概念，它可以“较全面的包括民间的生活原型、风俗原型、信仰原型、环境（生态）原型等，既避免了过分强调‘神话’而导致的‘泛神话主义’，又可尽量避免了学批评的‘考古癖’”。在此，笔借用“民间原型”这一术语试图中国化地使用“原型批评”这一批评模式。     

从宗教角度窥视人性原始因素——原型批评的宗教性与核心价值

在20世纪西方文学批评的多元格局中，原型批评不仅影响极大，而且还标志着文学思潮从形式主义回返到对人类原初的基本文化形态的关注和推崇，并通过这种关注和张扬，力图从人类原初的基本文化形态中窥视人性原始的因素。原型批评这种理论专注使原型批评与宗教有了难以分割的关系，或者可以说，原型批评影响的力度和广度都是基于它与宗教的一体性，并由此决定了它的特性与核心价值。     

原型重释——对当下原型定义的一点补充

国内近20年关于原型探讨主要是围绕着原型批评进行，这在一定程度上就忽略了荣格理论本身，并且荣格的原型理论与原型批评因分属于不同的学科领域，因而也不能将二简单的等同，基于此，重新梳理荣格的原型思想就成为一种必要。荣格对原型的阐释，不是确定的，而是不断发展和变化的，因而我们应该充分利用他对原型的每一次思考，将原型看作一个系统，来审视它的意义和存在价值。最后指出这种理解对中国艺理论的理论层面的启示有着十分积极的意义。     

《生命中不能承受之轻》的原型批评解读

本文运用原型批评这一文学批评模式,分析《生命中不能承受之轻》这部作品中的神话以及《圣经》原型意象,以期使读者更准确地了解作者的独特创作技巧和创作思想,增强小说的阅读性。     

荣格的原型理论与中国月亮意象之比较研究

荣格的原型理论在20世纪的神话原型批评研究中具有重要作用。章分析了荣格原型意象理论，并与中国古代学中的月亮意象进行了比较研究。     

论原型批评在文学作品分析中的运用

原型批评作为文学作品分析的方法拓展了文学分析的空间，有利于揭开文学中深奥的思想和人类深层心理的奥秘。在今天的文艺批评领域中，原型批评仍然有重要的意义，值得研究和探讨。     

论当代中国文化研究中的原型批评思潮

原型批评理论从20世纪80年代中期传入中国后，以其方法论的性质和与中国传统学问路数的相似性、民族心态的适应性等，在文学研究乃至整个文化领域产生了极大影响，取得了诸多批评实践业绩、进而形成思潮。但由于外来理论和研究者素质等因素，原型批评理论在实际操作中也有很多不适和失误。     

神话原型理论与《鬼魂列车》

文章概述了神话原型理论,并且分析了该理论在加拿大华裔作家余兆昌短篇小说《鬼魂列车》中的运用。原型的运用使得读者可以从多视角多角度来阅读小说,通过小说一直被剥夺了声音的华工们获得了历史发言权,作品也可以看作是对华工们所遭受的非人待遇的对比批评。     

论安徒生童话中的若干原型

本文以荣格的原型理论为基础，运用原型批评方法分析了安徒生童话中的受难原型、阿尼玛原型、曼茶罗原型和炼金石原型，从心理学尤其是潜意识心理学的角度揭示童话中的原型所蕴含的人格达成、心灵整合的深层寓意。     

《莱尼和他们》中的神话原型

原型批评是西方文学史上非常重要的流派之一,它为人们提供了分析文学作品的新视角。《莱尼和他们》是海因里希.伯尔最著名的作品之一,小说中采用了大量的神话原型,比如人物原型、主题原型和意象原型等。文章主要应用弗莱的原型批评理论分析《莱尼和他们》中所体现的神话原型。     

故国之思 亡国之痛——两首《永遇乐》之比较

李清照《永遇乐》词写成百余年后,刘辰翁依其声律,写就另一首《永遇乐》,因此两词有许多共同之处。但从历史背景、情感、结构、手法、语言等方面深入钻研,则可析出许多细微差别。     

基于nRF24LE1的无线温度监测系统

无线温度监测系统实现了短距离分布式的多点温度监测功能,系统温度监测、收集及处理模块由nRF24LE1、DS18B20和STC12C5A32等构成,nRF24LE1是目前世界上最小、集成度最高的单片超低功耗2.4G射频系统芯片,DS18B20是单线数字化智能集成温度传感器,STC12C5A32是新一代双串口低功耗增强型51单片机,由以上核心器件构成有线与无线相结合的联网系统在文中给出了系统功能和软硬件设计方案,通过对实际系统的测试和运行,已实现了短距离多点温度数据采集、无线传输和集中监测的功能。     

Connecting instructional and cognitive aspects of an LE: A study of the global seminar project

My research problem is based on the lack of unifying conceptual cohesion between the discourses concerning cognitive and instructional aspects of learning environments (LE). I contrast that lack with practical developments of LE studies connected at the level of practical implementation and evaluation. Next, I briefly review the LE boundaries, which are established within cognitive and instructional domains of LE research. This study aims to bring the aforementioned discourses together via reconsidering and clarifying LE conceptual understandings. Using the case of a global seminar project (GSP), my goal is to define an LE as a conceptual phenomenon and a practical model with the two objectives of determining the GSP??s components that establish the course in a context of higher education; and the GSP??s specific contributions to deep learning. Within a qualitative research framework, I used three forms of data collection: 20 open-ended interviews of the GSP instructors; 11 direct observations of the GSP classroom; and the GSP??s written documents and artifacts. Noting the contextual significance of the suggested LE framework that resulted from this study, I propose a definition of an LE as a conceptual phenomenon and educational model. Here, I introduce the key understandings of an LE and outline its significance based on a broader analysis of the results. I conclude with an interpretation of the results and potential limitations of my approach.     

旋转线阵LED图文显示装置的研制

目前市场上点阵式LED显示屏存在控制系统庞大、造价过高等缺点。通过线阵LED控制和电机驱动控制这两部分的设计,来完成基于STC12LE5A16S2单片机的旋转线阵LED图文显示装置的设计。经过软硬件调试,该装置实现了同心圆显示、中英文字符显示、指针式秒表显示、转速显示、各个显示状态无线遥控切换、LED的亮度根据环境光线调整等功能。经过测试秒表走完一圈误差为0．01秒,转速误差为5％。该显示装置电路简单、显示图形稳定清晰,克服了点阵式LED显示屏的不足。     

电视娱乐节目：痛并快乐着

大众传播具有娱乐功能。“娱乐潮”的出现是电视台走向市场、争夺受众的必然选择，成为电视改变过去以传为中心格局的有益尝试，使人的游戏娱乐本性得以回归。但是，娱乐节目功能却开始失调，节目“克隆”，品位低下，过分强调功利诉求，形成“娱乐化霸权”。因此，应正视现实，开拓创新，将审美性、认知性、故事性、娱乐性完美结合。     

ERASME ET LE CHAPITRE VIII DU PREMIER PANTAGRUEL (NOVEMBRE 1532)

The author compares the social biography of members of the Protestant and Catholic clergy in Germany from the end of the 17th century until the first decades of the 19th century. Her results can be summarized in three major theses, which modify the prevailing research tendencies:

1) Both groups were tied up in comparable social and educational structures. In both cases their approach towards modernity was marked by retarding moments which means that any attempt to characterize it as ‘professionalisation’ should be made with the utmost care. 2) It was not before the beginning of the 19th century that both groups developed education courses with special emphasis on efficiency. Only in the case of the protestant group, however, the social opening incident thereto led to a ‘period of profusion’. So any assumption of a connection between social opening and an intensification of access to academic education has to be modified. 3) Neither the catholic nor the protestant understanding, of the ‘ethos of duties’ should be characterized as concurring with the state. Until the beginning of the 19th century both churches favoured an exceptional position of the clergy in society.     

Student participation in learning environment improvement: analysis of a co-design project in a Finnish upper secondary school

The present educational design research involved analysing Finnish upper secondary school students’ participation in the improvement of their psychosocial and technology-enhanced physical learning environment (LE). It examined which LE characteristics students considered important when redesigning their LE, and whether they felt that their ideas for improvement had been taken into account in the LE change process and if there was an improvement in these characteristics. A Learning Environment Design (LED) framework balancing the various LE dimensions, namely, communality and individuality, comfort and health, novelty and conventionality, was utilised in the analysis for four sets of data collected for four cycles: (a) co-design activities (students, n = 11) and (b) student feedback (n = 175); (c) professional design evaluation (students, n = 2); and (d) student satisfaction survey (n = 83). Students considered all LE dimensions important. In addition, they felt that their wishes were generally taken into account in the redesign and also they perceived an improvement in most of the LE characteristics. Student involvement helped to avoid overly radical changes, fostered a participatory culture, and contributed to understanding what students view as important to their learning and wellbeing. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the LED-framework for LE design and suggests content-related design principles to serve as a starting point in LE improvement projects involving learners.     

爱米丽和苔丝的悲剧命运探析

爱米丽和苔丝分别是《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》和《德伯家的苔丝》的女主人公。从语场和语旨入手探讨两位女主人公的悲剧命运。     

恐怖的心理历程——简评《年轻的古德曼·布朗》

霍桑是心理罗曼史的小说大师,他是一位高明的心理学家。我们可以通过弗洛伊德的潜意识理论和心理人格理论来解读小说《年轻的古德曼·布朗》的主人公布朗的故事在心理学上隐晦的意义与作者霍桑从宗教层面上去探讨的人的内心世界的隐秘之“恶”的内在联系。     

论《了不起的盖茨比》的叙述聚焦类型

《了不起的盖茨比》是美国20世纪小说家菲茨杰拉德的经典之作.他摒弃传统的写作手法,出色地把控着叙述,并将多种聚焦方式有效地结合起来,充分展现了叙事技巧所带来的艺术效果,充满耐人寻味的叙事魅力.