汉族人MBL基因ExonI 54位密码子点突变及其血浆含量相关性研究

目的:建立检测MBL基因54位密码子点突变的方法,初步调查健康汉族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,找出二者的相关性.方法:根据MBL基因序列设计引物建立MBL基因点突变检测方法即PCR-RFLP;用MBL Oligomer ELISA试剂盒测定出血浆MBL的浓度.结果:建立了特异敏感的检测MBL基因54位密码子点突变的方法,测得健康汉族人基因突变频率为0.2321;健康汉族人血浆MBL含量的平均值为1999μg/L,标准差为1505;健康汉族人血浆MBL含量与其编码基因Exon 1 54位密码子的点突变频率呈负相关,χ2=48.107,P＜0.001;r=-0.62.结论:所建立的MBL的PCR-RFLP测定点突变的方法,特异性高,重复性好,较为灵敏(最低检出量为160pgDNA);初步测定了健康汉族人的基因突变频率及其血浆MBL含量,二者呈负相关.     

汉族人MBL基因ExonI 54位密码子点突变及其血浆含量相关性研究

目的:建立检测MBL基因54位密码子点突变的方法,初步调查健康汉族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,找出二者的相关性.方法:根据MBL基因序列设计引物建立MBL基因点突变检测方法即PCR-RFLP;用MBL Oligomer ELISA试剂盒测定出血浆MBL的浓度.结果:建立了特异敏感的检测MBL基因54位密码子点突变的方法,测得健康汉族人基因突变频率为0.2321;健康汉族人血浆MBL含量的平均值为1999μg/L,标准差为1505;健康汉族人血浆MBL含量与其编码基因Exon 1 54位密码子的点突变频率呈负相关,X2=48.107,P＜0.001;r=-0.62.结论:所建立的MBL的PCRRFLP测定点突变的方法,特异性高,重复性好,较为灵敏(最低检出量为160pgDNA);初步测定了健康汉族人的基因突变频率及其血浆MBL含量,二者呈负相关.     

汉、回、蒙古族MBL基因ExonI54位密码子点突变频率及血浆含量相关性研究

目的:初步调查我国北方地区汉、回、蒙古族健康人群MBL 基因Exon Ⅰ54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,探讨二者的相关性.方法:用PCR-RFLP检测MBL基因点突变频率;用MBL Oligomer ELISA试剂盒测定血浆MBL含量.结果:健康汉族人该基因突变频率0.23,血浆MBL含量均值1.99±1.50mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.62);回族人突变频率0.15,MBL含量均值3.40±2.55mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.67);蒙古族人基因突变频率0.18,含量均值2.52±1.95mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.64).结论:健康汉、回、蒙古族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变频率与其血浆含量均呈负相关.     

汉、回、蒙古族MBL基因Exon Ⅰ 54位密码子点突变频率及血浆含量相关性研究

目的:初步调查我国北方地区汉、回、蒙古族健康人群MBL基因ExonⅠ54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,探讨二者的相关性。方法:用PCR-RFLP检测MBL基因点突变频率;用MBLOli-gomerELISA试剂盒测定血浆MBL含量。结果:健康汉族人该基因突变频率0.23,血浆MBL含量均值1.99±1.50mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.62);回族人突变频率0.15,MBL含量均值3.40±2.55mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.67);蒙古族人基因突变频率0.18,含量均值2.52±1.95mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.64)。结论:健康汉、回、蒙古族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变频率与其血浆含量均呈负相关。     

乙肝患者血浆MBL水平分析

目的:检测健康人及乙肝患者血浆中甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)水平,比较差异并评价其非特异性免疫功能.方法:采用MBL ELISA试剂盒检测健康人及乙肝患者血浆中甘露聚糖结合凝集素含量.结果:42位HBV-DNA阳性患者血浆MBL的含量为5.414±2.658mg/L,52位HBV-DNA阴性患者血浆MBL的含量为4.949±2.219mg/L,40位健康人血浆MBL的含量为2.874±1.717mg/L,HBV-DNA阳性患者与HBV-DNA阴性患者血浆MBL的含量差异无统计学意义(t=0.761,P>0.05),HBV-DNA阳性患者与健康人血浆MBL的含量差异显著(t=5.810,P<0.01),HBV-DNA阴性患者与健康人血浆MBL的含量差异显著(t=4.786,P<0.01).结论:乙肝患者血浆MBL 水平较健康人提高,说明机体分泌急性时相蛋白MBL参与机体免疫防御及监视.     

环境因素及COMT基因多态性与乳腺癌关系的病例对照研究

目的:本研究通过1:1配对的病例对照研究方法,分析外源性环境因素暴露、COMT基因多态性与乳腺癌的关系,为乳腺癌的病因学研究及防治提供科学依据.方法:采用以医院为基础1:1配比的病例对照研究.自2010年10月～2011年10月止,收集唐山市各大医院就诊的120例新发且经病理学确诊的女性乳腺癌患者,同时选取与病例同期住院非肿瘤、非生殖内分泌系统疾病的120例女性患者为对照,年龄相差在5岁以内,根据统一的调查表进行流行病学调查,并采集患者外周静脉血,用盐析法提取研究对象全血中DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测各研究对象的COMT基因多态性,所有资料用Excel建库,数据分析采用SPSS16.0软件,计算相对危险度(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI).结果:居住地环境污染(OR=13.17,95%CI:2.73~63.56),被动吸烟≥10年(OR=17.80,95%CI:4.04~78.47),农药使用≥10年(OR=5.66,95%CI:1.24~25.94)为乳腺癌危险因素.地震后一年内很少闻到农药气味(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.03~0.35),烹调时使用排油烟设备(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.03~0.88)为保护因素;病例与对照基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.28,P<0.05),基因型位点至少携带一个突变等位基因(杂合型GA和突变纯合型AA)的为易感基因型,野生纯合型GG为参照基因型,结果提示病例与对照野生型杂合子基因型分布和突变型纯合子分布频率差异均有统计学意义(OR=1.79,95%CI:0.57~5.56;OR=1.15,95%CI:0.35~3.85),即携带杂合型和突变纯合型者患乳腺癌的风险分别为野生纯合型的1.79和1.15倍.结论:居住地环境污染、被动吸烟≥10年、农药使用≥10年为乳腺癌危险因素.地震后接触有机氯农药少,烹调时使用排油设备为保护因素;携带COMTAA突变基因型的患者患乳腺癌的风险性增高.     

冠心病患者MBL基因启动子区-221位点多态性研究

目的:研究冠心病患者MBL基因启动子区-221(Y/X)位点单核苷酸多态性,探讨冠心病的可能致病机制.方法:提取57例健康对照者和72例冠心病患者外周血基因DNA,采用PCR-RFLP法检测MBL基因启动子区-221位点的多态性,行非变性的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对该位点多态性进行分析.结果:72例冠心病患者MBL基因启动子区-221位点X/Y、Y/Y和X/X基因型分别占69.44%、15.28%和15.28%;57例健康对照者在-221位点X/Y、Y/Y和X/X基因型分别占77.19%、1.75%和21.05%.经统计学分析,冠心病组、健康对照组在-221位点X/X和X/Y基因型频率比较差别无统计学意义;Y/Y基因型频率比较差别有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:MBL基因启动子区-221位点的多态性可能参与了冠心病的发生、发展过程.     

伞房属CCR基因PCR优化体系建立及多拷贝的发现和分析

对伞房属CCR基因进行扩增,对影响PCR的条件进行优化,结果筛选出引物对A-3198适宜的PCR循环条件为：94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,60℃退火lmin,72℃延伸2min,运行30个循环;最后72℃后延伸7min。对伞房属树种进行PCR扩增时,发现用同一引物对,一个样本可以扩增出不同长度的条带。将目的片段进行克隆测序,得到6个序列。所分析的基因片段从Exon3-Exon5,其中Exon3变异位点具有3个,Intron3无变异位点;Exon4变异位点具有7个,Intron4变异位点最多,达到276个,Exon5变异位点也只有6个。从变异位点所占百分数分析,所有外显子包括Exon3、Exon4和Exon5,变异数百分率很低,从1.67%-1.98%,说明外显子是相对保守和稳定的。Intron3最稳定,无任何差异位点。Intron4差异最大,差异百分数高达,19.99%。在Intron4有4处插入发生。第1处插入发生在第2041-2067,插入27个碱基。第2处插入发生在第2127-2289,插入163个碱基。第3处插入为PolyA,6个样本都存在PolyA。第4处为SSR序列。在外显子上未发现2个或2个以上碱基的插入/缺失。从氨基酸的变异来分析,所发生的核苷酸变异很多是无义突变,只有Exon3的2个氨基酸、Exon4的3个氨基酸,以及Exon5的2个氨基酸发生有义突变。本试验于国内外首次发现伞房属树种CCR基因具有多拷贝现象,而在桉树另外2个属桉属和杯果木属的CCR研究中未曾发现。     

ACE基因多态性与有氧耐力运动关系研究

目前普遍认为ACE(血管紧张素转换酶)的水平和心血管的形态、功能密切相关。ACE基因的多态性是人耐力素质优劣的决定性因素之一。为了解运动员血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入或缺失(I/D）多态性情况，探讨ACE基因多态性与有氧耐力可能的关系，用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测20例运动员和20例健康对照者的ACE基因多态性。结果位于ACE基因16内含子的L／D多态性经PCR扩增后呈三种基因型：纯合子插入型(II）、纯合子缺失型(DD)和杂合子插入或缺失型(ID)。耐力运动员组Ⅱ基因型和Ⅰ等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组。结果表明ACE基因可能在运动员的有氧耐力中起重要作用。     

临床表型-基因型关联发现Leber先天性黑矇(LCA)家系新的RDH12基因复合杂合突变（英文）

目的:临床表型-基因型关联分析筛查Leber先天性黑矇(LCA)家系候选基因,确定其分子遗传病因。创新点:成功应用临床表型-基因型关联分析鉴定LCA家系致病基因,并发现新的RDH12基因复合杂合突变。方法:收集一个中国常染色体隐性遗传三代LCA家系,详细分析该家系眼部表型特征(图1和表1),经临床表型-基因型关联分析确定RDH12为候选基因。Sanger测序发现新的RDH12基因复合杂合突变(图2),目标序列捕获高通量测序技术排除其他已知LCA相关基因(表2)。该家系成员基因型显示完整的共分离(图3),同时在600例普通人群中未发现该突变。结论:RDH12基因复合杂合突变可能为该LCA家系的致病基因,临床表型-基因型关联分析在LCA分子遗传学诊断中有重要价值。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Where the Action Is: How Drama Contributes to the Art of the Teaching and Learning of English

This paper looks at the way drama works to bring a model of an arts curriculum into reality. He also shows how drama is valuable when discussed as a separate, autonomous subject in the school curriculum as opposed to one subsumed within English. He argues for a view of the arts and gives an example of a sequence of work in an English GCSE class based around Arthur Miller's play View from the Bridge. From this he draws out several strands about the relationship of the drama curriculum to the individual students and teachers, the school, and to culture. He also emphasises the primacy of performance in drama education.