双阳极室成对电解合成乙醛酸新方法工艺研究

以过饱和草酸溶液为阴极液,乙二醛溶液为阳极液,分别采用单、双阳极电解槽进行电解合成乙醛酸研究.结果表明,双阳极室的时空产率和电流效率较单阳极室高.在此基础上研究了恒电压、恒电流、电解时间以及乙二醛的浓度、盐酸的浓度等对合成乙醛酸的影响,通过正交分析得到了新的电解合成乙醛酸方法的最佳工艺条件.     

微生物燃料电池硬水软化性能研究

以污水中的有机物和硝酸盐分别作为微生物燃料电池(MFC)的燃料和氧化剂,构建三室MFC硬水软化装置,检测了其工作性能。在未接种微生物时,MFC不具有硬水软化功能,在阴、阳极分别接种微生物后,经过6个周期的启动时间,MFC进入稳定运行状态,阳极室COD、阴极室NO-3-N和中间硬水软化室Ca2+去除率分别达到88.93%、91.16%和84.30%,最大输出电压为221.3mV。     

异烟酸的电化学合成

在离子液体＋DMF（体积比为1：1）的混合溶剂中,通过恒电流法研究表明Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt修饰电极对4-甲基吡啶（4-MP）的氧化具有高催化活性,同时发现阳极液中4-MP浓度为0.49 mol/L,阳极液中离子液体的体积分数为50%,通电量6.8（A.h）,电流密度30 mA/cm2,温度为50℃,阴极液为1mol/L硫酸时,产率和电流效率最高。在此条件下,平均收率为95.2%,平均电流效率为64.7%。     

电催化氧化降解含酚工业废水实验研究

采用价廉的涤纶滤膜作为电解体系隔膜,利用阴、阳极同时作用降解含酚工业废水,在反应时间80min,曝气量1.2L/min,电流密度30mA/cm2的最佳条件下,含酚废水COD去除率可达到80%,阴极室COD去除率高于阳极室。     

高能粒子径迹漂移室的研制

介绍用于确定高能粒子径迹的蜂房状漂移室组件。每个组件包括32到128个漂移室。用一层层瓦楞状镀金Pocalon膜粘成3m长的蜂房状组件，组件中的每个六角形管腔作为漂移室阴极。在每根管的中央有一根3m长的镀金钨丝作为阳极，加有高电压。漂移室中的工作气体被高能粒子击中时电离，击中点产生的电子向阳极漂移产生信号。处理被高能粒子击中的所有漂移室的阳极信号，可以确定粒子位置，精度达50μm。本文介绍了保证漂移室精度的基本制作程序。     

氯碱工业新编问题一例

传统氯碱工业采用的是立式隔膜电解槽，隔膜用石棉绒制成，它将电解槽隔成阳极室和阴极室，隔膜能阻止气体分子通过，但不能阻止水分子和离子通过．原料食盐水经过精制（除去Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、SO4^2-；等离子）后注入阳极室，通过隔膜室进入阴极室．Cl2从阳极室放出，H2从阴极室放出，含有NaOH和NaCl（未电解完的食盐）从阴极室流出，加热蒸发溶液，可得NaOH溶液，进一步精制能得固态NaOH，提供工业使用．这就是生产的大致过程．     

1235铝合金二步电解法着黑色工艺研究

采用二步交流电解着色法，研究了硫酸阳极氧化膜、着色液成分对1235铝合金着色效果的影响，提出了最佳工艺条件。研究表明：当硫酸阳极氧化膜厚为10μm。左右、在15V交流电以及着色液中含20g／L SnSO4和Ⅱ号添加剂着色时，可获得均匀、耐蚀性好、色泽光亮的深黑色阳极氧化膜。     

电镀镍阳极镍板表面沉淀的消除

在电镀镍过程中,电镀液中杂质的积累,在阳极表面富集,使阳极表面出现了黑色沉淀,影响了生产。用原子吸收法等分析,证明主要是硫化铜CuS。我们采用快速更换镍板法,纯化了电镀液,消除了这一现象,使生产恢复正常。     

WO3电极光电化学保护金属铜

采用WO3薄膜电极对金属铜光电化学防腐蚀。考察了光反应体系组成对电极光电响应性能的影响。结果表明：在光电化学电池中，阳极室添加空穴捕获剂如甲酸和升高溶液pH，有利于光电流输出。在阳极室溶液组成为0．5mol·dm^-3Na5O4＋0．5mol·dm^-3HCOOH（pH9.6）时，WO3薄膜电极在光照下可对4mol·dm^-3NaCl溶液中金属Cu进行光电化学防腐蚀。     

电镀镍阳极镍板表面沉淀的消除

在电久镍过程中,电镀液中杂质的积累,在阳极表面富集,使阳极表面出现了黑色沉淀的消除影响了生产。用原子吸收法等分析,证明主要是硫化铜ＣｕＳ。我们采用快速更换镍板法,纯化了电镀液,消除了这一现象,使生产恢复正常。     

乙醛酸电解合成的研究

在隔膜电解法制乙醛酸的研究中，采用性能优越的阳极材料钛基氧化铱电极，并对电解工艺等进行改进，在此条件下电解草酸，乙醛酸的产率达90．7％，电流效率82．4％。     

乙醛酸生产方法及研究进展

综述了乙醛酸的生产方法及研究进展，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Batch and fed-batch production of butyric acid by clostridium butyricum ZJUCB

The production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB at various pH values was investigated. In order to study the effect of pH on cell growth, butyric acid biosynthesis and reducing sugar consumption, different cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 were evaluated in 5-L bioreactor. In controlled pH batch fermentation, the optimum pH for cell growth and butyric acid production was 6.5 with a cell yield of 3.65 g/L and butyric acid yield of 12.25 g/L. Based on these results, this study then compared batch and fed-batch fermentation of butyric acid production at pH 6.5. Maximum value （16.74 g/L） of butyric acid concentration was obtained in fed-batch fermentation compared to 12.25 g/L in batch fermentation. It was concluded that cultivation under fed-batch fermentation mode could enhance butyric acid production significantly （P〈0.01） by C. butyricum ZJUCB.     

Batch and fed-batch production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB

INTRODUCTION Butyric acid has several potential applications in industry. Its applications in the foodstuffs and beverage industries are widespread. It may be used as the pure acid in the dairy industry, or in the form of esters as a food additive to increase fruit fragrance. Furthermore, butyric acid could also have some important physiological functions. For example, butyric acid esters are the character-impact flavors in tropic fruits and dairy products (Centeno et al., 2002; Watson e…     

己二酸的绿色合成探究——绿色化学实验在基础有机化学实验中的应用

以30%过氧化氢为氧化剂,用钨磷酸催化氧化环己醇合成己二酸,考察了催化剂用量,反应物配比和反应时间对己二酸产率的影响。当反应物物质的量比为钨磷酸：环己醇：过氧化氢=1：250：1125,在一定温度下回流反应4~6h,产率可达到50%;且催化剂可以重复使用。结果表明：本方法操作简单,无污染,符合绿色化学发展的要求,可用于基础有机合成实验。     

草酸电解还原制乙醛酸——合成尿囊素联合工艺研究

草酸电解还原制乙醛酸中,采用多孔铅箔(Pb>99.9％)阴极,在墨为阳极。当i=13.16mA·cm~(-2)时,添加助电解质盐酸,电流效率可达87％,乙醛酸产率为96％,阴极液用Ca(OH)_2分步沉淀草酸钙和乙醛酸钙,所得乙醛酸钙用6M盐酸溶解并与过量尿素反应,产物尿囊素收率可达55—60％。该联合工艺较为合理、经济。     

Development of a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell using L-ascorbic acid as fuel

In the current studies a miniature silicon wafer fuel cell （FC） using L-ascorbic acid as fuel was developed. The cell employs L-ascorbic acid and air as reactants and a thin polymer electrolyte as a separator. Inductively coupled plasma （ICP） silicon etching was employed to fabricate high aspect-ratio columns on the silicon substrate to increase the surface area. A thin platinum layer deposited directly on the silicon surface by the sputtering was used as the catalyst layer for L-ascorbic acid electro-oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid on the sputtered platinum layer is irreversible and that the onset potentials for the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid are from 0.27 V to 0.35 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. It is found that at the room temperature, with 1 mol/L L-ascorbic acid/PBS （phosphate buffered solution） solution pumped to the anode at 1 ml/min flow rate and air spontaneously diffusing to the cathode as the oxidant, the maximum output power density of the cell was 1.95 mW/cm^2 at a current density of 10 mA/cm^2.     

D-对羟基苯甘氨酸的合成研究

综述了近年来D-对羟基苯甘氨酸合成工艺的研究进展.通过比较发现乙醛酸法及生物酶拆分制备D-对羟基苯甘氨酸具有较好的应用前景.     

固载硅钨杂多酸催化合成戊二酸二异辛酯研究

研究了活性炭固载杂多酸催化戊二酸和异辛醇合成戊二酸二异辛酯的反应,探讨了原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等对酯化率的影响,当温度为120℃,醇酸摩尔比为2．5：1,反应时间为2h,催化剂用量为系统总质量的0．5％时,酯化率可达97．8％．     

Enrichment of semi-volatile organic acids from aqueous solutions by multiple-effect membrane distillation

Multiple-effect membrane distillation(MEMD) process for enriching semi-volatile organic acids from their individual aqueous solutions was performed by using a hollow fiber-based air gap membrane distillation(AGMD)module with the function of internal heat recovery.Aqueous solutions of glyoxylic acid,glycolic acid,lactic acid,pyruvic acid,malonic acid and glutaric acid were used as model feed.For a feed of 1%(mass fraction),each acid could be enriched for 8-20 times,which depended on the surface tension of the concentrate.The operation performance of MEMD process was characterized by permeation flux J,performance ratio PR and acid rejection rate R.The effects of cold feed-in temperature,heated feed-in temperature,feed-in volumetric flow rate and feed-in concentration on MEMD performance were experimentally evaluated.Maximum values of J,PR and R were 4.8 L/(h·m 2),9.84 and 99.93%,respectively.Moreover,MEMD process demonstrated a fairly good stability in a long-term experiment lasting for 30 d when aqueous solution of 4%(mass fraction) lactic acid was used as a feed.