从“教师预设”与“幼儿生成”谈起

近年来,在幼儿教育改革中,“教师预设”和“幼儿生成”成了教师们的热门话题。其实,作为课程的生成方式,“生成”一词并不惹眼,它只是一个没有思想内容的动词而已。然而,当“生成性课程”被视为一种课程模式时,它突然变得惹眼起来,特别是当《上海市学前教育课程指南》将“教师预设”和“幼儿生成”作为幼儿园课程的存在方式而加以理念性宣导时,新一波讨论在实践领域展开了:教师预设性活动和幼儿生成性活动的内涵是什么?两类活动的关系怎样,如何转化?如何关注和回应幼儿生成的活动?教师预设性活动与传统的以教师为中心的活动有什么区别?等等…     

从“教师预设”与“幼儿生成”谈起

近年来，在幼儿教育改革中，“教师预设”和“幼儿生成”成了教师们的热门话题。其实，作为课程的生成方式，“生成”一词并不惹眼，它只是一个没有思想内容的动词而已。然而，当“生成性课程”被视为一种课程模式时，它突然变得惹眼起来，特别是当《上海市学前教育课程指南》将“教师预设”和“幼儿生成”作为幼儿园课程的存在方式而加以理念性宣导时，新一波讨论在实践领域展开了：教师预设性活动和幼儿生成性活动的内涵是什么?两类活动的关系怎样，如何转化?如何关注和回应幼儿生成的活动?教师预设性活动与传统的以教师为中心的活动有什么区别?等等。     

浅析幼儿园课程的预设与生成

作为我国基础教育的重要组成部分,学前教育得到了越来越多教育者的关注。为助力广大幼儿更好地成长,推动我国学前教育事业的创新与发展,幼儿园课程的“预设”与“生成”相关理论应运而生。文章以江苏省盐城市某幼儿园的教学为例,探讨了幼儿园课程中预设与生成的辩证关系,并就如何提升课程有效性提出了建议。     

在实践中探寻有效预设的重心

随着基础教育课程改革的逐步推进,课堂教学的中心由教师转变为学生,这在无形中打破了原有预设与生成的平衡点。课堂是开放的,教学是生成的,教学过程是“静态预设”在课堂中“动态实施”的过程中。生成,绝不是对预设的否定,而是对预设的挑战和超越。精彩的生成基于高质量的预设。生成就好像我们看到的大树一样,预设则为其根。因此,我们在教育过程中应随时捕捉来自各个方面的教育信息,在实践中不断探寻有效预设与动态生成的新的重心。     

如何使预设有效的走向生成——善处动态生成是高中政治有效教学的关注点

课程改革背景下的一堂成功、有效的政治课既离不开预设,也不能没有生成。只有创造性地使用教材、全面地了解学生和合理开发课程资源,预设才能富有成效。同时,也只有在实施预设时不拘泥于“预设”并能智慧地处理好预设与生成的关系．生成才会更加精彩.     

语文课堂教学预设与生成的哲学思考

语文课堂教学的预设与生成是“教学”的两个基本要素，教学预设是为达成教学目标而设置的具体实践方案，教学生成则是教学预设创造性实践的具体体现。在课程改革过程中，教师们经过实践、反思，逐渐认识预设与生成的基本特点：语文课堂教学预设是生成的实践基础，语文课堂教学生成是教学预设的创新过程；人们在实践中逐步认识了预设与生成的哲学基础。这些认识对推进课程改革实践有着积极意义。     

关注生成，演绎精彩语文课堂

“预设”、“生成”或音说“动态生成”是课程改革中频繁使用的一对术语如何使课堂“预设”更好地走向“生成”是提高教学效益的关键所在,也是我们每个教师对课堂教学的应有追求。关注课堂上的动态生成,将演绎出更加精彩的语文课堂。     

儿童经验视角下幼儿园主题活动预设与生成的交融

主题活动是幼儿园重要课程形式之一。在设计与实施幼儿园主题活动中,内容的预设与生成日益引起关注。文章聚焦儿童视角,以重阳节“我给爷爷奶奶拍张照”主题活动为例,阐释了幼儿园主题活动中预设与生成相互交融的三点思考,即摸清已有经验,探寻预设与生成的出发点;围绕经验提升,关注预设与生成的交汇点;提炼经验发展线,积淀预设与生成的着力点,从而使主题活动的开展过程成为幼儿主动学习、主动发展的过程。     

心理健康教育课堂教学中的预设与生成

预设与生成是矛盾的对立统一体,课堂教学既需要预设,也需要生成。新课程课堂教学呼唤高水平的预设与精彩的生成。心理健康教育课程缺少国家课程标准与权威教材,因此需要科学严谨的教学预设,同时还需要高质量、鲜活的课堂生成。如何处理好“预设”与“生成”的关系,成为心理课堂的挑战,从预设是什么,从哪里来以及到哪里去,以及课堂生成的五种路径展开论述。     

从一次课堂辩论看课程的“生成”

一、前言任何教学过程都是“预设”与“生成”的辩证统一。规范的、科学的“预设”离开了灵活的高效的“生成”过程,教学就变成了教师的“独角戏”,也注定是要失败的。而课程的有效“生成”,又离不开科学的“预设”,无法想象,一个教师不经任何“准备”而能够把一节课上得生动、高效、完美?传统教学较多地强调了“预设”的一面,而新课程则较多地强调“生成”的特征,本意在于     

生成课程与预设课程之比较及其反思

和预设课程相比较．生成课程由教师根据儿童的兴趣和需要而设计，目标在活动中形成．课程内容也更富有弹性．课程评价也更趋向于多元化。生成课程需要教师适时的对孩子进行引导，提升孩子的思维．促进孩子的个性发展。在目前中国的教育实践中．对教师来说，该做的是如何处理好预设和生成的关系。     

Critical inquiry into emergent‐oriented curriculum practice

Abstract

This theoretical paper characterizes and explores emergent‐oriented curriculum practice through the experiences of an early childhood education (ECE) prospective teacher, in the context of the U.S., as she co‐constructs the meaning of emergent‐oriented curriculum with culturally diverse pre‐K (4–5‐year‐old) children during her field experience. The paper examines how the prospective teacher understood emergent learning, how she and the children created and shaped their curriculum, and what critical aspects pertain to emergent‐oriented curriculum work from the perspective of developmentally meaningful and culturally responsive practice.     

Curriculum Design Strategies in Emergent Literacy: The Role of Developmentally Appropriate Literature Selections

Literature-rich interactions provide strategies that help emergent readers to develop knowledge about print, including the production and recognition of letters, and generate familiarity with the basic purposes and mechanisms of reading. Yet teacher understanding of these multiple dimensions of emergent literacy does not ensure that a child will break the code and learn to read. Effective teachers, administrators, and curriculum specialists integrate a variety of information to formulate design principles and develop and implement developmentally appropriate curriculum and concomitant teaching strategies. Gunn and colleagues in the National Center to Improve the Tools of Education Report (1995) suggest this may include conspicuous strategies, scaffolding, strategic integration, primed background knowledge, and thoughtful review. The relationship among these four curriculum design strategies and developmentally appropriate literature selections are discussed. Twelve current children’s books are suggested for consideration when implementing various curriculum strategies with emergent literacy learners.     

An Experimental Validation of a Preschool Emergent Literacy Curriculum

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preschool emergent literacy enrichment curriculum. Participants were 126 Head Start children, their teachers, and their parents. Matched centers were assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: experimental literacy, experimental math, or control. Teachers in both experimental groups implemented either literacy or math instruction in small groups on a daily basis, and parents and children completed supplementary learning activities at home. The control classroom implemented the ongoing Head Start curriculum. Children in the literacy condition showed the largest gains in phonemic awareness and emergent writing skills; they also made greater gains on emergent reading than did children in the math condition. There were no group differences on expressive vocabulary. Results are discussed in terms of curriculum design and practical issues involved in supporting preschools in the implementation of research-based instructional programs.     

An Experimental Validation of a Preschool Emergent Literacy Curriculum

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preschool emergent literacy enrichment curriculum. Participants were 126 Head Start children, their teachers, and their parents. Matched centers were assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: experimental literacy, experimental math, or control. Teachers in both experimental groups implemented either literacy or math instruction in small groups on a daily basis, and parents and children completed supplementary learning activities at home. The control classroom implemented the ongoing Head Start curriculum. Children in the literacy condition showed the largest gains in phonemic awareness and emergent writing skills; they also made greater gains on emergent reading than did children in the math condition. There were no group differences on expressive vocabulary. Results are discussed in terms of curriculum design and practical issues involved in supporting preschools in the implementation of research-based instructional programs.     

Mobile Documentation with Smartphone and Cloud in an Emergent Curriculum

The goal of this study was to explore the lived experience of kindergarten teachers with mobile documentation designed to support their tracking of children's learning activities in an emergent curriculum. A structure for mobile documentation was created with the smartphone and cloud system. The phenomenological approach used in this study showed that mobile documentation supported teachers' documentation processes and cultivated the mobile learning community. In particular, less experienced teachers gained more benefits than experienced teachers because the former understood the emergent curriculum by viewing photos from and observing activities in other classrooms. In addition, the teachers' supervisor benefited from understanding the activities and projects occurring in each classroom and could provide specific mentoring to less experienced teachers. Suggestions were provided to cultivate a positive mobile learning community in an emergent curriculum.     

Emerging Educational Institutional Decision-Making Matrix

The ＂emerging educational institutional decision-making matrix＂ is developed to allow educational institutions to adopt a rigorous and consistent methodology of determining which of the myriad of emerging educational technologies will be the most compelling for the institution, particularly ensuring that it is the educational or pedagogical but not the technological imperative that drives the technology integration agenda. The matrix is designed to be used after some initial research into an emerging technology. Once a technology is put through the matrix, a member of options are available： （1） shelving the technology; （2） putting the technology on hold and maintaining a watching brief until the technology matures in the market; and （3） researching the product further by conducting a trial or placing in testing sandpit. After further research, the technology can be tested as a pilot to determine how well or otherwise, the technology works within the institution. If an emerging technology has more than one product associated with it, a second and third step in the matrix has been developed, and the second step assigns a rating to each of the categories within the matrix. With many products containing similar features, a third step has been developed to compare products on a feature level.     

Science at the Center: An Emergent, Standards-Based, Child-Centered Framework for Early Learners

This article will describe an approach to planning and assessment that is designed to support an emergent, play-based curriculum while helping teachers make informed instructional decisions. Using assessment that supports curriculum allows early childhood professionals to infuse early learning content standards into meaningful, relevant and connected topics of study. Through a combined effort among teachers, administrators and university faculty, one demonstration school developed a method of integrating and evaluating content standards and developmental skills into an emergent curriculum model. While this remains a work in progress, it does show promise for being an effective way to address state standards while maintaining recommended developmentally appropriate practices.     

对幼儿园“多元智能做中学”整合课程开发的思考

幼儿园“多元智能做中学”整合课程既有“全球化视野”,也注重“本土化行动”。课程设计的整体思路力图体现“主题连续体,纵横大贯通”,教师教学力求做到“计划课程具体到位,生成课程灵活创新”,保证教师合理有效地开展计划课程,鼓励教师积极主动地不断生成课程。幼儿园课程不仅是教师引导幼儿进行的集体探究活动,同时也是教师引导幼儿进行的个别探究活动。     

综合实践活动中教师课程资源的开发与积累

综合实践活动是一门具有整体性、实践性、生成性、开放性等特点的课程,对教师课程资源的开发利用提出了更高的要求.因此,教师在日常的教学工作中,要通过各种渠道,留心课程资源的开发与积累,以便于更好地指导学生活动的实施.