教师的游戏观与儿童的自由——城乡学前教育比较中获得的启示

本研究采用以录像为媒介的集体访谈和多重话语分析的教育人类学研究方法,探讨了中国城乡幼教工作者对游戏,特别是对幼儿园中儿童自由游戏的不同看法.研究归纳出三种看似不同但实则存在内在关联和相互转化可能的游戏观.(1)儿童自由游戏只是幼儿园中游戏的一种,游戏化的教学活动也可以被称为游戏.(2)儿童自由游戏是真正的游戏,教学活动游戏化(或游戏活动教学化)固然有其合理性,但与游戏有质的区别.(3)高水平的自由游戏是儿童游戏的最高境界,"会玩"的儿童才能在游戏中享受到真正的自由.教师的游戏观影响了儿童对游戏、自由的体验.     

幼儿园自由游戏中5～6岁儿童自言自语的研究

儿童自言自语是幼儿园自由游戏中存在的一种很普遍的现象。本研究主要采用质的研究方法，通过现场观察辅以访谈收集资料，对发生在幼儿园自由游戏中5～6岁儿童自言自语的状况进行了考察，研究发现：儿童自言自语的内容可以分为与游戏活动有关和无关两大类；自言自语作为游戏中的材料和工具丰富着儿童的游戏，对于儿童游戏具有重要意义。因此，要...     

重塑游戏精神 回归游戏本质

针对当前幼儿园游戏异化现象,文章提出幼儿园游戏应该真正地关注3-6岁儿童的精神需求,重塑自由的游戏精神,回归儿童本位,在游戏中重视儿童独立体验的过程、情感的愉悦、想象力和创造力的发展.     

民间儿童游戏与幼儿园课程的融合依据和实施路径

为了传承中华优秀传统文化,促进儿童身心发展和社会性成长,构建幼儿园特色课程,幼儿园可以实施民间儿童游戏课程。民间儿童游戏与幼儿园课程的融合不仅需要一定的理论和现实依据,还需要相应实施路径。民间儿童游戏与幼儿园课程的融合可以通过综合主题教育活动、各领域教育活动、区角活动、幼儿自由活动等途径来实施。     

在“真游戏”中成长——浅谈幼儿自主性游戏环境的有效创设

幼儿园游戏是是幼儿园教育的重要组成和基本活动形式。《幼儿园教育指导纲要》中指出"幼儿园教育应尊重幼儿的人格和权利,尊重幼儿身心发展的规律和特点,以游戏为基本活动。"《3~6岁儿童发展指南》中也指出"幼儿园应为幼儿提供自由交往和游戏的机会,鼓励他们自主选择,自由结伴开展游戏。"在游戏中幼儿的思维活跃,相象丰富,能够利用已     

幼儿园角色游戏的现实困境与精神回归——以“娃娃家”游戏为例

幼儿园角色游戏存在忽视游戏本体价值,过分强调游戏工具价值的现象.侧重于关注儿童角色游戏的教育价值及与现实生活逻辑的相符性,儿童“角色”本身亦被异化.有必要在中外游戏精神研究的基础上,结合幼儿园“娃娃家”游戏案例探讨角色游戏在无目的、自由、对话、创生及情境体验内涵方面的精神特质,揭示幼儿园角色游戏开展的现实困境,思考相应的策略,以期儿童角色游戏精神的真正回归.     

对幼儿园游戏分类问题的思考

一、幼儿园游戏分类存在的问题长期以来,人们习惯于将幼儿园游戏分为创造性游戏和有规则游戏（也称教学游戏）两大类,其中创造性游戏包括角色游戏、结构游戏、表演游戏,有规则游戏包括智力游戏、音乐游戏、体育游戏。这种分类的方法对于幼儿园教育教学管理是有利的,对于教师的具体操作也是有利的,教师可以根据需要灵活选用各种游戏。但它同时也给幼儿园游戏的开展造成许多误区。具体表现在:第一,对两类游戏的本质特征认识不清幼儿园教师对两类游戏的本质区别及功能缺乏认识,对各类游戏对儿童身心发展的不同作用的认识也模糊,把两类游戏放在…     

存在论视域下的儿童游戏及其教育展望

从存在论视域出发关注儿童的游戏体验与意义获得是当前儿童游戏研究的新趋势。儿童的意义世界是儿童在与周遭世界的交互作用中形成的对周遭世界及其与自身关系的理解与感受的集结。游戏是儿童意义世界照进现实之镜,是儿童意义世界的自由生成之境,是多人游戏实现儿童意义世界的扩展与丰富。儿童在游戏中实现“意义成人”,这既是游戏的教育灵魂,也是幼儿园游戏的教育使命。幼儿园游戏要促成“意义成人”教育使命的实现,就要把握儿童游戏的双重规定,实现游戏双重意义的建构功能;甄别游戏内容与形式上价值的不同属性,引导游戏意义的积极生成与扩展;推进游戏立意的经验超越,成就儿童整体性意义的体验获得。     

幼儿园游戏指导中存在的问题及改善对策

爱玩是幼儿的天性。高尔说过:"儿童通过游戏。非常简单,非常容易地去认识周围的世界。"幼儿园阶段,教师指导幼儿各种游戏,通过玩游戏的过程,使幼儿与小伙伴们互相认识、交流,并且学习其他的技能。然而,幼儿园在游戏实际开展过程中,存在例如,教师主导,干预多,游戏太过单一,缺少游戏材料等等问题,使幼儿园游戏并没有充分发挥其作用。文章旨在通过对幼儿园游戏问题的分析,策略的探究,提升幼儿园游戏指导的作用,使幼儿健康快乐地成长。     

实行幼儿园创造性游戏区域活动中的问题与对策

区域活动以其独有的个性化、开放性、自主、自由等优越性,在幼儿园中备受教师与幼儿的喜爱,并同时发展成为幼儿园开展创造性课程的重要手段,而幼儿园开展的创造性游戏活动是教师了解儿童、观察儿童心理发展水平的最好途径。对幼儿园在实行创造性游戏区域活动的过程中存在的主要问题进行分析与论述,继而探讨出充分发挥创造性游戏区域活动的真正价值的有效策略,以供参考。     

An Interview Study of Gender Difference in Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Children’s Play

The aim of this study was to investigate, identify and describe different ways that female and male preschool teachers conceive, understand and experience play. The research questions addressed are: What perspectives do female and male preschool teachers have on play? Are there differences in play experiences related to gender? The interview study is inspired by phenomenographical research. The sample consisted of ten female and ten male preschool teachers’. The results show differences between female and male preschool teachers’ play willingness. This study found that male preschool teachers contribute with more playfulness, and this is something that both female and male preschool teachers noticed. Female preschool teachers tend to value calm play and emphasize the importance of social development while male preschool teachers accentuate the significance of physical development. All preschool teachers in the study emphasized that it is important to create inspiring environments for play and outdoor play.     

Young children’s communication and expression of values during play sessions in preschool

The article explores how young children between one and three years old communicate and prioritise values in order to create and be a part of a community during play sessions in an Icelandic preschool. Furthermore, it aims to investigate the value conflicts that might occur and how the children resolve such conflicts. The study adopts the phenomenological approach of Merleau-Ponty emphasising human bodily existence. Data consist mainly of video recordings. The findings show three main categories that illustrate the values that the children prioritised and found meaningful to their interaction in their play: the value of ownership of toys, the value of others’ well-being and the value of belonging to the community. The values could also be in opposition to values that were either prioritised within the group of children or emphasised by the educators. The study implies that play situations are a valuable arena for children’s learning of values. The value conflicts appeared to be especially important, including children’s confrontations with each other’s perspectives and requiring the children to clarify their views. Thus, children’s positions and possibilities within the group became visible and influenced the resolution of the conflicts.     

Young children’s classification,stereotyping and play behaviour for gender neutral and ambiguous toys

Developmental intergroup theory would predict that children develop fewer or weaker stereotypes about toys that have less distinguishable gender attributes than those that are clearly associated with a gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of neutral and ambiguous toys in 31 three‐ to five‐year‐old children’s play behaviour and understanding about gender. Overall, children did not categorise more perceptually salient (ambiguous) toys than less distinguishable (neutral) toys to their own gender. Colour was the most frequently used reason for the toys’ gender assignment. The findings also showed that with age, girls’ play complexity increased linearly, whereas boys’ scores did not. A play substitution scale measuring play creativity or maturity showed no gender differences. The discussion highlights the role of perceptual salience in sex‐dimorphic toy preferences and behaviour and their application to educational issues.     

Digital play as a means to develop children’s literacy and power in the Swedish preschool

Abstract

This paper presents different angles on the subject of digital play as a means to develop children’s literacy and power, using an online ethnographical study of Swedish preschool teachers’ discussions in informal online forums. Question posts (n = 239) were analysed using the Technological Pedagogical Knowledge framework and the Caring, Nurturing and Teaching framework, with the aim of understanding how teachers intended to support children’s literacy development with tablets. Literacy development can be understood as a social practice that needs to develop along with changes in society’s demands on citizens. The results presented indicate that school subject oriented skills are predominantly present in the mind-set of these preschool teachers. When digital play is increasingly used for pedagogical purposes in preschools, that also means that preschools have expanded their opportunities to work with children’s literacy development. For preschool teachers, it is important to discuss how literacy development can be supported in a contemporary media landscape.     

ICT and play in preschool: early childhood teachers’ beliefs and confidence

This study investigated early childhood teachers’ beliefs about information and communications technology (ICT) and play in preschool, as well as their confidence in integrating ICT in the classroom. A 28-item questionnaire was compiled and administered to 190 early childhood teachers in Greece. Although ICT play (which can provide learning opportunities) has largely replaced traditional childhood play, in Greece, there is inadequate integration of ICT in early childhood education. In this study, two factors were extracted: ‘playing with ICT as an effective mode of learning and developing children's technological competence’ and ‘ICT use as free play’. The fewer the years of teaching experience and the higher the teachers’ computer self-efficacy, the stronger was the view that ICT play is not just free play. Teachers’ beliefs and confidence affect their classroom practices and, consequently, the children's learning. Viewing ICT as a mode of learning that should be embedded in the curriculum is expected to lead to ICT integration in a teacher's daily practices. The implications for in-service teacher training are therefore discussed.     

幼儿异龄互动中的同伴关系研究

异龄互动是在一段时间内,一个或多个幼儿与其他异龄幼儿之间的相互接触,它对幼儿的认知、情感和社会性发展具有重要的作用,因此,对异龄互动的研究就显得相当必要了。本文首先从认知学派、社会学习理论以及人类发展生态学等几个理论流派中为异龄同伴关系寻找到了存在的依据。其次,探讨了异龄同伴关系的影响因素,它包括:幼儿的外貌、年龄差异、熟悉程度、发展水平差异以及共同的爱好兴趣;幼儿不同的行为特点和交往目的;物质环境的创设、材料的特征以及教育者。最后,从家长和教师两个方面就怎样促进异龄互动的发生,发展稳定的异龄同伴关系给出了建议。     

论幼儿教育整体观之多元智能视角

实施全人格教育培养完整儿童,是现代幼儿教育的新观念,也是指导幼儿教育实践的新理念。幼儿教育改革正趋向关注幼儿全面发展的重要趋势,在注重对幼儿进行有效的认知教育的同时,日益重视促进幼儿全面、和谐的发展。多元智能理论的多元性、差异性、实践性和创新性、情境性和可开发性,对树立幼儿教育整体观——幼儿教育目标整合观、幼儿教育内容和形式整合观、幼儿教育资源整合观、幼儿教育评价整合观具有积极意义,有益于教师从整体上把握幼儿教育的实施,发挥各种教育因素的整体影响,以提高幼儿教育的质量和水平。     

Emergent literacy activities in the final preschool year in the German federal states of Bavaria and Hesse

Emergent literacy activities are considered to be important for promoting children’s emergent literacy skills. However, little research exists, especially in Germany, regarding how often such activities occur and in what context. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of emergent literacy activities occurring in the final preschool year, and their dependence on structural characteristics. Ninety-six children (mean age = 5.9) from 50 preschools in two German federal states were observed in their final preschool year. Results show that emergent literacy activities relating to print materials play a minor role, whereas activities involving oral language play a major role, compared with other activities in children’s preschool experience. Results also indicate a significant link between child-related, family and distal characteristics (i.e. geographic location and federal state affiliation) and the frequency of emergent literacy activities.     

高校图书馆自建数据库的实践与思考

自建数据库作为高校图书馆的特色资源,不仅能够满足学校教学科研需要,促进学科建设和专业发展,而且对于资源的共建共享都将发挥积极的作用。文章以鞍山师范学院图书馆为例,探讨了学前教育专业资源库建设的意义和可行性,并对数据库建设的实践进行了系统分析。     

“十一五”期间四川幼儿教师发展状况的分析报告

根据《四川统计年鉴》和《四川教育事业统计年鉴》,对＂十一五＂期间四川幼儿教师队伍的整体情况进行数据分析。结果表明,五年间四川幼儿教师的数量持续增加,专任教师的学历水平逐步提升;保健员的专业化水平有待提高;幼儿教师职称问题突出;高中学历幼儿教师的在职培训亟待加强。