合成红花油不饱和单甘酯的协同效应研究

以新疆特产红花籽油、甘油为原料，在碱催化剂的作用下合成红花油不饱和单甘油酯．实验结果表明：在最优条件(甘油，红花油的摩尔比=3：1，催化剂用量为红花油质量的0．14％，反应温度为195℃)下，搅拌速度与氮气流量存在协调效应；用复合催化剂NaOH：NaHCO3(mol/mol)=1：1进行的醇解反应比用单一碱催化剂NaOH或NaHCO3进行反应效果要好得多，可获得产率为66.53％单甘酯，反应时间也缩短一半。     

NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3互变型计算题解法分析

有关NaOH、Na2 CO3 、NaHCO3 互变型计算题是近年高考试卷中的热点 .这类计算题涉及多个反应 ,关系复杂 ,是考查能力的好题 .现将此种题的四类常见题型及解答规律作分析 ,供同学们复习时参考 .题型一 :CO2 与NaOH反应【反应规律】( 1 )涉及有关反应 :CO2 2NaOH =Na2 CO3 H2 O(CO2 不足 )CO2 Na2 CO3 H2 O =2NaHCO3即 :CO2 NaOH =NaHCO3 (CO2 足量 )( 2 )产物分析 :当n(CO2 )∶n(NaOH) =1∶2时 ,产物只有一种 ,为Na2 CO3 ;当n(CO2 )∶n(NaOH) =1∶1时 ,产物只有一种 ,为NaHCO3 ;当 1 / 2 相似文献   

影响红花油脂肪酸单甘酯合成的因素

以红花籽油和甘油为原料,在碱催化剂的作用下合成红花油脂肪酸甘油酯,分析了红花油品质对该反应的影响,考察了加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂时的浴剂效应以及反应过程中的温度效应、浓度效应.结果发现,反应时间随总反应浓度的减少而同步减少,随总反应浓度的增大而同步增大;在不同的反应温度下,红花油脂肪酸单甘酯浓度随时间延长而增长,其变化的图形呈正抛物线的右半部分;催化剂用量相同时,反应中间体的稳定时间与产率呈正相关性.     

影响红花油脂肪酸单甘酯合成的因素

以红花籽油和甘油为原料，在碱催化剂的作用下合成红花油脂肪酸甘油酯，分析了红花油品质对该反应的影响，考察了加入N，N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂时的浴剂效应以及反应过程中的温度效应、浓度效应．结果发现，反应时间随总反应浓度的减少而同步减少，随总反应浓度的增大而同步增大；在不同的反应温度下，红花油脂肪酸单甘酯浓度随时间延长而增长，其变化的图形呈正抛物线的右半部分；催化剂用量相同时，反应中间体的稳定时间与产率呈正相关性．     

以甘油为原料合成2,3-环氧丙醇

以甘油为原料,两步法合成了2,3-环氧丙醇,甘油和氯化氢气体在催化剂作用下氯化成3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,3-氯-1,2-丙二醇在NaOH乙醇溶液中环化为2,3-环氧丙醇。实验结果表明,冰醋酸是甘油氯化反应的最优催化剂,最佳用量为甘油摩尔数的0.2倍;环化反应中最佳摩尔比为1：1,最佳环化时间为30min。     

二氧化硅负载磷钨钼酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以二氧化硅负载磷钨钼酸(H3PW6Mo6O40/SiO2)为催化剂,用苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料催化合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,正交实验法探讨得出的适宜反应条件为:固定苯甲醛用量0.2mol,苯甲醛与乙二醇的物质的量之比为1.0∶1.5,催化剂H3PW6Mo6O40/SiO2用量占反应物料总质量的1.0%,反应时间45 min,带水剂环己烷的用量12 mL.在该反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达79.6%.     

二氧化硅负载磷钨酸催化合成丁酮乙二醇缩酮

以二氧化硅负载磷钨酸(H3PW12O40/SiO2)为催化剂,用丁酮和乙二醇为原料催化合成了丁酮乙二醇缩酮.正交实验法探讨得出的适宜反应条件为:固定丁酮用量0.2 mol,在n(丁酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.4,催化剂用量占反应物量总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂8 mL,反应时间75 min的最佳条件下,丁酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达83.6%.     

异戊醛Aldol缩合制备可可醛

本文以NaOH水溶液为催化剂，探讨了异戊醛Aldol缩合制备可可醛（2-异丙基-5-甲基-2-己烯醛）的最佳反应条件；反应温度50℃，反应时间9h，催化剂NaOH水溶液的浓度2mol，L^-1，OH^-/异戊醛为1/1（mol/mol)，主产物可可醛的产率为92.2%，并测定了催化剂的重复使用性能，结果发现NaOH水溶液重复使用9次后，其催化性能很稳定。     

三聚甘油肉豆蔻酸酯的合成

对三聚甘油单肉豆蔻酸酯的合成工艺的研究表明,三聚甘油的最佳合成条件为:催化剂用量1%～2%,温度260～270℃,采用氮气保护。三聚甘油单肉豆蔻酸酯的最佳合成条件为:温度160℃,无需催化剂,直接利用甘油聚合时所加的NaOH即可。对比显示,所得产品的部分性能指标超过了国内同类产品,并且接近国外产品。     

响应面法优化青麦仁阿魏酸提取工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助碱醇法提取青麦仁中的阿魏酸，在单因素试验基础上通过响应面Box-Benhnken原理优化青麦仁阿魏酸的提取工艺。结果表明，最佳工艺参数为提取时间20 min、碱醇比(V/V)2∶1、NaOH浓度1.1 mol/L、超声温度55℃,此条件下阿魏酸的提取量达2.314±0.130 mg/g。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.