Physical education cultures in Sweden: fitness,sports, dancing … learning?

In a significant article from 1993, Crum describes the purpose of physical education (PE) as a ‘planned introduction into movement culture’. In broad terms, this purpose is tantamount to the stated purpose of Swedish PE in national steering documents. Crum contends, however, that physical educators do not prioritise learning, which is largely due to the different ‘movement cultures’ that constitute the PE lessons. This article explores how practice unfolds in movement cultures that are included in Swedish PE and their implications for teaching and learning in the subject. Some 30 (indoor) PE lessons in eight secondary schools in four cities throughout Sweden were video recorded. At ‘first glance’ these lessons indicated the prevalence of four logics of practice: a physical training logic, a sports logic, a sport technique logic and a dance logic. However, further analysis revealed that the teachers' and students' actions were not entirely in line with a logic of practice of training the body, winning the game, learning sporting skills or learning to dance. Instead, the PE practice largely unfolded as a ‘looks-like-practice’, where the purpose of teaching was blurred, and where any ‘planned introduction into movement culture’ was difficult to identify. In the final section, the authors discuss how physical activity logics can be recontextualised in a PE setting in order to emphasise the educational contribution of PE.     

‘Intensive mothering’ in the early years: the cultivation and consolidation of (physical) capital

Growing pressure on parents to equip their children with the skills required for future success, coupled with an increased focus on providing quality learning experiences in the early years, has contributed to an upsurge in the enrolment of young children in formal (often privatised) activities. Moreover, in response to growing societal concerns over the perceived risks of obesity and sedentary lifestyles, parents are often acutely aware of the importance of providing plentiful physical activity opportunities for their children within this enrichment context. In this paper, the tendency for parents to provide copious developmental opportunities is referred to as ‘intensive mothering’ and is explored through the theoretical lens of Bourdieu, specifically his concepts of habitus and capital. This paper reports on a small-scale study undertaken within the UK, which sought to explore the impact of social class on access to early years' provision as well as parental attitudes towards physical activity and the provision of preschool physical development opportunities. Data were generated through a questionnaire (disseminated via early years settings) as well as three in-depth interviews with ‘middle-class’ parents and were analysed to draw out key themes relating to the cultivation and consolidation of (physical) capital. The data indicate that many parents perceive a ‘responsibility’ to aid their children's physical development and demonstrate a willingness to facilitate the acquisition of physical capital via the provision of play equipment, privatised classes and additional (informal) physical activity opportunities. Moreover, they suggest that ‘middle-class’ parents, in particular, articulate the need to invest heavily in enrichment activities, influenced by their own experiences, tastes and values. It is argued that ‘intensive mothering’ is illustrative of the reproduction of a class-based habitus and can be perceived as an attempt to maintain or improve social position through the cultivation, consolidation and, ultimately, conversion, of appropriate capital.     

千年古奥运的兴衰与百年现代奥运挑战的思考

通过回顾古今奥运会演变的历史,论证了奥林匹克运动若能保持其古老的、文明而又常新的教育属性,她就会兴盛,否则必将衰落,从而揭示了这一不以人们主观意志为转移的、不可抗拒的历史规律;认识其规律对于中国与世界竞技运动面向21世纪防异化、求发展具有重要的历史意义。     

北京奥运会与学校体育和谐发展的研究

当奥运会圣火伴随手拉手世界和平之乐熄灭之后,通过奥运精神的沉淀、推广和宣传,对人文素养、大众健康理念、健身意识、全社会文明程度的促进将提升到一个崭新的水平。我国通过举办2008年奥运会所体现出的奥运精神和奥运会蕴涵的丰富教育理念、文化价值、教育内容和素材将对中国学校体育带来的巨大影响与急需解决的问题。     

Exploring the relation between physical activity and health—a salutogenic approach to physical education

This article takes a point of departure in the debate whether physical education should consider a limited or an increased commitment towards public health goals and a public health agenda. The article further discusses the relationship between physical activity and health, and the perspective of health in physical education. This is done through a critique of the dominance of a pathogenic perspective of health, as well as through a salutogenic approach regarding health as a process. A salutogenic approach makes, as suggested in the article, other questions—salutogenic questions—possible. In this sense, physical activity and movement can be regarded as something more than mere protection against disease or overweight, and by posing salutogenic questions we can enrich our understanding of the relation between physical activity and health, and in consequence richness to the perspective of health in physical education. With a salutogenic approach, the pupils’ unique and common experiences of health, movement, body ideals or outdoor-life can meet a wider perspective of health. This would facilitate a health perspective in physical education that draws attention to the qualities, abilities and knowledge that pupils can develop, and, in the name of learning health, point the way to the possible contribution of physical education in pupils’ health development in terms of how physical education can enrich their lives, strengthen them as healthy citizens and contribute to a sustainable (health) development.     

教学训练审美教育初探

从体育教学训练的角度，对审美教育的任务、相互关系和实施途径等方面进行了初步探索，旨在揭示教学训练审美教育的特殊规律以及实施的必要性和可行性。     

奥林匹克运动在中国的发展(一)

以体育为载体的国际社会文化活动——奥林匹克运动,在19世纪末期诞生不久,即随着西方近代体育文化的传入被介绍到了中华大地,为奥林匹克运动在近代中国的发展和普及起到了推动作用。新中国的成立,为奥林匹克运动在中国的进一步发展提供了前所未有的机遇,奥林匹克运动与中国文化背景逐渐交流、融合,并在中华大地得到了空前的发展,形成了当代中国体育的主流。进入20世纪80年代后,中国民众对以奥运会为代表的奥林匹克的关注程度,甚至高于对其他许多社会问题的关心。现代体育意识和奥运意识以潜移默化的方式,逐渐深入人心,成为当代中国发展奥林匹克运动的一大特色。     

终身体育视域下的高校体育教学改革存在的困境及出路分析

高校作为我国人才培养的重要机构,其体育教学的质量和水平会对国民整体身体素质水平以及体育观念产生重要影响,因此,在“终身体育”视域下,对高校体育教学进行改革是高校体育教育发展的必然趋势。该文简要阐述了“终身体育”的含义和特征,并结合现阶段我国高校体育教学改革面临的困境,探索“终身体育”视域下高校体育教学改革的具体对策,以期推动改革工作的顺利进行,促进高校体育教育工作持续健康发展。     

体育院校《教育学》教学初探

建立有体育院校特色的教育学教学体系是当前体育院校课程改革的目标之一.就体育院校教育学教材选编、教学改革新思路等作初步探讨.     

福建省高校体育教育专业增设学前方向人才培养的可行性研究

本文采用文献资料法、数理统计法、综合分析法等,对福建省高校体育教育专业增设学前方向人才培养的可行性进行研究。结果表明:国家政策支持,彰显学前体育教师人才培养的必要性;省内各区域学前儿童和教职工逐年增加,亟需学前体育教师人才;高校体育教育专业拥有丰厚的教学优势,有利于学前体育教师人才的培养。同时,高校体育教育专业人才竞争激烈。     

\"阳光体育运动\"的实施与体育教育专业的体操教学

全国亿万学生\"阳光体育运动\"的实施,是新时期加强青少年体育、增强青少年体质的战略举措,是各级学校贯彻\"健康第一\"指导思想和形成\"终身体育\"行为习惯的具体体现。体育教育专业体操教学应随着\"阳光体育运动\"的实施与中小学新一轮课改的需求,在课程内容加以充实和调整。     

我国体育健身娱乐市场初期发展阶段的基本动因初探

西方体育健身娱乐项目一进入中国大陆就走上了“阳春白雪”的路子。消费的超前性、追求的时尚性、观念的滞后性、对象的贵族性和经营管理的多样性等,无不体现某种逆向性的背离发展特征。中国体育健身娱乐市场初期发展阶段的发展动力来自于中西文化交流的碰撞与融合。我国中产阶层扭曲的消费行为和消费心理,公民余暇时间的增多和休闲方式的改变,公费消费陋习的推波助澜和外资企业对我国体育健身娱乐市场的关注和重视,使我国体育健身娱乐市场走入误区。我国体育健身娱乐市场的发展必须瞄准大众健身娱乐市场的最新发展动态;建立以体育联合会和单项体育协会为主体的健身体系,逐步形成和建立各运动项目的等级竞赛体系和竞赛规则,并以学校现有的场、馆、池为基础建立各单项体育俱乐部,以“薄利多销”、“广种多收”为经营宗旨,在全国范围内加大体育的宣传力度,走出养身误区,更新体育观念,逐步新建多功能体育健身娱乐场所,规范各项运动的活动时间和活动方式。这样,中国体育健身娱乐市场才具有更大的发展潜力和广阔的发展前景。