产学研联盟关系网络对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

本文基于2011—2020年中国上市公司数据,实证检验了产学研联盟关系网络对企业创新绩效的影响机制。研究结果发现:(1)产学研联盟关系网络有助于提升企业创新绩效;(2)产学研联盟关系网络有助于提升企业动态创新能力,动态创新能力有助于提升企业创新绩效,且动态创新能力中介了产学研联盟关系网络与企业创新绩效之间的关系;(3)研发水平负向调节了产学研联盟关系网络与企业创新绩效之间的关系,市场化水平和政府创新补助正向调节了产学研联盟关系网络与企业创新绩效之间的关系。本文研究结果为提高企业创新绩效,优化产学研联盟合作提供了新的思路。     

产业技术创新战略联盟：新时期我国产业共性技术研发的组织模式创新

产业技术创新战略联盟是产学研协同创新背景下促进我国产业共性技术研发,提升我国产业核心竞争力和自主创新能力的有效手段,是具有产业特征的合作研发的新型技术创新组织模式.目前我国产业技术创新战略联盟仍处于政府主导发展的初级阶段,联盟的构建涉及到企业、大学、科研机构等各类主体的合作与竞争的复杂关系,需要正确处理好政府顶层设计与市场机制调节之间的关系以适应我国产业共性技术研发和扩散的需要.     

中小企业技术联盟成员之间信任、关系承诺与合作绩效——基于浙江地区产业集群实证研究

以浙江部分地方产业集群中小企业技术联盟为研究对象,通过问卷调查探讨联盟成员间信任对关系承诺和合作绩效的影响.结果显示,(1)组织信任与个人信任存在着相互正向影响;(2)组织信任通过关系承诺对合作绩效的间接影响明显高于其直接影响,个人信任对合作绩效存在着显著的直接影响;(3)联盟成员在技术合作过程中更关注短期目标.     

2007-2017年国际科技政策研究热点与前沿——基于科学知识图谱视角

以国际科技政策研究权威期刊Research Policy(《科研政策》)2007-2017年发表的文献为研究对象,借助Vosviewer和Citespace II软件进行知识图谱可视化分析,分别制作了作者合作网络、国家合作网络、文献共被引和关键词共现网络等知识图谱。研究表明：(1)欧美发达国家引领了国际科技政策研究前沿,但国家的发文数量和影响力之间无明显线性比例关系,已有的作者合作网络中,跨国合作态势明显;(2)国际科技政策研究基础主要集中在社会技术创新范式、创新研究、企业开放式创新等六大领域;(3)创新政策是国际科技政策的主旋律,企业开放式创新、研发政策、创新绩效、知识管理、新兴产业政策等政策是国际科技政策的热点领域,同时我国更加关注研发政策;(4)科技政策演进先后经历了四个阶段,从国家创新系统为主导到技术创新与转移(技术转移、校企合作、企业创新)为主导,从产业发展实证研究为主导到研发补贴、需求侧供给侧研究、高校知识价值创造等多元化发展。     

知识转移效果的结构性指标对企业创新绩效的影响

围绕表征合作创新网络中知识转移效果的结构性指标:聚簇系数和到达率,利用中国国家知识产权局1999—2015年间信息与通信技术产业(ICT)的专利数据,提取生成涉及14 596家企业的大样本面板数据,实证分析聚簇系数和到达率等对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明:(1)合作网络的聚簇系数对企业创新绩效有显著地正向影响;(2)到达率在存在交互作用的模型中,具有统计显著性;(3)聚簇系数和到达率具有负向的交互作用;(4)结构洞对企业创新绩效具有显著正向影响;(5)研发人员投入对企业创新绩效具有显著正效应,知识积累对企业创新绩效具有显著负效应。针对此结论对企业及政府等提出了相关政策建议,以促进中国ICT产业更好的发展。     

基于典型相关分析的高技术产业研发创新投入与创新产出的关系研究

以我国高技术产业研发创新投入与创新产出之间的关系为研究对象,应用典型相关分析进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)高技术产业研发创新投入与创新产出之间呈相关性,且二者之间的相关关系具有统计学显著意义;(2)RD项目数和RD全时人员当量对于提高产品产值的正向作用显著,但是对于新产品销售收入具有一定的抑制作用;(3)RD项目经费和新产品开发项目数对新产品销售收入的正向作用显著。根据研究结论提出相应的政策建议。     

政府干预、产学联盟与企业技术创新

在经济转型期,产学联盟的技术创新行为和绩效在很大程度上受到来自各级政府的约束。通过考察产方(企业)与学方(高校及科研院所)的行为逻辑,将政府行为引入产学双方的目标函数,构建了一个"考虑政府行为的企业技术创新决策模型"。模型分析表明:(1)若提高对公共资源的干预力度,企业单位创新产出所耗费的资本与劳动将增加,即地方政府干预行为会导致企业创新要素利用低效率;(2)随着地方政府干预力度的不断增强,产学联盟双方会更加偏好于创新产出目标(以产值计),更多的公共资源被配置到创新与研发领域,进而有利于扩大整个社会的创新产出;(3)产学联盟收益分配应该遵循"要素相对重要性"原则,企业的创新收益或政府补贴应该向人力资本倾斜。由此引申出的政策含义是,在中央政府鼓励和支持产业(企业)创新的政策导向下,地方政府有动力加强对公共资源的配置,从而直接或间接提高了社会总的产出总量,但这是以牺牲创新资源利用效率为代价的,长远来看应该正确处理政府与市场的关系,建立以企业为主体的技术创新体系。     

高校及科研院所机构协同创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于社会网络的视角

本文以联盟管理、社会网络理论为基础，以参与“2011计划”协同创新中心的合作单位为研究对象，从组织声誉、联盟经验和网络中心性三个维度，对高校、科研院所的产学研合作协同创新绩效的影响因素进行了研究。在对国内外相关理论研究进行梳理与回顾的基础上，提出研究问题并建立实证研究模型，并利用二手数据进行分析验证。最终得到以下结论：（1）高校及科研院所的组织声誉与协同创新绩效之间的关系不显著；（2）高校及科研院所的联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系；（3）高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性对其联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间的关系起部分中介作用；（4）政府合作对高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性与其创新绩效之间关系的调节作用不显著。     

探索产学研联合新模式

<正>中国汽车工程学会一直致力于通过学术交流与研讨、科技评价与奖励、人才培训与认证、科技传播与普及推动汽车产业技术进步。近年来,在科技部的支持下,中汽学会紧紧围绕国家创新战略和产业自主创新需求,牵头组建了"汽车轻量化技术创新战略联盟"、"电动汽车产业技术创新战略联盟",围绕产业链构建创新链,着力突破制约产业发展的共性关键技术,打造产学研合作的公共研发平台,在提升我国汽车工业自主创新能力中发挥着不可     

青岛市产业技术创新战略联盟自评估报告统计分析

产业技术创新战略联盟作为一种重要的创新合作组织形式,对推动我国产业技术进步和提升国家竞争力具有重要意义。在十几年的发展过程中,对产业技术创新战略联盟的运行机制、运行绩效、运营监管等一直处于探索、观察、评价之中。本文通过对青岛市30家联盟自评估报告中数据、信息的统计分析,总结归纳出了青岛产业技术创新战略联盟发展中存在的问题与困难,并针对这些问题与困难提出了相应的政策建议。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.