对粤西高校田径教学训练中运动员损伤的调查分析

通过对广东粤西高校田径教学训练中运动员损伤的调查分析,发现运动员损伤主要是由于技术动作因素、准备活动因素和场地因素等几方面造成的。为此,希望通过对高校田径教学训练中运动损伤的研究,为减少运动损伤的发生,加强运动损伤的预防措施,建立体育医务监督等方面进行探讨,为全面提高公体田径教学质量奠定基础。     

职业足球运动员运动损伤的危险因素分析

对56名职业男性足球运动员进行相关测试及损伤调查，结果提示：高年龄的职业足球运动员发生运动损伤的危险程度比较高；胭肌拉伤的主要危险因素是年龄因素和陈旧损伤；腹股沟部拉伤的危险因素是陈旧损伤和髋关节外展ROM值的减小；陈旧损伤也是膝关节扭伤和踝关节扭伤的危险因素。     

少年田径运动员常见运动损伤分析

少年田径运动员的常见运动损伤多发生在下肢。在急性创伤中以肌肉拉伤和关节韧带扭伤为最多见。在慢性过劳性创伤中,以创伤性肌腱鞘炎、疲劳性骨膜炎和髌骨劳损为多见。本文对最常见的创伤性肌腱鞘炎的致伤原因、症状和防治方法讨论如下: 1.致伤的原因: 肌腱鞘炎是少年运动员非常多见的慢性创伤。少年田径运动员以踝关节部位屈跖肌为多见,伸跖     

田径高水平运动员运动损伤风险因素的评估与对策分析

通过文献资料调研、专家访谈、问卷调查、逻辑分析和统计处理等方法对田径运动员运动损伤风险因素进行研究,从6个维度:身体形态与机能因素、身体素质因素、训练组织因素、心理因素、环境因素和自我管理因素等进行评测,结合帕累托分析和列表排序法对运动员致伤风险因素进行评估,并提出了田径项目高水平运动员损伤致伤主要风险的预防对策,以期为田径运动员回避和降低损伤致伤风险,保证正常训练和比赛提供参考.     

人格特征对棒球运动员运动损伤的影响

以应激—运动损伤理论(Williams&Andersen,1998)为依据,以棒球运动员为研究对象,以艾森克人格问卷为人格测量工具,以经过翻译并修订的《运动员生活事件量表》为应激经历的测量工具,采用二项logistic回归分析(后退法)法,考察了人格特征对运动员运动损伤的影响效应。结果显示:内外向、消极事件、消极事件与内外向的交互作用3个变量的OR值分别为5.020(P<0.05)、3.035(P<0.05)、0.925(P<0.05)。这表明运动员越趋外向、承受的消极生活应激量越大,则发生急性运动损伤的可能性就越大;运动员在内外向上的特质与所承受的消极生活应激量对急性运动损伤的发生产生了交互作用。     

三级跳远运动损伤的调查及探究--以郑州大学体育学院田径专项为例

采用文献资料法、访谈法、数据统计法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法等方法,分析了郑州大学体育学院14级田径专项中50名学生三级跳远运动损伤的状况,为三级跳远运动损伤的预防提供科学依据。通过研究,三级跳远运动员在起跳的瞬间,人体腿部需要承受很大的压力,最大压力可达到自身体重的10倍以上,导致运动员肌肉、韧带、关节的损伤经常发生。目的:为减少不同程度的三级跳远运动损伤,根据调查研究有针对性地提出了有效的预防措施,来促进三级跳远训练的不断发展。     

山西省太原市3所高中业余田径运动员损伤调查及其分析

多年来,运动损伤一直影响着田径运动员的训练和比赛,使科学系统的训练和比赛难以按计划正常进行,导致一批有前途的运动员过早地离开田径场,严重阻碍了田径运动水平的不断提高。为了避免和减少运动员在训练、比赛中的伤病发生,延长运动员的运动生涯,提高训练质量。本文通过对山西省太原市3所高中业余田径运动员的常见损伤进行了调查统计和分析,并通过问卷调查分析其田径课余训练运动损伤的原因,具体区分男女运动员不同项目、不同层次运动损伤的特点,对其进行总结归纳从而将运动损伤率降低到最低,使我市业余田径运动员预防损伤的意识增强、整体水平提高、运动寿命延长。为该地区教练制定田径业余训练、考学安全预防措施、积极调整学生心理状态,提供依据;使得训练、比赛、考学顺利进行,最终达到提高整个市的运动水平,为我国田径事业的蓬勃发展奠定基础。     

粤西地区体育高考运动员运动损伤的原因和规律

本文对粤西地区部分高中体育高考田径训练队的运动员通过问卷调查等方法研究，对他们训练过程中的运动损伤情况进行了调查与分析。发现运动损伤的主要因素和损伤部位以及造成损伤的主要运动项目。探讨了运动员在运动过程中发生运动损伤的原因、规律和特点，同时有针对性地提出必要的预防措施和相关建议。     

竞赛特质焦虑多维结构与运动员急性运动损伤的关系:直接影响效应和调节效应

应激-运动损伤理论认为人格特征对于运动员急性运动损伤的影响存在直接影响效应和调节效应,为验证该假设,研究采用《运动焦虑量表》对243名运动员的多维竞赛特质焦虑进行了测量,并对其过去1年内急性运动损伤的情况进行调查,最后主要采用二项Logistic回归分析,考察了运动员多维竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的影响效应。研究结果显示:担忧性竞赛特质焦虑、躯体化竞赛特质焦虑以及担忧性竞赛特质焦虑与消极生活应激的交互作用的OR值分别为1.782(P<0.05)、1.381(P<0.05)、1.091(P<0.05),表明运动员的躯体化竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的发生具有直接影响效应,而认知性竞赛特质焦虑既对急性运动损伤产生直接影响效应,又能调节消极生活应激对急性运动损伤的影响,起到调节变量的作用。     

田径教学训练中防治运动损伤的措施

田径训练中,发生运动损伤是极为常见的。在跑步、跳跃及投掷运动时发生的损伤一般有皮肤擦伤、肌肉拉伤、关节韧带损伤、肌痉挛、脱臼和骨折等。一旦发生运动损伤,如处理不及时,不仅给运动员造成身体上或心理上的痛苦,而且对训练带来损失。了解和掌握防治运动损伤有关的知识,对保证训练的正常进行,提高训练质量,促进健康,延长运动寿命大有裨益。     

Effects of flexibility and strength training on peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting

BackgroundHamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.MethodsA total of 20 male college students (aged 18–24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.ResultsParticipants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017).ConclusionIncreasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.     

职业女子篮球运动员联赛准备期损伤特征调查研究——以江苏女子篮球运动员为例

目的：通过对江苏女子篮球运动员在联赛准备期中损伤特征的研究,为有效控制职业女子篮球运动员的损伤风险提供研究依据。方法：以备战2018-2019年WCBA联赛的14名江苏女子篮球运动员为研究对象,通过sRPE监控运动员的训练负荷,通过跟踪调查记录运动员的损伤情况,分析训练负荷对损伤的影响。结果：江苏女子篮球运动员的慢性损伤率为100%,非接触性急性损伤高于接触性急性损伤,健将级运动员的损伤风险显著高于一级运动员（P=0.020）;sRPE与基于Polar心率带的训练负荷得分（r=0.644,P=0.000）有显著性强相关;以中等负荷组（491~590 AU）为参照,低负荷组（98~490 AU）损伤风险有所降低（OR=0.912）,而高负荷组（591~676 AU）的损伤风险（OR=2.174）和极高负荷组（677~1 219 AU）的损伤风险（OR=1.692）有所增大,其中高负荷组的损伤风险显著性上升（P=0.040）。结论：职业女子篮球运动员普遍患有慢性损伤,好发非接触性损伤,损伤部位以膝关节、足踝部和腰部为主;健将级运动员比一级运动员发生损伤的风险明显更高;中等负荷的训练课下运动员有较低的损伤风险,但减少负荷并不能有效降低损伤风险;相反增大负荷会使损伤风险显著增加,而进一步增大负荷时损伤风险又会有所下降。     

Is hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratio useful for predicting anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries? A systematic and critical review

BackgroundFor the past 30 years, the hamstring (H)-to-quadriceps (Q) (H:Q) torque ratio has been considered an important index of muscle strength imbalance around the knee joint. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the value of H:Q torque ratio as an independent risk factor for hamstring and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.MethodsDatabase searches were performed to identify all relevant articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Prospective studies evaluating the conventional (concentric H:Q), functional (eccentric H: concentric Q), and mixed (eccentric H at 30°/s: concentric Q at 240°/s) H:Q ratios as risk factors for occurrence of hamstring muscle strain or ACL injury were considered. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool.ResultsEighteen included studies reported 585 hamstrings injuries in 2945 participants, and 5 studies documented 128 ACL injuries in 2772 participants. Best evidence synthesis analysis indicated that there is very limited evidence that H:Q strength ratio is an independent risk factor for hamstring and ACL injury, and this was not different between various ratio types. Methodological limitations and limited evidence for ACL injuries and some ratio types might have influenced these results.ConclusionThe H:Q ratio has limited value for the prediction of ACL and hamstring injuries. Monitoring strength imbalances along with other modifiable factors during the entire competitive season may provide a better understanding of the association between H:Q ratio and injury.     

Lower eccentric hamstring strength and single leg hop for distance predict hamstring injury in PETE students

Abstract

Hamstring injuries have not been under research in physical education teacher education (PETE) students so far. Within the frame of the development of an injury prevention program, for this study we conducted an analysis of modifiable risk factors for hamstring injuries in PETE students. Hamstring injuries of 102 freshmen bachelor PETE students were registered prospectively during one academic year. Eighty-one students completed maximum muscle strength tests of hip extensors, hamstrings, quadriceps (isometric) and hamstrings (eccentric) at the start of the academic year. Sixty-nine of the latter completed a single leg hop for distance (SLHD). Risk factors for hamstring injuries were statistically detected using logistic regression. Sixteen hamstring injuries (0.16 injuries/student/academic year; 0.46 injuries/1000 h) occurred to 10 participants. Eight cases were included in the risk factor analysis. Lower eccentric hamstring strength (odds ratio (ODD) = 0.977; p = 0.043), higher isometric/eccentric hamstring strength ratio (ODD = 970.500; p = 0.019) and lower score on the SLHD (ODD = 0.884; p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for hamstring injury. A combination of eccentric hamstring strength test and SLHD could give a good risk analysis of hamstring injuries in PETE students. This might offer great perspectives for easily applicable screening in a clinical setting.     

How should we categorise self-reported data on subsequent injuries?*

Classifying subsequent injuries is of high importance in injury epidemiology since a previous injury has been reported to increase the risk of a new injury or increase the risk of a more severe injury. Multiple reports have shown that self-reported data provide an extensive view of an injury problem and add valuable information to the understanding of the athlete’s health. The purpose of this study was to display a method that can be used to facilitate classification of subsequent injuries and to discuss challenges faced when categorising subsequent injuries based on self-reported data. The suitability of a new model for Subsequent Injuries Adjusted for Self-reported data (SIAS model) was demonstrated with sport injury data from a cohort of 101 adolescent elite track & field athletes, followed over 52 weeks. A total number of 71 subsequent injuries were identified. Of all subsequent injuries, recurrent injuries represented 69.0% (n?=?49) and 31.0% (n?=?22) were classified as new injuries. The majority of subsequent injuries (n?=?60, 84.5%) occurred after athletes had recovered from a previous injury. Of all subsequent injuries, 15.5% (n?=?11) represented injuries where athletes had not fully recovered from a previous injury. Application of the SIAS model allows for classification of subsequent injuries based on self-reported data on the recovery level of the athletes, the injury onset and injury type. The developed SIAS model follows the consensus recommendations of injury definition, injury classification and is an attempt to increase the understanding of the complex relationship of subsequent injuries in self-reported data sets.     

Injury rate,mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports: A review of the literature

Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury. Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed, such as Australian football, English rugby, American football, and soccer. Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force, and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury. Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running. Shortened optimum muscle length, lack of muscle flexibility, strength imbalance, insufficient warm-up, fatigue, lower back injury, poor lumbar posture, and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions, age, race, and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors. The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors, however, is lacking, and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent. Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.     

Injury prevention in male youth soccer: Current practices and perceptions of practitioners working at elite English academies

Forty-one practitioners inclusive of physiotherapists, sports scientists and strength and conditioning coaches from the academies of elite soccer clubs in the United Kingdom completed an on-line questionnaire which examined their: (1) background information; (2) perceptions of injury occurrence and risk factors; (3) screening and return to play; and (4) approach to designing and delivering injury prevention programmes with a response rate of 55% (41/75). Contact injuries were the most common mechanism reported and players between 13–16 years of age were perceived to be at the greatest risk. Pertinent risk factors included: reduced lower limb and eccentric hamstring strength, proprioception, muscle imbalances, and under developed foundational movement skills. Joint range of motion, jump tests, the functional movement screen, overhead and single leg squats were the most utilised screening methods. Training modalities rated in order of importance included: resistance training, flexibility development, agility, plyometrics and balance training. Training frequency was most commonly once or twice per week, during warm-ups, independent sessions or a combination of both. Injury prevention strategies in this cohort appear to be logical; however, the classification of injury occurrence and application of screening tools to identify “at risk” players do not align with existing research. The frequency and type of training used may also be insufficient to elicit an appropriate stimulus to address pertinent risk factors based on current recommendations.     

The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains

ABSTRACT

The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains. Background: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are very common sports injuries, cause high health care costs and are associated with postural control deficits. From a preventive point of view, clinicians should dispose valid field tests to identify athletes at risk for a LAS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of the multiple hop test (MHT) for first-time noncontact LAS. Methods: Non-elite athletes (n = 232) performed the MHT at baseline. During a 12-month follow-up period, all noncontact LAS related to health care costs were recorded. Outcomes of the MHT (completion time, balance errors and perceived difficulty) between the injured and uninjured group were compared and odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Ten first-time noncontact LAS were recorded (4.3%). Injured athletes made significantly more change-in-support strategy (CSS) errors when compared to uninjured athletes (p = .04). The OR of the number of CSS errors was 1.14 (p = .03), the RR 4.1 (p = .04). Conclusions: Athletes scoring > 12 CSS errors, have a four times increased risk for a first-time noncontact LAS. The MHT is a valid field test to identify athletes at risk for a first-time noncontact LAS.     

运动员腘绳肌损伤后重返赛场评估标准研究

腘绳肌损伤是运动员最常见的损伤之一,损伤后极易复发并影响运动表现。运动员团队最关心的问题是能否尽早恢复训练和重返赛场,尽可能减少停训反应,但是盲目地早期运动,不仅加重症状,再次损伤的风险也会升高。本文归纳总结了近年来最新研究成果,建议做好临床、运动功能、心理三方面的评估,达到以下标准方可重返赛场：损伤部位无痛,患肢柔韧性和关节活动范围恢复伤前水平,无疼痛恐惧感,力量达到伤前90%水平;加减速、冲刺、变向、耐力、灵敏度、有氧和无氧等运动专项能力达到伤前90%水平;心理评估分值达到75分以上,恢复重返赛场的信心。     

Stress-related psychological factors for back pain among athletes: Important topic with scarce evidence

Health issues represent a frequent problem for athletes, as this particular demographic is repeatedly confronted with physically and psychologically stressful situations. Back pain (BP) materialises as comparatively common health problem being regarded as functionally limiting and psychologically straining burden for athletes. According to research conducted on athletes with BP, biomechanical and physiological mechanisms emerge as influential, whereas stress-related psychological factors appear to be neglected. For athletic injuries, the essential impact of psychological processes on injury occurrence and return from injury has already been corroborated. Hence, the aim of this literature review is to: (1) introduce a conceptual differentiation between injuries and BP; (2) summarise the results obtained regarding stress-related psychological aspects for injuries; and (3) connect the injury research to the state-of-the-art evidence regarding stress-related factors for BP among athletes. A distinction between injuries and BP could be established based on previous definitions, despite the fact that a considerable overlap between both concepts prevails. Injuries can be attributed to a physical origin, whereas BP frequently lacks this physical criterion. For BP, our enquiry yielded four studies including psychological measures of stress – with two studies specifically examining the association between BP and psychological stress among athletes longitudinally. Abundant findings from the general population support the importance of considering psychological and specifically stress-related factors in BP prevention and rehabilitation, but evidence related to the athletic field remains elusive. Further scientific investigations with a wider methodological approach are needed to deepen the knowledge about the crucial relationship between psychological stress, BP, and athletes.