国家队专项器材管理系统的研制与应用

为提高国家队专项器材管理效率,依据《国家队专项器材暂行管理办法》,在调研建立国家队专项器材配置标准基础上,利用COM 组件技术,开发研制了“国家队专项器材管理系统”软件,该软件在2004年的试用、2005年的全面推广应用中,取得了较好的效果,基本满足了国家体育总局经济司、16     

我国自行车运动科学训练理论与训练监控研究现状

自行车是典型的体能性运动项目,专项体能水平是决定比赛成绩的重要因素,心理、战术、技术等对于竞技水平的发挥有着重要影响作用,自行车运动员科学训练是取得优异成绩的保障。对我国自行车运动科学训练理论发展及训练监控的研究现状进行综述,对科学训练中的一些热点问题和主要研究成果进行评述,并对以后发展方向提出了展望,以期对我国自行车运动研究与实践提供参考。     

国家队部分教练员和科研人员赴美培训

为备战2008年北京奥运会,国家体育总局于2007年6月举办了国家队教练员科学训练专项赴美国培训班。培训班分两个阶段:国内培训阶段(自6月6—8日在北京体育大学国家体育总局干部培训中心),国外培训阶段(自6月9—29日在美国科罗拉多、洛杉矶和马里兰等地)。     

滑雪运动员速度力量和耐力训练的生理特点

滑雪运动员的身体训练是指发展力量、耐力、速度、灵敏、协调和柔韧训练等,身体训练是专项训练的基础,直接影响着专项身体素质、专项能力和运动成绩的发挥。对滑雪运动员身体训练生理特点的研究,为提高滑雪运动水平提供了重要而科学的理论依据。     

高水平女子撑竿跳运动员的大周期力量训练分期

对我国2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员一个参赛周期的力量训练分期进行研究。结果认为:(1)根据撑竿跳运动专项力量构成特点,一个参赛周期的力量训练可沿基础性全身力量训练、原动肌肉体积适度增加训练、原动肌肉最大力量提高训练、专项爆发力提高训练、最大力量与专项爆发力保持训练途径进行阶段性复合训练;(2)分期式力量训练不仅有助于专项力量的转化与提高,而且可以保证竞赛期专项力量在比赛中发挥积极的作用。通过个案研究发现,2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员经过系统性力量分期训练,在各项最大力量(负重半蹲、上斜卧推、肩上推举、硬拉、腿弯举、提踵)与专项力量指标(下肢无氧功率自行车测试、助跑5级跨跳远、跳远)上较上一训练周期有了较明显的提高,并促进了专项成绩的进一步提高。     

中国散打队奥运攻关研究报告——优秀散打运动员机能状态监控与评定方法的建立

目的：通过对我国优秀散打运动员多年来重大比赛和2008年北京奥运备战工作的总结,对散打运动员机能状态监控与评定方法进行梳理,以期更好地从科研角度为教练员的科学训练提供参考与保障。方法：以国家队、上海散打运动员为研究对象,从2004年-2008年主要训练阶段对运动员机能状态进行生理生化监控。结果：1、生理测试可以从不同角度反映运动员机能状态。2、不同生化指标在反映运动员机体物质代谢情况时存在敏感性以及个体差异性。结论：1、实验室测试应结合运动员专项进行,选择合适的指标与测试方法,才能更好地反映运动员的机能状态与专项能力。2、根据测试目的选用合适的指标,结合运动员实验室测试、主观感觉、客观检查及表现等,并对运动员进行纵向比较与综合评定,才能得出可靠的结论。     

对我国48～56 kg级高水平男子散打运动员专项运动素质结构的研究

采用体育测量和统计分析等方法,选取有代表性的专项运动素质指标进行分析,对我国48～56kg级高水平男子散打运动员专项运动素质结构加以研究.正确分析散打专项运动素质与运动成绩的关系,以期为小级别男子散打运动员的专项运动素质训练提供科学的理论依据,最终为提高我国散打运动水平服务.     

我国优秀大级别男子散打运动员专项身体素质评价标准研究

以备战2008年北京奥运会国家散打队大级别男子散打运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料等方法对其专项身体素质的16项指标进行了测量,并运用SPSS10.0软件的主成分分析等多元统计分析方法对测量结果进行处理.结果表明:专项身体素质主要是由拳法耐力因子、腿法耐力因子等七方面组成;认定10s直拳、10s鞭腿等8项指标是反映其竞技水平的主要专项身体素质指标,并分析了专项身体素质与运动成绩的关系,制定了专项身体素质单项和综合发展水平评价标准以及专项身体素质发展均衡度的评价标准.经检验,所制定的各项评价标准效果较好,可为专项身体素质训练的科学化以及选材提供较为科学的参考依据.     

运动员营养补充与运动能力关系的研究

现代竞技运动对迢动员耐力、速度、敏捷与专项力量的考验越发明卫。随着运动营养学的发展,营养支持对于运动黄在高速度、强对抗的运动中快速缓解疲劳、补充能量以及增强体能等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。本文旨在研究如何运用营养学的方法,科学提升运动员运动能力并保持最佳竞技状态。     

等速离心训练对青年女子篮球运动员专项运动能力的影响

本篮球是一项以体能为基础的同场竞技项目,变向、跳跃、急停急起等技术动作在比赛中使用频率极高,决定了下肢离心收缩能力逐渐成为运动技术稳定发挥的决定因素,等速离心训练为下肢的离心训练提供了一个新的方式。本文以河南省青年女子篮球运动员专项运动能为研究对象,运用文献资料法、访谈法、实验法、数据统计法对河南省青年女子篮球队队员专项素质的发展进行实验,对比等速离心训练前后,运动员变距折返跑、助跑摸高、菱形运球成绩的变化,挑战女篮运动员自身的体能潜力,促使河南省青年女子篮球运动员的专项运动技能在场上得到充分发挥,为我国篮球运动科学训练提供参考。     

高校普通学生运动队的现状调查与对策研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,对中国高校普通运动队的基本现状进行了分析研究,旨在找出在认识、管理和队伍建设上存在的主要问题,探索高校普通运动队伍建设和发展对策,以引起有关部门和相关专业人士的重视和关注,为促进高校体育运动队建设和发展提供参考。     

Jump higher,run faster: effects of diversified sport participation on talent identification and selection in youth basketball

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to examine the medium-term effects of previous experiences during early stages of sport development on physical capacities of under-13 (U-13) talented basketball players and, to identify variables that discriminated under-14 (U-14) national team training camp selection. Anthropometrical and physical measurements were collected during a basketball training camp. Previous sport experiences (6–10 years), maturity offset, power outputs for jumping and sprinting were determined. A cluster analysis was used to allocate the subjects according to their different levels of sport experiences (more specialized vs. less specialized) to allow creating a dummy variable for the subsequent analysis of the physical variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was computed to identify the construct that best classifies selected and non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp. The less specialized group outscored more specialized in all physical parameters, irrespectively of gender. The Abalakov Jump Peak Power and Predicted Adult Height (PAH) could successfully discriminate selected from non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp in boys and PAHin girls. The diversified and non-specific sport stimulus during early ages seem to be determinant to the acquisition and development of fundamental movement skills of talented basketball players.     

国家队训练场(馆)标语设置理论、问题与策略

对国家队训练场(馆)标语进行理论研究,探讨其设置理论、问题与策略。研究表明,国家队训练场(馆)标语具有时空性和专项性特点,并以可视化载体形式对运动员实施目视管理;国家队训练场(馆)标语可按内容设置、作用和形式进行分类;国家队训练场(馆)标语设置的影响因素有语言、内容、形式和传播等;国家队训练场(馆)标语可以从有效性、创新性和简洁性等方面来进行评价;目前国家队训练场(馆)标语还存在个别标语内容失当与"不良标语"、标语形式化、标语使用过度和管理机制尚未完善等问题。其改进策略是:1)从语言学视角规范国家队训练场(馆)标语用词;2)从管理学视角加强国家队训练场(馆)标语的看板与目视管理作用;3)从传播学视角拓宽国家队训练场(馆)标语的传播途径;4)从广告学视角完善或改进国家队训练场(馆)标语设计与制作形式。     

福建省高校高水平运动队管理现状及对策研究

采用调查法、文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,以福建省6所招收高水平运动员的高校高水平运动队作为研究对象,对我省高校高水平运动队的管理现状进行调查研究,并探讨了相关的发展对策,以期为21世纪福建省高校高水平运动队的可持续发展提供参考与借鉴。     

The coordination of labour in sports teams

Understanding how the actions of members of sports teams are organised and coordinated is a key challenge for sport psychology and, until recently, extant theory within sport psychology has allowed few insights into this topic. This article considers how the labour in sports teams is organised, why the organisational structure of sports teams introduces an acute need for team coordination, and why coordination in teams is difficult to achieve. It also considers the team-level social-cognitive states and processes required to achieve coordination. Implications of the conceptual framework outlined here are presented for current theory and future research on team functioning within sport psychology as well as for applied practitioners working with sports teams.     

Creating fans from scratch: A qualitative analysis of child consumer brand perceptions of a new sport team

When a new sport team enters an existing league, branding becomes an important tool the team uses to establish itself and gain a following within the community. Previous research on new sport teams has focused on adult attachment and formation of fan communities, but few researchers have focused on children learning to value brands and branding techniques. Through this study, the authors examine the aspects of branding efforts, specifically branded imagery and associations, that children find important, relevant, and representative of a new sport team. A drawing contest for children ages 5–14 enrolled in public schools executed in conjunction with a local single-A baseball team after their inaugural season revealed many brand associations traditionally tied to adult fans of both new and established sport teams were irrelevant to the child participants included in this study. Branded imagery was also not used by any participants before the age of 7, extending current research on branding and child development to highlight the lack of effectiveness of branding on children younger than 7. Further findings are also discussed.     

现阶段我国竞技体育运动训练队管理体制的探讨——“王濛打人事件”引发的思考

国家短道速滑队2011年7月在青岛发生的"王濛打人事件",使人们不约而同地将目光转向了我国竞技体育运动训练队深层次管理体制问题上来。文章通过文献资料法和专家走访法,分析了"王濛打人事件"引发出的思考,并对我国现阶段竞技体育运动训练队的管理体制进行探讨。     

Sport team personality: It’s not all about winning!

As there is still no commonly accepted scale to measure the brand personality of sport teams, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Sport Team Personality Scale (STPS) in a professional sport context. The authors conducted a series of studies in the United States and United Kingdom with fans of the English Premier League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League. The STPS contains 18 items that load onto six factors: success, talent, entertainment, dedication, admiration, and care. The authors compared this new scale with existing sport team personality scales and used it to explore team identification and perceptual similarities and differences among teams. Results indicate that teams map along performance (i.e., success and talent) and character (i.e., admiration and care) factors and that the character factor is a more important source of team identification than the performance factor. Taken together, these results illustrate how the STPS can help sport managers position and differentiate teams within a league to improve marketing outcomes.     

Teamwork in sport: a theoretical and integrative review

A commonly held belief in sports is the need for team members to be able to work well together in order for that team to be successful. Despite this assumption, research in the field of sport psychology has yet to formally or sufficiently conceptualize what is meant by teamwork. In this theoretical and integrative review, we draw from the extant organizational psychology and team development literature to present a multidimensional conceptual framework of teamwork in sport. We provide a working definition of teamwork in sport and discuss how teamwork sits within a broader model of team effectiveness. We conclude by providing an overview of salient research avenues on teamwork and team effectiveness in sport, which have potential implications for guiding interventions with sports teams.     

The success culture of Nordic football: the cases of the national men’s teams of Norway in the 1990s and Iceland in the 2010s

Abstract

Every now and then – but with surprising regularity – small nations break through to the international level in sports and attract the attention of the global sports world. This paper focuses on two such occasions in men’s international football: the Norwegian national team in the 1990s and Iceland’s national team in the 2010s. We conducted case studies of the two teams, which consisted of interviews, observation of games and published material. The key emerging themes were how sport successes in Norway and Iceland took place amid the developing professionalism of sport, and how both teams built on important elements from amateurism and professionalism in their successful sporting conquests. We argue that some of the team’s characteristics were founded in a specifically Nordic mentality, which at the right time with the right message manifests in great achievements. Finally, the study follows the decay of the Norwegian national team in the new millennium and suggests that Icelandic football could face the same decline in results as Norway did 20 years earlier.