单个微小通道中液氮流动沸腾换热实验研究（英文）

目的:面向液体火箭发动机再生冷却,针对较高亚临界压力下单个垂直微小通道中液氮的流动沸腾传热特性开展实验研究,讨论并分析热流密度、密流和入口压力对沸腾曲线和局部换热系数的影响,以获得液氮在微小通道中较高亚临界压力下的流动沸腾传热机理及实验关系式。创新点:1.通过工况参数对沸腾曲线和局部换热系数的影响分析,得到液氮在微小通道中较高亚临界压力下的流动沸腾传热机理;2.提出微小通道中较高亚临界压力下的流动沸腾传热修正关系式。方法:1.通过实验方法,得到液氮在微小通道中较高亚临界压力下的沸腾曲线和局部换热系数;2.通过实验与理论分析相结合,得到液氮在微小通道中较高亚临界压力下的流动沸腾传热机理;3.通过理论分析,将实验结果与六种预测关系式进行比较,并根据实验数据提出一种改进的实验关系式(表7)。结论:1.热流密度对换热系数有较大影响,随着热流密度的增大,出现了三种变化趋势;2.在实验范围内,密流的增大抑制了核态沸腾,并且降低了环状流的局部换热系数;3.入口压力的增大在较大干度范围内增大了局部换热系数,直到局部蒸干的出现;4.综合考虑核态沸腾和局部蒸干两种主导传热机理,在Tran关系式的基础上提出了一种适用于较高亚临界压力条件下微小通道中液氮流动沸腾的修正实验关系式(平均绝对误差为19.3%)。     

螺旋槽式翅片管沸腾强化传热特性的研究

为研究一种新型强化传热管的传热效果,对光管、普通翅片管和螺旋槽式翅片管在不同流量条件下的传热特性进行了比较研究.实验中管程工质为水蒸气,壳程通入饱和液态水作为冷源.结果表明,螺旋槽式翅片管的换热量明显高于光管和普通翅片管,并且随着流体流量的增加,传热效率的提高也更加明显.当蒸汽温度140℃时,螺旋槽式翅片管沸腾传热系数...     

弹性管束换热器传热与阻力特性的实验研究

对弹性管束水-水换热器的传热与阻力特性进行了研究。主要分析了换热器在不同工况下的传热系数的变化规律;研究了弹性管束在管外流体和管内流体的共同诱导作用下,管外和管内对流换热的情况;并对管程和壳程的流动阻力损失进行了实验测量,得出了管程和壳程的阻力损失变化的规律,以及换热器管程阻力损失的计算方法。     

高通量管实验研究及再沸器设计

对铜光管和铜高通量管在不同的热流密度下的传热性能进行了实验研究,管内工质质量分数为70%的乙二醇水溶液,管外工质为饱和水蒸汽。结果表明,高通量管的强化传热性能非常明显,在实验范围内,高通量管的沸腾传热系数是光管的1.55~1.96倍,冷凝传热系数是光管的1.56~1.67倍,总传热系数是光管的1.54~1.87倍。对实验数据进行了分析,得到了高通量管在乙二醇水溶液和饱和水蒸汽中的传热关联式。根据此关联式,进行了高通量再沸器和普通再沸器的对比设计,高通量再沸器可节省换热面积33.5%。     

陶瓷靶材的制备及性能表征

以ZnO、Al2O3粉体为原料,采用常压烧结方法制备高导电性Al:ZnO(AZO)陶瓷靶材,并系统研究了不同的成型压力、烧结工艺及其烧结温度对靶材电学特性和密度的影响。结果表明:成型压力的大小对于ZAO靶材本身的密度、成品率及最后烧结的性能都有很大的影响。成型压力为14Mpa时,靶材的电阻率最小,为0.35Ωcm。烧结温度的选择也是制备靶材的关键,为了避免靶材出现断层、上表面壳曲、微裂纹甚至开裂现象,要采用缓慢升温,长时间保温与缓慢降温的方法。实验表明,在1250℃时,AZO靶材表面平整致密,基本上达到了陶瓷靶材的烧结终点。     

烧结316L不锈钢粉末多孔材料的K_(IC)性能研究

以316L不锈钢粉末为原料,采用模压成形与烧结工艺,制备出孔隙度为20%～45%的烧结316L不锈钢粉末多孔材料,分别采用了1 150℃和1 200℃烧结温度.研究了烧结温度、孔隙度对烧结316L不锈钢粉末多孔材料的断裂韧度的影响.结果表明:断裂韧度随孔隙度的升高呈下降趋势,但断裂韧度与孔隙度是一种非单调的函数关系.表面裂纹总是沿着烧结颗粒边缘、孔隙等结构薄弱环节扩展.     

"沸点随气压改变"演示实验设计的探讨与改进

"水在常压下沸腾"与"水在低压下沸腾"两个演示实验,存在一些弊端:因此对该实验我进行了以下设计和改进:     

Al_2O_3吸附CHOH的动力学研究

采用静态固相吸附法研究了不同性质的氧化铝吸附甲醛的动力学,并与真空条件下的氧化铝对甲醛气体的吸附量进行了比较,结果发现真空条件下的氧化铝(分析纯)对甲醛气体的吸附量近乎是常温常压条件下的氧化铝(分析纯)对甲醛气体吸附量的2倍,其他性质的氧化铝在常温常压条件下对甲醛气体的吸附量也很大,但是不同粒度的活性炭吸附甲醛气体的吸附量略大于氧化铝.     

Al_2O_3吸附CHOH的动力学研究

采用静态固相吸附法研究了不同性质的氧化铝吸附甲醛的动力学,并与真空条件下的氧化铝对甲醛气体的吸附量进行了比较,结果发现真空条件下的氧化铝(分析纯)对甲醛气体的吸附量近乎是常温常压条件下的氧化铝(分析纯)对甲醛气体吸附量的2倍,其他性质的氧化铝在常温常压条件下对甲醛气体的吸附量也很大,但是不同粒度的活性炭吸附甲醛气体的吸附量略大于氧化铝.     

立式螺旋管内过冷沸腾起始点实验研究（英文）

以R134a为工质,对立式螺旋管内过冷沸腾起始点进行了实验研究.实验参数范围为:压力450～850kPa,入口过冷度4. 7～15. 0℃,热流密度0. 11～8. 9 kW/m~2,质量流量218. 2 to 443. 7 kg/(m~2·s).对立式螺旋管内过冷沸腾起始点的热流密度、过热度和温度下降幅度进行了分析,研究了质量流量、系统压力、入口过冷度和螺旋管几何参数对过冷沸腾起始点的影响.实验结果表明:过冷沸腾起始点的热流密度和过热度随着质量流量和入口过冷度的增大而增大,但是随着系统压力和螺旋直径的增大而减小;螺旋节距对过冷沸腾起始点的热流密度和过热度的影响很小.基于实验数据提出了螺旋管内过冷沸腾起始点热流密度的关联式,且该关联式的预测精度较高.     

Heat transfer characteristics of air cross-flow for in-line arrangement of spirally corrugated tube and smooth tube bundles

An experimental study on heat transfer and resistance coefficients of linearly arranged smooth and spirally corrugated tube bundles in cross-flow was performed. The heat transfer and resistance coefficients are presented in this paper with transverse and longitudinal tube-pitch and tube geometries taken into account. The experiment's results can provide technical guidelines for application to horizontal air preheater with arranged in-line spirally corrugated tube bundles, especially to the air preheater for CFBCBs (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Boilers).     

Numerical study on heat transfer enhancement for use of corrugated,nodal and horizontal grain tubes

With isopentane as working fluid, the heat transfer performances for corrugated, nodal and horizontal grain tubes are simulated. The structural parameters of the three kinds of tubes are compared with those of the plain tube. The numerical results using computational fluid dynamics are validated with theoretical values. For the corrugated, nodal and horizontal grain tubes, the heat transfer enhancements(HTEs) are 2.31—2.53, 1.18—1.86 and 1.02—1.31 times of those of the plain tube, respectively. However, the improved HTEs are at the expense of pressure losses. The drag coefficients are 6.10—7.09, 2.06—11.03 and 0.53—1.83 higher, respectively. From the viewpoint of comprehensive heat transfer factor, the corrugated tube is recommended for engineering applications, followed by the horizontal grain tube.     

多孔陶瓷管式露点间接蒸发冷却器的设计计算

为了提高管式间接蒸发冷却器壁面的亲水性,提出了一种采用多孔陶瓷材料的新方法.该方法将多孔陶瓷材料与蒸发冷却技术有机结合,从一次空气风量和二次空气风量、一次空气状态参数和二次空气状态参数、冷却器结构、固体多孔陶瓷管的传热以及冷却器阻力等方面对多孔陶瓷管式露点间接蒸发冷却器进行了设计计算.计算结果表明该设计合理可行.最后,依据设计制作出多孔陶瓷管式露点间接蒸发冷却器.     

螺旋隔板单管换热器性能实验研究

以水一水换热为实验对象,研究了螺旋隔板单管换热器的传热与流阻性能。实验结果表明,在相同的Re值下,螺旋隔板花瓣管单管换热器的壳程传热准数Nu是螺旋隔板光滑管单管换热器的2—4倍,压降只是它的1．4—1．8倍,证明花瓣管具有十分优越的强化传热性能,其与螺旋隔板搭配构成的换热器具有良好的传热与压降性能。在实验范围内,花瓣管翅片高度的增加、翅间距的减少都有利于传热强化性能的提高。     

Influence of compression-expansion effect on oscillating-flow heat transfer in a finned heat exchanger

Compression and expansion of a working gas due to the pressure oscillation of an oscillating flow can lead to a temperature variation of the working gas, which will affect the heat transfer in the oscillating flow. This study focuses on the impact of the compression-expansion effect, indicated by the pressure ratio, on the heat transfer in a finned heat exchanger under practical operating conditions of the ambient-temperature heat exchangers in Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerators. The experimental results summarized as the Nusselt number are presented for analysis. An increase in the pressure ratio can result in a marked rise in the Nusselt number, which indicates that the compression-expansion effect should be considered in characterizing the heat transfer of the oscillating flow, especially in the cases with a higher Valensi number and a lower maximum Reynolds number.     

基于Fluent螺旋槽管沸腾换热的数值模拟

基于FLUENT软件对制冷剂R134a在水平螺旋槽管管外沸腾换热进行了三维数值模拟,得到了其饱和泡状沸腾过程中体积含汽率的分布规律和换热系数,并和光管进行了比较。结果表明螺旋槽管外侧能够很好地强化沸腾传热。此外,还通过改变边界条件分析了质量流量、热流密度的变化对螺旋管管外沸腾换热系数的影响。     

Numerical study of heat transfer characteristics of downward supercritical kerosene flow inside circular tubes

The heat transfer characteristics of China RP-3 aviation kerosene flowing in a vertical downward tube with an inner diameter of 4 mm under supercritical pressures are numerically studied. A ten-species surrogate model is used to calculate the thermophysical properties of kerosene and the re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulent model with the enhanced wall treatment is adopted to consider the turbulent effect. The effects of mass flow rate, wall heat flux, inlet temperature, and pressure on heat transfer are investigated. The numerical results show that three types of heat transfer deterioration exist for the aviation kerosene flow. The first type of deterioration occurred at the tube inlet region and is caused by the development of the thermal boundary layer, while the other two types are observed when the inner wall temperature or the bulk fuel temperature approaches the pseudo-critical temperature. The heat transfer coefficient increases with the increasing mass flow rate and the decreasing wall heat flux, while the inlet bulk fluid temperature only influences the starting point of the heat transfer coefficient curve plotted against the bulk fluid temperature. The increase of inlet pressure can effectively eliminate the deterioration due to the small variations of properties near the pseudo-critical point at relatively high pressure. The numerical heat transfer coefficients fit well with the empirical correlations, especially at higher pressures (about 5 MPa).     

波形折流杆换热器的开发和工业化实验研究

The conventional heat exchanger with segmental baffles is prone to bring forth fluid-induced vibration of heat transfer tubes and increase the pressure drop of shell-side greatly at higher fluid flow velocity. In order to avoid the above defects, the ROD-baffle heat exchanger has been developed. However, its collocation of heat transfer tubes is conventionally in square, which leads to fewer heat transfer area per unit volume. Based on the ROD-baffle heat exchanger, a new type curve-ROD baffle has been developed, and an industrial investigation of the curve-ROD baffle heat exchanger with normal triangular collocation has been carried into execution. In this paper, two equations using the Reynolds number were acquired to predict the heat transfer coefficients of the shell-side and tubeside. The experimental results show that the shell-side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the curve-ROD baffle heat exchanger are superior to those of the segmental baffle one.