温度、热量与内能

温度、热量与内能是物理学中三个既有联系又有区别的基本物理量。初学者往往将它们相互混淆,下面就一些常见的错误说法进行分析。例1“一个物体具有50J的热量”,“物体的温度越高含有的热量越多”,这两种说法对吗?分析:热量不是一个描述状态的物理量,而是一个和过程相联系的物理量。例如,100g10℃的水跟50g55℃的水混合后的温度为25℃。在此过程中,原来质量为100g的水,温度从10℃升高到25℃,根据Q=cm△t算出,它在热传递过程中吸收了6300J的热量,即内能增加了6300J。原来质量为50g的水,温度从55℃降低到25℃,在热传递过程中放出了6300J的热…     

中和热的测定实验装置的改进

高级中学《化学》(必修加选修)第三册第45页学生实验“中和热的测定”。课本中通过测50mL、0．50mol／L盐酸和50mL、0．55mol／L的NaOH溶液发生中和反应放出的热量，求出强酸与强碱反应的中和热。其实验装置如下。     

溶解热的趣味实验

将盛2－3mL蒸馏水的试管在酒精灯上加热到沸腾，然后离开火焰，持停止沸腾后，向试管中滴入2－3满浓硫酸，此时试管内的水又沸腾起来．实验证明浓硫酸溶于水要放出热量．把盛2－3mL蒸馏水的试管在酒精灯上加热到沸腾，试管不离开火焰，向沸水中加入少许硝酸按晶体，看到水停止沸腾，实验证明硝酸按溶于水要吸收热量．以上两实验药品用量少，现象明显，安全可行且有一定趣味性．溶解热的趣味实验@陈国爱$甘肃山丹兰后马管局中学!734104     

分析问题的实质寻觅最佳的解题途径

例1 将3．9g镁铝合金溶于60mL 4mol／L硫酸中，当合金完全溶解后再加入60mL 8mol／L NaOH溶液，得到沉淀的质量为10．7g．加入硫酸时产生的H2的量为( ).     

流动注射化学发光法测定盐酸利多卡因

在碱性介质中,当把鲁米诺和KMnO4的混合溶液注入到盐酸利多卡因溶液中时,会产生很强的化学发光现象．由此结合流动注射技术,建立了测定盐酸利多卡因的流动注射化学发光新方法．在优化的实验条件下,测定盐酸利多卡因的线形范围为1．0×10^-7～1．0×10^-5g／mL,检出限（3or）为4×10^-8g／mL,对1．0 ×10^-6g／mL的盐酸利多卡因进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为0．25％．该方法已用于盐酸利多卡因注射液中盐酸利多卡因的测定．     

对Q=cmΔt的理解与应用

温度不同的物体相混合时会发生热传递现象．在热传递过程中，能量从高温物体传递到低温物体．传递的能量的多少叫做热量．通常在热传递过程中，高温物体放出热量，内能减少，温度降低；低温物体吸收热量．内能增加，温度升高．当物体的温度发生变化时，吸收或放出热量的多少可用公式Q—l，，l凸t来计算．1．公式中各字母的意义和单位，，l表示物体的质量．单位是“干克”．凸t表示物体的温度变化量，单位是“”C”．当物体吸收热量温度升高时．凸t—tZ－t；（ti为物体的初温，t；为物体的未温）；当物体放出热量温度降低时，乙t一2；一Z。…     

叶脉镀铜

一.各种溶液的配制：1．碱液：将7g氢氧化钠，5g碳酸钠溶解干200mL水中，2．敏化液：在1加mL水中加入4mL浓盐酸和1g氯化亚锡。搅拌、溶解，然后加入驷锡粒．3．活化液：在100mL水中加入1．7g硝酸银溶解，再慢慢滴加28％氨水，最初可出现褐色沉淀，一直加至溶液里透明为止．4．酸性电镀液：将18g硫酸铜晶体，2g硫豚，2mL乙醇干100mL水中，再加入5mL浓硫酸，搅拌备用．5．钝化液：将4g重铬酸钾溶解于100mL水中，滴加醋酸，调节pH值为3－4．二.实验程序与操作：（一）．表面处理1．叶脉制作：利用碱液的腐蚀作用，除去树叶的叶肉，得到叶脉…     

关于尿素溶解于水的溶解热曲线研究

在中学化学课本中,我们通过简易的定性试验理解和掌握了溶解热的概念(溶解热指在一定温度和压力下,通常是在温度为298 K、压力为101 kPa的标准环境下,1 mol的溶质溶解于溶剂时所发出或吸收的热量),了解了常见的几种物质溶解在水中的吸热或放热过程,并进行了相关的定性试验. 我们尝试利用中学实验装置进行尿素溶解于水的定量溶解热实验,目的是通过定量实验掌握尿素溶解于水中的温度变化趋势并分析、绘制其溶解热曲线图.     

拓宽思路解法多

例题用酒精炉给水加热,如果酒精完全燃烧放出的热量有40％被水吸收,那么燃烧100g酒精能不能把5kg10℃的水加热到90℃?已知酒精的燃烧值为q酒=3.0×107J/kg,水的比热为c水=4.2×103J/(kg·℃).     

滴定原理在“质检”中的应用

检验食盐是否为加碘的合格食盐。例(2001年上海高考题)为预防碘缺乏病，国家规定每千克食盐中应含有40mg～50mg碘酸钾．某同学取428g食盐样品，设法溶解出其中全部的碘酸钾，将溶液酸化并加入足量的碘化钾淀粉溶液，溶液呈蓝色，再用0．030mol／L硫代硫酸钠溶液滴定，用去18．00mL时蓝色刚好褪去．试通过计算说明该加碘食盐是否为合格产品，有关反应如下：     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…